{"id":3318,"date":"2017-12-24T21:21:07","date_gmt":"2017-12-24T19:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0118"},"modified":"2018-01-17T08:49:45","modified_gmt":"2018-01-17T06:49:45","slug":"lbr-0118","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0118","title":{"rendered":"Anadolu\u2019da Roma Eyaletleri: Augustus D\u00f6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anadolu\u2019da Roma Eyaletleri: Augustus D\u00f6nemi<\/em><\/i><\/h2>\n

Kevser TA\u015eD\u00d6NER<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: 9786059521017<\/strong>
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0216
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Bilge K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 475-478<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017036
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 05.12.2017 |\u00a0Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 22.12.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 24.12.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n
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K. TA\u015eD\u00d6NER, Anadolu\u2019da Roma Eyaletleri: Augustus D\u00f6nemi<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2017. Bilge K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 216 sayfa (2 harita ile birlikte). ISBN: 9786059521017<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ad<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi alan\u0131nda e\u011fitim veren Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Kevser Ta\u015fd\u00f6ner\u2019in 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cRoma \u0130mparatoru Augustus D\u00f6nemi Anadolu: Eyaletler ve Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 Kral\u00adl\u0131klar\u201d adl\u0131 doktora tezinden \u00fcretilen bu kitap, her ne kadar Augustus D\u00f6ne\u00admi ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015fl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131ksa da asl\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n eyalet sistemini ve politikas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecek kadar kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em>\u2019\u00fcnde (9-12) Roma\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu, geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci ve Augustus zaman\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n Ana\u00addolu\u2019daki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ili\u015fkin yorumlar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmakta olup, kitab\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilinde yaz\u0131lan ilk monografik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fc takiben ya\u00adzar, eserinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 antik yazarlar\u0131n ad ve eser k\u0131saltmalar\u0131 ile bilimsel k\u0131\u00adsaltmalar\u0131 K\u0131saltmalar<\/em> (13-16) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda okuyucusuna sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roma\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 753 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019dan akan Tiber Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131n\u00addan hareketle, \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 tarihsel noktalara de\u011finilerek, M\u00d6 126 y\u0131l\u0131nda As\u00adya\u2019n\u0131n eyalet olu\u015funa kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre kitab\u0131n Giri\u015f<\/em>\u2019inde (17-22) genel bir Roma Tarihi anlat\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Giri\u015fi takiben yazar, kitab\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131nda incelemektedir. Caesar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden \u00f6nceki s\u00fcreci ve Au\u00adgustus\u2019un princeps <\/em>olup yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reformlar\u0131 inceleyen birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm Augustus: Roma\u2019n\u0131n Princeps ve \u0130lk \u0130mparatoru<\/em> (23-46) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adci M\u00d6 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan Caesar ile ba\u015flatan yazar, Augustus\u2019un ba\u015fa ge\u00e7i\u015fini, al\u00add\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 yetkileri, ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve evlilikleri \u00fczerinden olu\u015fan Iulius-Claudius Hane\u00addan\u0131\u2019na k\u0131saca de\u011findikten sonra Augustus\u2019un Reformlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 (39-45) senato ve senat\u00f6rler, sosyal ya\u015fam, evlilik ve hukuk, askerlik ve eyalet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda birer sayfal\u0131k \u00f6zetler halinde okuyucusuna aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Genel Hatlar\u0131yla Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi Roma Eyaletleri<\/em> (47-86) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kta eyalet kavram\u0131na, eyalet y\u00f6neti\u00admine, kanunlar\u0131na ve eyaletlere y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan magistratus<\/em> atamalar\u0131na yer ve\u00adren yazar ilkin Roma \u201cProvincia\u201ds\u0131 ve \u201cEyalet\u201d<\/em> (49-60) kavramlar\u0131na ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmektedir. M\u00d6 753 