{"id":3660,"date":"2018-01-27T13:36:32","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T11:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0133"},"modified":"2018-02-13T08:57:19","modified_gmt":"2018-02-13T06:57:19","slug":"lbr-0133","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0133","title":{"rendered":"Emev\u00ee Devleti Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Emev\u00ee Devleti Tarihi<\/h2>\n

Muhammed S\u00fcheyl TAKK\u00db\u015e<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786053512714
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0253
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02016
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Hikmetevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 9-12<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018003
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 01.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 13.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n
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\"info\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Citation<\/a>
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M. S. TAKK\u00db\u015e, Emev\u00ee Devleti Tarihi<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2016. Hikmetevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 253 sayfa. ISBN: 9786053512714<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Muhammed S\u00fcheyl Takku\u015f, Emev\u00ee Devleti Tarihi isimli eserinde Eme\u00adv\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadarki siyasi s\u00fcreci incelemi\u015ftir. Emev\u00ee Devleti \u00fczerinde tarih\u00e7iler ve yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok durulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten yazar, bunun sebeplerine de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Eserinde kendisinin, Emev\u00ee Devleti tarihiyle ilgili Arap ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n zihnindeki yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fczel\u00adtilmesini amac\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan bahsetmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada Emev\u00ee halifeleri yedi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenmi\u015f olup, eserin sekizinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f sebeplerini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akabinde, Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda birbi\u00adrinden farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ve y\u00f6netimi belirleyen bir\u00e7ok siyasi, ekonomik ve toplumsal geli\u015fmenin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z bir \u0130slam devletini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Emev\u00ee Dev\u00adleti\u2019nin siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca pek \u00e7ok muhalif g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bunun ba\u015f\u0131nda da \u015eia hareketi oldu\u011funa de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Emev\u00ee Devleti kurulu\u015fundan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar \u015eia, Hariciler, Mevali ve en sonunda da Abbasi muhalefeti ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun sonu\u00adcun\u00adda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (21-54), Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funu, Mu\u00e2viye b. Ebu S\u00fcfy\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini ve icraatlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f a\u015fa\u00admas\u0131 ve bu a\u015famada ya\u015fanan olaylar da anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Mu\u00e2\u00adviye\u2019nin i\u00e7 siyasetine de\u011finilmi\u015f, \u015eia Hareketi ve Harici hareketlerinden bah\u00adse\u00addilmi\u015f ve idarede takip etti\u011fi y\u00f6ntem a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada d\u0131\u015f siyaseti ve Do\u011fu Roma ile ili\u015fkilerine de de\u011finilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm, onun idare alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7a\u00adba\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131larak son bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u00e7eride istikrar d\u0131\u015far\u0131da ise geni\u015flemenin d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 yayman\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. D\u0131\u015f siyasette ise \u00fc\u00e7 cephe vur\u00adgu\u00adlanm\u0131\u015f olup, bunlar Do\u011fu, Do\u011fu Roma ve Kuzey Afrika cepheleri olarak kate\u00adgorize edilmi\u015ftir. Mu\u00e2viye zaman\u0131nda posta te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilmesi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Yez\u00eed b. Mu\u00e2viye, Mu\u00e2viye b. Yez\u00eed ve Merv\u00e2n b. Ha\u00adkem’in ki\u015filikleri ve icraatlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda incelemeler i\u00e7ermektedir. \u0130lk olarak, Yez\u00eed b. Mu\u00e2viye <\/em>(55-77) zaman\u0131nda i\u00e7 siyaset ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n par\u00e7alan\u00admas\u0131na sebep olan hadiselerden olan Kerbela Olay\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Hicaz halk\u0131\u00adn\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olan Harre Olay\u0131, Abdullah b. Z\u00fcbeyr Hareketi ve Medine\u2019ye h\u00fccum edilmesi gibi vakalara de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak d\u0131\u015f siyasete ve di\u011fer devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen askeri faaliyetlere yer verilmi\u015ftir. Aka\u00adbin\u00adde, Mu\u00e2viye b. Yez\u00eed’in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcren halifeli\u011fi ve bu d\u00f6\u00adnemde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 incelenmi\u015ftir. Sonra\u00ads\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bu zor durumdan kurtulabilmek ad\u0131na yeterince ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterememesi sonucunda hilafetten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131, bunun neticesinde de kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00dcmeyyeo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n zor duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00admesi ve y\u0131k\u0131lma tehlikesi ya\u015famas\u0131 s\u00fcreci incelenmi\u015ftir. Son olarak, Mu\u00e2viye b. Yez\u00eed\u2019den sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en Merv\u00e2n b. Hakem d\u00f6neminde huzuru tesis etmek \u00fczere Cabiye\u2019de bir kongre toplanm\u0131\u015f ve kontrol\u00fcn tekrar \u00dcmeyyeo\u00ad\u011ful\u00adlar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Akabinde, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birlikteli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcayan, \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce bunu k\u0131smen de olsa ba\u015faran Merv\u00e2n b. Hakem\u2019e biat edilmesi konusunda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan bir ba\u015fka hadise olan (Kaysiler ile yap\u0131lan) Merc-i R\u00e2h\u0131t Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da incelemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Abd\u00fclmelik b. Merv\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019\u0131n (83-119) ki\u015fili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmi\u015f, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasette ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu eylemler \u00fczerinde durul\u00admu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde Ali taraftarlar\u0131nca Irak\u2019ta ya\u015fanan \u015eia hareketleri ve Aynu\u2019l-Verde Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Akabinde, Abd\u00fclmelik b. Merv\u00e2n za\u00adman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen i\u00e7 siyasi ortamda y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ayak\u00adlanma hareketlerin (ilki Tevabbun hareketi olmakla birlikte; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019z Z\u00fcbeyr, Muhtar, es-Sekafi, Hariciler ve \u0130bnu\u2019l-E\u015f\u2019as gibi muhalif hareketleri) ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birli\u011fin tekrar sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilmekte\u00addir. D\u0131\u015f siyasette \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olan g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve pe\u015f pe\u015fe gelen s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta fetihler yapmas\u0131na olanak vermemi\u015ftir. Yay\u0131lmac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n, idari alanda y\u00f6netim sistemini geli\u015ftirilmesinden, idareyi ve paray\u0131 da Abd\u00fclmelik b. Merv\u00e2n’\u0131n d\u00f6neminde Arapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. D\u0131\u015f siyaset de Kuzey Afrika, Do\u011fu Roma ve Do\u011fu cephe\u00adleri \u00f6zelinde incelenmi\u015ftir. Abd\u00fclmelik\u2019in devletin d\u00fczenini ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u00adn\u0131n birli\u011fini yeniden sa\u011flama noktas\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu hamleler nedeniyle Mu\u00e2viye b. Ebu S\u00fcfy\u00e2n\u2019dan sonra devletin ikinci kurucusu olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00add\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Vel\u00eed b. Abd\u00fclmelik<\/em> (121-145) zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u00ad\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aptaki fetihler \u00fczerinde durulmakta ve onun zaman\u0131nda Mave\u00adra\u00fcnnehir ve Sind B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin, ayr\u0131ca Kuzey Afrika ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs’\u00fcn fethedildi\u011fi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. End\u00fcl\u00fcs’\u00fcn o zamanki siyasi ve sosyal durumuna de\u011finilmi\u015f, s\u00f6z konusu zaman diliminin fetih, rahatl\u0131k ve bolluk d\u00f6nemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde S\u00fcleyman b. Abd\u00fclmelik, \u00d6mer b. Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez ve Yez\u00eed b. Abd\u00fclmelik\u2019in ki\u015fisel hayatlar\u0131na ve halifelik d\u00f6nemlerinde ya\u015fanan olaylara de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6ncelikle, S\u00fcleyman b. Abd\u00fclmelik<\/em>‘in (147-155) i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyase\u00adtinden bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Sonras\u0131nda, \u00d6mer b. Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez<\/em>‘in (155-166) genel siya\u00adsetinden, bahsedilmektedir. Son olarak, Yez\u00eed b. Abd\u00fclmelik<\/em> (167-173) d\u00f6ne\u00admin\u00adde ya\u015fanan Yez\u00eed b. M\u00fchellebi ayaklanmas\u0131 ve Abbasi propagandas\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Hi\u015f\u00e2m b. Abd\u00fclmelik<\/em>‘in (175-188) ki\u015fili\u011finden, ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6\u00adne\u00admimdeki i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f olaylardan bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Devletin bir\u00e7ok cephede zor durumda oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Yez\u00eed b. Abd\u00fclmelik d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan Ab\u00adba\u00adsi propagandas\u0131n\u0131n ilerledi\u011fine de de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin sonunda devlet ya\u00adp\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zora d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren etkenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Vel\u00eed b.Yez\u00eed <\/em>(189-192), Yez\u00eed b. Vel\u00eed <\/em>(192-195) ile Merv\u00e2n b. Muhammed el-Cadi<\/em>\u2019nin (195-206) ki\u015filikleri ve d\u00f6nemlerinin genel durumu \u00fczerine incelemelerde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde devletin par\u00ad\u00e7alanma tehlikesinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olup, aile i\u00e7i \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve Araplar\u0131n kabi\u00adle \u00e7eki\u015fmelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuzluklar neticesinde devletin geri\u00adlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Abbasilerin, g\u00fcc\u00fcne, kurulu\u015fundan 750\u2019ye kadar Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019ne muhalif olan \u015eia\u2019y\u0131, mevaliyi ve baz\u0131 Arap kabilelerini ayn\u0131 bayrakta birle\u015ftirerek Merv\u00e2n b. Muhammed el-Cadi\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Sekizinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (207-228), aile ve kabileler aras\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmelerle birlikte Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flama ve y\u0131k\u0131lma nedenleriyle birlikte Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na katm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/em> (229-236) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar, Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede ya\u015fanan i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasal olaylar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Emev\u00ee Dev\u00adleti\u2019nin siyasi yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim \u015feklindeki de\u011fi\u00ad\u015fik\u00adlik\u00adlerden bahsederek, halifeli\u011fin yerine saltanat\u0131n getirilmesine ve bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Ekler<\/em> (237-253) k\u0131sm\u0131nda Emev\u00ee halifelerinin isimleri ve halifelik s\u00fcrelerinin yan\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli siyasi olaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren hari\u00adtalara ve bibliyografyaya yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eserde genel olarak Emev\u00ee halifelerinin ki\u015filikleri ve d\u00f6nemleri itibariyle ya\u015fanan siyasi olaylara de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc siyasi incelemelerde bulunul\u00admas\u0131 eserin eksik bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olmakla birlikte, siyasal olaylar\u0131 tetikleyen ve top\u00adlumsal gidi\u015fat\u0131 \u015fekillendiren z\u00fcmrelerin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan da incelen\u00admesinin gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yazar tarafs\u0131z bir tutum izlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlarla Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin \u0130slam tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini okuyucuya yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
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Durmu\u015f YILDIZ (MA)\u00a0<\/strong>
\ndurmusyildiz@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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