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		<title>Neue Inschriften aus Perge 4: Der Procurator Aurelius Heraclida (Heraklides) ehrt Kaiser Diocletian in Perge</title>
		<link>http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0360</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Şenkal Kileci]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 07:44:29 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[Neue Inschriften aus Perge 4: Der Procurator Aurelius Heraclida (Heraklides) ehrt Kaiser Diocletian in Perge Hamdi ŞAHİN Zusammenfassung: Dieser Artikel untersucht eine neue lateinische Ehreninschrift, die während der Grabungssaison 2024 in der Oststraße von Perge auf einem als Spolienmaterial wiederverwendeten Block dokumentiert wurde. Die Inschrift ehrt Kaiser Diocletian mit dem Titel Restitutor Orbis Terrarum und ...]]></description>
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<h3>Neue Inschriften aus Perge 4: Der Procurator Aurelius Heraclida (Heraklides) ehrt Kaiser Diocletian in Perge</h3>
<p><strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-4246"><strong data-wp-editing="1">Hamdi ŞAHİN</strong></a><br />
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<p><strong><em>LIBRI </em>XII (2026) 87-99<br />
</strong><strong>Received:</strong> 22.06.2026 | <strong>Accepted:</strong> 20.07.2026<br />
<strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/21699434">10.5281/zenodo.21699434</a><br />
<strong>Online Publication Date:</strong> 30.07.2026</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Zusammenfassung:</strong> Dieser Artikel untersucht eine neue lateinische Ehreninschrift, die während der Grabungssaison 2024 in der Oststraße von Perge auf einem als Spolienmaterial wiederverwendeten Block dokumentiert wurde. Die Inschrift ehrt Kaiser Diocletian mit dem Titel <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> und nennt als Dedikanten <em>Aurelius Heraclida</em>, welcher die Titel <em>vir egregius, ducenarius et procurator Lyciae-Pamphyliae</em> führt. Im Artikel werden zunächst die epigraphischen Merkmale der Inschrift evaluiert, woraufhin der politische und ideologische Hintergrund des Titels <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> im Kontext der diokletianischen Restaurationsideologie diskutiert wird. Die Identität des in der Inschrift genannten Aurelius Heraclida wird unter Heranziehung der <em>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</em> (<em>PLRE</em>) sowie weiterer Schriftquellen eingehend analysiert; dabei werden stichhaltige Beweise dafür vorgelegt, dass er mit dem aus einer Inschrift in Udruh (Provinz Arabia) bekannten <em>vir perfectissimus et dux</em> Aurelius Heraclida identisch sein könnte. Die Abweichungen in der Titulatur zwischen beiden Dokumenten werden im Rahmen des spätrömischen Karriereverlaufs und der Ranghierarchie bewertet. Darüber hinaus wird der Kompetenzbereich von Heraclida unter Berücksichtigung der administrativen und militärischen Struktur der Provinz Lycia-Pamphylia im späten 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. neu interpretiert. Demzufolge liefert die Studie neue Daten zur Provinzverwaltung, den militärisch-administrativen Reformen sowie zur Rezeption der kaiserlichen Ideologie in Kleinasien während der frühen Tetrarchie.</p>
<p><strong>Schlüsselwörter:</strong> Perge, Inschrift, Aurelius Heraclida, Lycia-Pamphylia, Diocletian</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article examines a new Latin honorific inscription documented during the 2024 excavation season along the East Street of Perge, carved on a block reused as spolia. The inscription honors Emperor Diocletian with the title <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> and identifies the dedicator as Aurelius Heraclida, who holds the titles <em>vir egregius</em>, <em>ducenarius</em>, and <em>procurator Lyciae-Pamphyliae</em>. The study first evaluates the epigraphic features of the inscription before discussing the political and ideological background of the title <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> within the context of Diocletianic restoration ideology. The identity of Aurelius Heraclida is analyzed in detail using the <em>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</em> (<em>PLRE</em>) alongside other textual sources, presenting compelling evidence that he may be identical to the <em>vir perfectissimus</em> and <em>dux</em> Aurelius Heraclida known from an inscription in Udruh (Arabia province). The variations in honorific titles between the two documents are assessed within the framework of Late Roman career progression and rank hierarchy. Furthermore, Heraclida’s sphere of authority is reinterpreted in light of the administrative and military structure of the province of Lycia-Pamphylia in the late 3<sup>rd</sup> cen­tury CE. Consequently, this study provides new data regarding provincial administration, military-administrative reforms, and the reception of imperial ideology in Asia Minor during the early Tetrarchy.</p>