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan geli\u00ad\u015fen provincia<\/em> kavram\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fta, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla bir eyaletten ziyade, M\u00d6 241 y\u0131l\u0131nda son bulan Birinci Kartaca Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Sicilya\u2019n\u0131n ilk provincia <\/em>olarak belirlenip M\u00d6 227\/6 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk praetor <\/em>r\u00fctbeli magistratus<\/em>\u2019un atanma\u00ads\u0131na de\u011fin \u201cg\u00f6rev-eylem alan\u0131\u201d olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Zamanla bir gelenek haline b\u00fcr\u00fcnen bu g\u00f6rev-eylem alan\u0131 siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan delinmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonlanan bu giri\u015fimleri Provincia Gelene\u011fini Boz\u00admak Anlam\u0131nda Sonu\u00e7suz Giri\u015fimler<\/em> (60-61) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u0131saca \u00f6rnekle\u00admektedir. Eyaletlerin Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi <\/em>(61-67) konusuna M\u00d6 241 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kartaca\u2019n\u0131n Sicilya Adas\u0131\u2019ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle elde edilen ilk eyalet Sicilya \u00fczerinden de\u011finilmektedir. Yeni kurulan bir eyalet i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen praetor<\/em> r\u00fct\u00adbeli vali ile di\u011fer \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 memuriyetlerden bahsedilmekte olup; toplanan vergiler, toprak sistemi gibi eyaletle ili\u015fkili konulara tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yer verilmektedir. Ancak eyaletlerdeki sistemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlar i\u00e7in bir eyalet yasas\u0131n\u0131n (Lex Provinciae<\/em>) olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak bilin\u00admedi\u011fini bildiren Ta\u015fd\u00f6ner, eyaletlerde olu\u015fan baz\u0131 olumsuz durumlar i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131\u00adkar\u0131lan yasalar\u0131 Eyaletlerde K\u00f6t\u00fc Y\u00f6netim ve Eyaletlerle \u0130lgili Kanunlar <\/em>(67-78) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rneklerle irdelemektedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yazar, Eyalet Valileri: R\u00fct\u00adbe, G\u00f6rev, Yetki ve Sorumluluklar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 (78-80) Hispania \u00f6zelinde \u00f6rneklen\u00addirmektedir. Valilerin, promagistratus<\/em> olarak atand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fakat provincia <\/em>i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde birer magistratus<\/em> yetkisine sahip olduklar\u0131 konusuna, bu yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7izerek, imperium<\/em> yetkileri d\u00e2hilinde kendilerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan memuri\u00adyet\u00adlerden (quaestor<\/em>, legatus<\/em>, scriba<\/em> ve comites<\/em> vb.) s\u00f6z ederek de\u011finmektedir. Buraya de\u011fin, b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi Ro\u00adma eyaletleri genel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son konunu ise Cumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde Kurulan Roma Eyaletleri<\/em> (81-86) olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. M\u00d6 241 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sicilya\u2019n\u0131n eyaletle\u015ftirilmesinden ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6zet \u015feklindeki tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle birlikte, Augustus\u2019un imparator olu\u015funa kadar y\u0131l y\u0131l Ro\u00adma\u2019n\u0131n Cumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde kurdu\u011fu eyaletlere yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm Anadolu\u2019da Roma Eyaletleri ve Y\u00f6netimi<\/em> (87-154) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eserin as\u0131l konusunu bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ilkin Augustus ve Anadolu Eyaletleri <\/em>(89-90) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda M\u00d6 27 y\u0131l\u0131nda Augustus\u2019un yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eyalet reformuna ili\u015fkin genel bir bak\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu reform so\u00adnucu olu\u015fturulan Senato Eyaletleri<\/em> (90-99) ve Augustus\u2019un<\/em> (\u0130mparator) Eyalet\u00adleri<\/em> (99-117) ayr\u0131 iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Senato eyaletleri olan Asia Eyaleti<\/em> (90-96) ile Bithynia Eyaleti<\/em> (96-99) geni\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla hem Perga\u00admon hem de Bithynia krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Roma\u2019ya vasiyetle kal\u0131\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131ndan ba\u015flaya\u00adrak kronolojik bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mparator eyaletleri olan Kilikia Eyaleti<\/em> (99-106) ile Augustus\u2019un kurdu\u011fu ilk ve son eyalet olan Galatia Eyaleti <\/em>(106-111) senato eyaletlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi geni\u015f bir anlat\u0131yla okuyucuya sunul\u00admaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle eyaletlerin tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7indeki