<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Perge, Inscription, Aurelius Heraclida, Lycia-Pamphylia, Diocletian</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Genişletilmiş Öz:</strong> Bu çalışma, Perge’nin Doğu Caddesi’nde 2024 yılı kazı sezonunda ortaya çıkarılan ve devşirme malzeme olarak yeniden kullanılmış bir blok üzerinde tespit edilen yeni bir Latince onur yazıtını incelemektedir. Yazıt, İmparator Diocletianus’u <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> unvanıyla onurlandırmakta ve adak sahibi olarak <em>vir egregius, ducenarius et procurator Lyciae-Pamphyliae</em> unvanlarını taşıyan Aurelius Heraclida’yı zikretmektedir. Makalede öncelikle yazıtın epigrafik özellikleri değerlendirilmiş, ardından Diocletianus’un restorasyon ideolojisi bağlamında <em>Restitutor Orbis Terrarum</em> unvanının siyasi ve ideolojik arka planı tartışılmıştır. Yazıtta adı geçen Aurelius Heraclida’nın kimliği, <em>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire </em>(<em>PLRE</em>) ve diğer yazılı kaynaklar ışığında ayrıntılı biçimde incelenmiş; özellikle Arabia Eyaleti’ndeki Udruh’dan bilinen bir yazıtta geçen <em>vir perfectissimus et dux Aurelius Heraclida</em> ile aynı kişi olduğu yönünde güçlü kanıtlar ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Her iki belge arasındaki unvan farklılıkları, Geç Roma Dönemi’ndeki kariyer ilerlemesi ve rütbe hiyerarşisi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre Heraclida’nın Perge yazıtında taşıdığı <em>vir egregius </em>ile Udruh yazıtındaki <em>vir perfectissimus</em> unvanları kendisinin atlı sını­fına mensup olduğunu göstermektedir. Heraclida, Tetrarşi Dönemi’nin başlarında Perge’de <em>ducenarius procurator</em> olarak bulunmasının ardından MS 3. yüzyılın sonunda Udruh’ta <em>dux</em> olarak görev almıştır. Burada <em>Legio VI Ferrata Fidelis Constans</em>’a ait <em>castra</em>’nın yeniden inşasını üstlendiği görülmektedir. Bu inşa faaliyetinde Heraclida, <em>praefectus legionis</em> Aurelius Mucianus’un da katılımıyla, <em>praeses provinciae</em> Aelius Flavianus (<em>vir clarissimus</em>) bu faaliyeti gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu idari yapılanma; Diocletianus’un Doğu sefer­leri ve <em>Limes Arabicus</em>’un yeniden düzenlenmesi sürecinde, özellikle MS 297/298 reformları sonrasında imparatorluğun doğusunda şekillenen yönetim sistemiyle tam bir uyum sergilemektedir. <em>Ex fundamentis</em> olarak gerçekleşen bu yeniden inşa, aynı zamanda dönemin kapsamlı askeri altyapı faaliyetlerine işaret etmektedir. Heraclida’nın <em>vir perfectissimus</em> unvanına yükselişi ise <em>ordo equester</em> içerisinde giderek derin­leşen kurumsal hiyerarşileşmeyi açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Makalenin devamında Lycia-Pamphylia eya­letinin geç III. yüzyıldaki idari ve askerî yapısı ele alınarak Heraclida’nın görev alanı yeniden yorumlan­mıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, erken Tetrarşi Dönemi’ndeki eyalet yönetimi, askerî-idarî reformlar ve imparatorluk ideolojisinin Küçük Asya’daki yansımalarına ilişkin yeni veriler sunmaktadır.</p>
<p><strong>Anahtar Sözcükler:</strong>Perge, Yazıt, Aurelius Heraclida, Lykia-Pamphylia, Diocletianus</p>
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<p><a name="refs"></a><div class="tabs_container"><ul class="tabs"><li><a href="#">References</a></li><li><a href="#">Direct Link</a></li><li><a href="#">About Author(s)</a></li></ul><div class="panes"><div class="pane"><p>Abbasoğlu H. 2001, “The Founding of Perge and its Development in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods”. Ed. D. Parrish, <em>Urbanism in Western Asia Minor: New Studies on Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Hierapolis, Perge and Xanthos</em> (Journal of Roman Archaeology Supp. 45). Portsmouth, 172-188.</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;">Url: <a href="http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0360">http://www.libridergi.org/2026/lbr-0360</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Hamdi ŞAHİN</strong></p>
<p>Prof. Dr., Universität İstanbul, Philosophische Fakultät, Seminar für Alte Geschichte, İstanbul, Türkei. <a href="mailto:hcsahin@istanbul.edu.tr">hcsahin@istanbul.edu.tr</a></p></div></div></div>
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		<title>A New Inscribed Bronze Bowl Dedicated to Megale Thea Demeter from Arykanda</title>
		<link>http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0358</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Şenkal Kileci]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:33:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[2026]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epigraphy]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[A New Inscribed Bronze Bowl Dedicated to Megale Thea Demeter from Arykanda Fatih YILMAZ Hacer SANCAKTAR Abstract: This article presents an inscribed bronze votive bowl discovered in 2019 within a building complex associated with the Sebasteion (Room M5) at the acropolis of Arykanda. The multifunctional nature of the building complex, along with the associated finds, ...]]></description>
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<h3>A New Inscribed Bronze Bowl Dedicated to Megale Thea Demeter from Arykanda</h3>
<p><strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-3754"><strong data-wp-editing="1">Fatih YILMAZ</strong></a><br />
<strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-7890"><strong data-wp-editing="1">Hacer SANCAKTAR</strong></a><br />
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<p><strong><em>LIBRI </em>XII (2026) 49-65<br />
</strong><strong>Received:</strong> 19.05.2026 | <strong>Accepted</strong><strong>:</strong> 24.06.2026<br />
<strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/21134137">10.5281/zenodo.21134137</a><br />
<strong>Online Publication Date:</strong> 11.07.2026</p>
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<p data-wp-editing="1"><a href="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/info.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-44" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/info.jpg" alt="info" width="18" height="18" /></a> <b><a href="#refs">References</a></b></p>

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article presents an inscribed bronze votive bowl discovered in 2019 within a building complex associated with the Sebasteion (Room M5) at the acropolis of Arykanda. The multifunctional nature of the building complex, along with the associated finds, indicates that the area served as a hybrid space where ritual practices and daily life intertwined. Dating to the 2nd–3rd centuries CE, the inscribed bowl provides the only evidence to date of the goddess Demeter in the city&#8217;s pantheon. The bowl extends the geographical distribution of the cult of Demeter in Lycia eastward and into the interior. The incised inscription on the bowl bears the epithet Megale Thea (Great Goddess), hitherto unattested for Demeter in Lycia. This epithet reflects the rhetoric of religious exaltation prevalent in Roman Imperial Asia Minor. The dedicator, Theo[d]amos, identifies himself as an oikonomos (steward/administrator), suggesting he may have been an official attached to either the city or a cult organisation.</p>
<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Arykanda, Demeter, Megale Thea, Bronze Bowl, Oikonomos</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Öz:</strong> Makale, 2019 yılında Arykanda akropolisinde, Sebasteion&#8217;a bağlı bir yapı kompleksinde (M5 No.lu mekân) keşfedilen yazıtlı bronz bir adak kabını tanıtmaktadır. Yapı kompleksinin çok işlevli doğası, ele geçen buluntularla birlikte, alanın ritüel pratikler ile günlük yaşamın iç içe geçtiği hibrit bir mekân olarak hizmet verdiğini göstermektedir. MS 2.–3. yüzyıllara tarihlenen yazıtlı kap, kentin pantheonunda tanrıça Demeter&#8217;e ilişkin şimdiye dek bilinen tek belgeyi sağlamaktadır. Kap, Demeter kültünün Lykia&#8217;daki coğrafi dağılımını doğuya ve iç kesimlere doğru genişletmektedir. Kabın üzerine işlenmiş yazıt, Lykia&#8217;da Demeter için bugüne dek tespit edilmemiş Megale Thea (Büyük Tanrıça) epitetini taşımaktadır. Bu epitet, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Anadolu&#8217;sunda yaygın olan dinsel yüceltme retoriğini yansıtmaktadır. Adağı sunan Theo[d]amos, kendisini bir oikonomos (kâhya/idareci) olarak tanımlamakta ve bu durum şahsın ya kente ya da kült örgütüne bağlı bir görevli olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.</p>