s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fimlerine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak yer verilmektedir. Eyaletlerin Y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u2019nin (111-117) ise senato taraf\u0131ndan atanan valilerce idare edildi\u011fine, ancak Augustus\u2019un da imparator eyaletlerine eski consul<\/em> ve praetor<\/em>\u2019lar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ti\u011fi devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 legatus Augusti propraetore <\/em>olarak atad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir. Senato taraf\u0131ndan atanan Eyalet Valileri <\/em>(117-123) ile Vali Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n (123-128) g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131l olarak belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n legatus Au\u00adgusti propraetore <\/em>olarak imparator taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan atamalarda belirli bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131na gidilmedi\u011fine de\u011finen yazar, Asia Eyaleti\u2019ndeki valilere ili\u015fkin bir tak\u0131m bilgileri de eserinde detayl\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Eyaletlerde Adli \u0130\u015fler <\/em>(128-142) Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi Augustus Reformundan sonra da eyalet valilerince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemeler ise kentlerde kurulan conventus<\/em>\u2019lar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu hususta, mahkemenin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 kent ile bu kentin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye (Conventus Iuridicus<\/em>) \u00f6rnek olarak Asia Eyaleti verilmi\u015f olup, bu eyalette kurulan conventus<\/em>\u2019lara ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama\u00adlara yer verilmi\u015ftir. Augustus\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer reform da ordular\u0131 kendine ba\u011flamakt\u0131. Eyaletlerde Roma Garnizonlar\u0131<\/em> (142-147) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Anado\u00adlu\u2019daki eyaletlerin inermes<\/em> (garnizonsuz) olu\u015fundan bahseden yazar, \u00e7o\u011fun\u00adluk\u00adla Augustus\u2019un kurdu\u011fu ilk ve son eyalet olan Galatia\u2019y\u0131 ba\u015fat \u00f6rnek olarak benimseyerek eyalette yer alan lejyonlar ile yard\u0131mc\u0131 birlikler hakk\u0131nda bilgi ver\u00admektedir. Eyaletle ilgili \u00f6nemli bir di\u011fer durum ise Vergiler ve Vergi M\u00fcl\u00adtezimleri<\/em>\u2019dir (147-153). S\u00f6z konusu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n, vergi sistemini Syrakusai kral\u0131 Hieron\u2019un d\u00fczenlemesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6denen vergi \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve Asia Eyaleti vergi\/g\u00fcmr\u00fck istasyonlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eserin son ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kentler, Koloniler, \u0130mparator K\u00fclt\u00fc ve Koi\u00adnonlar <\/em>(155-193) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kentler ve Kentle\u015fme<\/em> (157-174) konu\u00adsunda Augustus D\u00f6nemi\u2019ndeki \u00f6zg\u00fcr kent stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki kentlere ve Augus\u00adtus\u2019tan \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle yard\u0131m g\u00f6ren kentlere ili\u015fkin veriler eyaletlere g\u00f6re ayr\u0131nt\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda hem Caesar hem de Augustus taraf\u0131ndan kuru\u00adlan Koloniler<\/em> (174-177) ald\u0131klar\u0131 yeni adlar\u0131yla belirtilmi\u015f olup, baz\u0131 kolonilerin y\u00f6netimindeki unsurlara de\u011finilmektedir. Roma ve Augustus K\u00fclt\u00fc<\/em> (177-184) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda tanr\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Caesar\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Actium Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ad\u0131\u00adna tap\u0131naklar dikilen Augustus\u2019un imparator k\u00fclt\u00fcne de\u011finilmektedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hangi kentlerde Roma, hangi kentlerde Augustus ve hangilerinde Roma ve Augustus k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve hangilerinde bu k\u00fcltlere ili\u015fkin tap\u0131naklar\u0131n var oldu\u011fu \u00fczerine yorum ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eyaletlerde yer alan koinon\u00ad<\/em>lar\u0131n i\u015flevine, bu koinon<\/em>lar\u0131n memurlar\u0131na ve s\u00f6z konusu memurlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ta\u00adn\u0131mlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerine Eyalet Koinonlar\u0131<\/em> (184-193) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer veril\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

Son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben biri Augustus D\u00f6nemi Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu, di\u011feri Augustus D\u00f6nemi Anadolu\u2019daki Eyaletleri g\u00f6steren iki harita (194-197), bir Bibliyografya (198-211) ve bir Dizin (212-216) ile eser sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

\u015eenkal K\u0130LEC\u0130 (PhD.)\u00a0<\/strong>
\nsenkalkileci@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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