<p><strong>Anahtar sözcükler:</strong> Arykanda, Demeter, Megale Thea, Bronz Kap, Oikonomos</p>
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<p>Gerçek H. 2018, “Arykanda Kenti Podyumlu Tapınağı”. Eds. T. Kahya, A. Özdizbay, N. Tüner Önen &amp; M. Wilson, <em>Uluslararası Genç Bilimciler Buluşması II: Anadolu Akdenizi Sempozyumu 04-07 Kasım 2015 Antalya</em>. Antalya, 321-340.</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;">Url: <a href="http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0358">http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/lbr-0358</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Fatih YILMAZ</strong></p>
<p>Res. Asst. Dr., Akdeniz University, Department of Ancient Languages and Cultures, Antalya, Türkiye. <a href="mailto:fatihyilmaz@akdeniz.edu.tr">fatihyilmaz@akdeniz.edu.tr</a></p>
<p><strong>Hacer SANCAKTAR</strong></p>
<p>Assoc. Prof., Yozgat Bozok University, Department of Archaeology, Yozgat, Türkiye. <a href="mailto:hacer.sancaktar@yobu.edu.tr">hacer.sancaktar@yobu.edu.tr</a></p></div></div></div>
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		<title>A New Latin Building Inscription from the Gaziantep  Zeugma Mosaic Museum</title>
		<link>http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0357</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Şenkal Kileci]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 16:40:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[2026]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epigraphy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libridergi.org/?p=9261</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A New Latin Building Inscription from the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum Aykan AKÇAY Hüseyin UZUNOĞLU Abstract: This study examines a previously unpublished Latin inscription preserved in the stone artifacts depot of the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum. Although the exact context is unclear, the inscription must have been erected to commemorate a construction activity in which ...]]></description>
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<h3>A New Latin Building Inscription from the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum</h3>
<p><strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-6862"><strong data-wp-editing="1">Aykan AKÇAY</strong></a><br />
<strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-4647"><strong data-wp-editing="1">Hüseyin UZUNOĞLU</strong></a><br />
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<p><strong><em>LIBRI </em>XII (2026) 41-48<br />
</strong><strong>Received:</strong> 22.05.2026 | <strong>Accepted</strong><strong>:</strong> 15.06.2026<br />
<strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/21040426">10.5281/zenodo.21040426</a><br />
<strong>Online Publication Date:</strong> 29.06.2026</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study examines a previously unpublished Latin inscription preserved in the stone artifacts depot of the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum. Although the exact context is unclear, the inscription must have been erected to commemorate a construction activity in which Publius Iulius Satto and Publius Victorinius Mercator, who served as <em>contubernales</em> in the Roman army, were likely involved. The inscription records that these individuals served in the first <em>cohors </em>within the <em>centuria </em>of the <em>primus pilus</em>. The tradition of naming <em>centuriae</em> after their commanders (centurio) disappeared from the 3rd century CE onwards; instead, as is the case in this inscription, they began to be named according to the duty title within the <em>centuria</em>. Since this title is given as <em>primus pilus</em> in the inscription, it is understood that these two <em>contubernales</em>, Satto and Mercator, were in the first <em>centuria</em> of the first <em>cohors</em>, the most prestigious unit in the legion. The inscription does not specify to which legion this unit was attached; however, it was most probably one of the legions temporarily stationed in the region and attested by numerous stamped tiles. Both the Celtic origin of the<em> cognomen</em> Satto and the exclusive concentration of the name Victorinius in the Rhineland point to a likely Gallo-Germanic origin for these <em>contubernales</em>. Based on the naming convention of the <em>centuria</em>, the inscription is dated to the 3rd century CE.</p>
<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Latin Inscriptions, <em>Primus pilus</em>, <em>Cohors Prima</em>, Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Roman Army</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Öz:</strong> Bu çalışmada Gaziantep Zeugma Mozaik Müzesi’nin taş eserler deposunda muhafaza edilen ve daha önce yayımlanmamış bir Latince yazıt incelenmektedir. Hangi bağlamda kaleme alındığı tam olarak belli olmasa da yazıt, Roma ordusunda <em>contubernalis</em> olarak hizmet veren Publius Iulius Satto ve Publius Victorinius Mercator’un olasılıkla dâhil oldukları bir inşa faaliyetinin anısına dikilmiş olmalıdır. Yazıtta bu kişilerin, ilk <em>cohors</em> bünyesindeki <em>primus pilus</em>’un <em>centuria</em>’sında görevli oldukları kayıtlıdır. <em>Centu­ria</em>’ların, komutanlarının (<em>centurio</em>) adlarına izafeten adlandırılma geleneği MS 3. yüzyıldan itibaren ortadan kalk­mış ve bunun yerine, bu yazıtta olduğu gibi <em>centuria</em> içindeki görev unvanına göre isimlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu unvan da yazıtta <em>primus pilus</em> olarak verildiğinden, Satto ve Mercator adlı bu iki <em>contuberna­lis</em>’in lejyondaki en prestijli birim olan ilk <em>cohors</em>’un ilk <em>centuria</em>’sında bulundukları anlaşılmaktadır. Bu birimin hangi lejyona bağlı olduğu bilgisi yazıtta yer almamaktadır; ancak bu lejyon, büyük olasılıkla bölgede geçici görevle bulunan ve çok sayıda damgalı kiremitle belgelenen lejyonlardan biri olmalıdır. Satto <em>cognomen</em>’inin Keltçe kökeni ve <em>Victorinius nomen</em>’inin Ren Bölgesi’ndeki yoğunluğu, bu <em>contubernales</em> için muhtemel bir Galya-Germen kökenine işaret etmektedir. Yazıt, <em>centuria</em>’nın adlandırılma şeklinden dolayı MS 3. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmektedir.</p>
<p><strong>Anahtar sözcükler:</strong> Latince Yazıtlar, <em>Primus pilus</em>,<em> Cohors Prima,</em> Zeugma Mozaik Müzesi, Roma Ordusu</p>
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<p>Zair N. 2023, <em>Orthographic Traditions and the Sub-elite in the Roman Empire</em>. Cambridge.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;">Url: <a href="http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0357">http://www.libridergi.org/2026/lbr-0357</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aykan AKÇAY</strong></p>
<p>Res. Assist. Dr., Akdeniz University, Mediterranean Civilizations Research Institute, Antalya, Türkiye. <a href="mailto:aykanakcay@akdeniz.edu.tr">aykanakcay@akdeniz.edu.tr</a></p>
<p><strong>Hüseyin UZUNOĞLU</strong></p>
<p>Assoc. Prof. Dr., Akdeniz University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Ancient Languages and Cultures, Antalya, Türkiye</p></div></div></div>
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		<title>A New Agonistic Epigram from Synnada: Antigonos the Trumpeter</title>
		<link>http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0356</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Şenkal Kileci]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 09:01:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[2026]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epigraphy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libridergi.org/?p=9235</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A New Agonistic Epigram from Synnada: Antigonos the Trumpeter M. Ertan YILDIZ N. Eda AKYÜREK ŞAHİN Abstract: The subject of this article is a fifteen-line inscription (Figs. 1-4) on the front face of a marble block discovered in the Şuhut district of Afyon and currently preserved in the Afyon Museum. The findspot of the stone ...]]></description>
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<h3>A New Agonistic Epigram from Synnada: Antigonos the Trumpeter</h3>
<p><strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-8698"><strong data-wp-editing="1">M. Ertan YILDIZ</strong></a><br />
<strong data-wp-editing="1"><sub><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-3003" src="http://journal.phaselis.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ORCID_mini.png" alt="" width="14" height="14" /></sub></strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-0566"><strong data-wp-editing="1">N. Eda AKYÜREK ŞAHİN</strong></a><br />
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<p><strong><em>LIBRI </em>XII (2026) 27-39<br />
</strong><strong>Received:</strong> 07.04.2026 | <strong>Accepted</strong><strong>:</strong> 06.05.2026<br />
<strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/20266542">10.5281/zenodo.20266542</a><br />
<strong>Online Publication Date:</strong> 21.05.2026</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract:</strong> The subject of this article is a fifteen-line inscription (Figs. 1-4) on the front face of a marble block discovered in the Şuhut district of Afyon and currently preserved in the Afyon Museum. The findspot of the stone belonged to the territory of the city of Synnada, located in Phrygia during antiquity. The inscription is an agonistic epigram consisting of three distichs honoring a successful trumpeter. In the epigram, a trumpeter named Antigonos is praised. He is known to have participated in trumpet competitions and achieved success while still a child. In later periods, he also gained victories in the Actian and Pythian games. It is emphasized that Antigonos glorified his homeland &#8211; which is not named in the epigram but is likely Synnada based on the findspot &#8211; through his achievements. We include this inscription within the group of agonistic inscriptions known from Synnada to date, some of which are also in the form of epigrams. This marks the first time a trumpeter has been documented in Synnada. Based on current epigraphic and numismatic evidence, the only major festival and games identified in Synnada to date is the great festival known as the “Hadrianeia Panathenaia”. This inscription honoring the trumpeter was also likely erected during a celebration of the Hadrianeia Panathenaia agon in the city. Due to its letterforms and content, the epigram can be dated to the same period as similar epigrams from Synnada, such as those of Thallos and Aristainetos (see the appendix) -namely, the first half of the 3<sup>rd</sup> century CE.</p>
<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Agonistic Epigram, Afyon Museum, Synnada, Pythia, Actia, Salpinktes/Trumpeter</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Öz:</strong> Afyon’un Şuhut ilçesinde bulunmuş ve günümüzde Afyon Müzesi’nde korunan mermer bir blok taşın ön yüzündeki on beş satırlık bir yazıt (Figs. 1-4) bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Taşın bulunduğu yer, antikçağda Phrygia’da yer alan Synnada kentinin topraklarına aitti. Yazıt başarılı bir trompetçinin onurlandırıldığı üç distykhondan oluşan agonistik bir epigramdır. Epigramda Antigonos isimli bir trompetçi övülmektedir. Bu kişinin daha çocukken trompet yarışmalarına katıldığı ve başarılar kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Daha sonraki zamanlarda Aktia ve Pythia oyunlarında da zaferler elde etmiştir. Antigonos’un adı epigramda verilmeyen ama buluntu yerinden dolayı Synnada olması muhtemel olan vatanını başarılarıyla yücelttiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu yazıtı bugüne kadar Synnada’dan bilinen ve bazıları da epigram şeklinde olan bir grup agonistik yazıt grubunun içine dahil ediyoruz. Synnada’dan ilk kez bir trompetçi belgelenmektedir. Mevcut epigrafik ve nümismatik belgelere dayanarak Synnada’da bugüne kadar tespit edilmiş olan tek bayram “Hadrianeia Panathenaia” adıyla bilinen büyük bayram ve oyunlardır. Trompetçiyi onurlandıran bu yazıt da olasılıkla kentteki bir Hadrianeia Panathenaia agonu sırasında dikilmiş olmalıdır. Epigram harf karakterleri ve içeriği nedeniyle Synnada’daki Thallos ve Aristainetos epigramları gibi (bk. ekler kısmı) benzer epigramlarla aynı döneme, yani MS 3. yüzyılın ilk yarısına tarihlenebilir.</p>
<p><strong>Anahtar sözcükler:</strong> Agonistik Epigram, Afyon Müzesi, Synnada, Pythia, Aktia, Trompetçi</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;">Kalıcı Bağlantı Adresi: <a href="http://www.libridergi.org/en/2026/epigraphy-26/lbr-0356">http://www.libridergi.org/2026/lbr-0356</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="pane"><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>M. Ertan YILDIZ</strong></p>
<p>Assoc. Prof. Dr., Akdeniz University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Ancient Languages and Cultures, Antalya, Türkiye. <a href="mailto:ertanyildiz@akdeniz.edu.tr">ertanyildiz@akdeniz.edu.tr</a></p>
<p><strong>N. Eda AKYÜREK ŞAHİN</strong></p>
<p>Prof. Dr., Akdeniz University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Ancient Languages and Cultures, Antalya, Türkiye. <a href="mailto:edasahin@akdeniz.edu.tr">edasahin@akdeniz.edu.tr</a></p></div></div></div>
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