{"id":2703,"date":"2017-03-31T14:09:24","date_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/?p=2703"},"modified":"2017-03-31T14:29:53","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:29:53","slug":"lbr-0089","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0089","title":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi, MS. 284-641"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi, MS. 284-641<\/h2>\n

Stephen MITHCELL<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9789751632463
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0750
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02016
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0Ankara
\nPublisher:<\/strong> T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> II (2017) 41-46<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017007
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 02.03.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 25.03.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 29.03.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

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S. MITHCELL, Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi, MS. 284-641.<\/em> Ankara 2016. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 750 sayfa (32 Levha, 10 Harita ve 7 Diyagram ile birlikte). \u00c7ev. T. Ka\u00e7ar. ISBN: 9789751632463<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun MS. III. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015fla\u00adr\u0131\u00adna kadar ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fim \u00fczerine odaklanan, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelerin uzun anlat\u0131s\u0131ndan ziyade siyasi bir tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fan eser, A His\u00adtory of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla S. Mitchell taraf\u0131n\u00addan ilk olarak 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bibliyografyas\u0131 g\u00fcncellenen, d\u00fc\u00adzeltmeler ve ilaveler yap\u0131larak 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan yeni bask\u0131s\u0131 2016 y\u0131\u00adl\u0131nda T. Ka\u00e7ar taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilerek bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na sunulmu\u015ftur. Monog\u00adrafi, ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011f Akdeniz, Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu ve Avrupa tarihi \u00fczerine kurgu\u00adlanm\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n ifadesiyle ise \u201cT\u00fcrklerden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u201d tarihi ile ilgili olan eser imparator Diocletianus\u2019un tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 MS. 284 tarih ile imparator He\u00adrac\u00adlius\u2019un 641 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadarki zaman dilimini kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7a\u00adl\u0131\u015f\u00admaya \u00f6zellikle d\u00f6nemin antik\u00e7a\u011f tarih\u00e7ilerinin eserlerinden birebir al\u0131nt\u0131lar s\u0131kl\u0131kla d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ikincil literat\u00fcrler \u00fczerine derinleme\u00adsine bir inceleme de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eser, \u0130lk Bask\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fc, \u0130kinci Bask\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fc, Yazar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00c7eviriye \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fc, \u00c7evirenin \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fc, Levhalar, Haritalar, Diyagramlar, K\u0131saltmalar, 1) Ge\u00e7 Roma Tarihine Giri\u015f, 2) Kaynaklar\u0131n Durumu, 3) Diocletianus\u2019tan Alaric\u2019e Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, 4) V. ve VI. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, 5) Roma Devleti, 6) Barbar Krall\u0131klar\u0131, 7) Paganizmden H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa, 8) H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve Dinsel Kimlik Politikalar\u0131, 9) Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Ekonomi Politi\u011fi, 10) Akdeniz ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da Toplum ve Ekonomi, 11) Ge\u00e7 VI. Y\u00fczy\u0131\u00adl\u0131n Sonlar\u0131, 12) Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Son Hesapla\u015fmas\u0131, 13) Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Kaynak\u00e7a, Kronolojik Roma \u0130mparatorlar\u0131 ve S\u00e2s\u00e2ni Krallar\u0131 Listesi ve Genel Dizin\u2019den olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7 Roma Tarihine Giri\u015f<\/em> (1-19) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde klasik antik\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n son y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131na dair ortaya konulan tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlara dikkat \u00e7ekilerek modern tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6neme atfedilen Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f, erken Bizans gibi tan\u0131mlamalar \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Yazar, Ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011f tarihi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle din tarihi \u00f6zelinde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurumsal ve siyasi tarihin ise yeteri kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek E. Gibbon, J. Bury, E. Stein, A.H.M. Jones, A. Demandt, P. Brown, A. Cameron, D. Potter, C. Wickham, P. Sarris, H. Pirenne ve P. Horden-N. Purcell taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131m\u00adlanm\u0131\u015f olan eserleri i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 perspektifinden de\u011fer\u00adlendirmekte ve kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n girizg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 okuyucuya sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar\u0131n Durumu <\/em>(19-69) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu tarihine ili\u015fkin antik kaynaklar, vakayinameler, k\u00fclliyatlar, mektup koleksi\u00adyonlar\u0131, t\u00f6ren konu\u015fmalar\u0131 (panegyrici<\/em>), epigrafik belgeler, arkeolojik bulgu ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. H\u0131ristiyan kaynaklar\u0131n problemleri ortaya konulurken ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011fdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan pagan ve H\u0131ristiyan literat\u00fcrdeki oran fark\u0131n\u0131n tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n etkileri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna ilaveten ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n siyasi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 i\u015fini \u00fcstlenen ki\u015filerin iki \u00f6zelli\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir: bu tarih\u00e7ilerin Roma imparator\u00adlu\u011funun idaresinde yetkili bir g\u00f6revde bulunmalar\u0131 ve bizzat kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 olaylar hakk\u0131nda yazmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ammianus Marcellinus ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Eunapius, Priscus, Malchus, Zosimus, Joshua Stylites, Procopius, Agathias ve Menandros Protector gibi d\u00f6nemin tarih\u00e7ilerinin eserleri yaz\u0131m ve i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan irdelenmektedir. Kilise tarih\u00e7ilerinden Eusebius, Orosius, Euagrius ve Chronicon Paschale\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da okuyucuya tan\u0131t\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. Hukuki ve idari kay\u0131tlardan ise Novellae, Theodosius Kodeksi, Iustinianus Kodeksi (Corpus Iuris Civilis<\/em>= Kamu Hukuku Yasalar\u0131), Institutes<\/em>, Digesta<\/em>, 314 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131ndaki eyaletleri listeleyen Laterculus Veronensis, Notitia Dignitatum (subaylar\u0131n ve askeri birliklerin konumlar\u0131n\u0131n listesi) ve kilise konsillerinin kay\u0131tlar\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir. Epigrafik belgelerin ise erken imparatorluk d\u00f6ne\u00admine nazaran say\u0131ca az olmas\u0131na ve ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131ndaki etkisinin az oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Diocletinaus\u2019un tahta ge\u00e7i\u015finden Got kral\u0131 Alaric taraf\u0131ndan Roma\u2019n\u0131n ta\u00adlan edilmesine ve II. Theodosius\u2019un tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreci (284-401) konu edinen 3. Diocletianus\u2019tan Alaric\u2019e Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/em> adl\u0131 b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcm (69-147) kronolojik bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Roma \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu\u2019nun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sorunlarla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00fczy\u0131l olan IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru impa\u00adratorlu\u011fun y\u00f6netiminin fiili olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Do\u011fu Roma \u0130m\u00adpa\u00adratorlu\u011fu\u2019nun istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ayakta kalmas\u0131 Bat\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n ise Gotlar taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan sebepler irdelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

V. ve VI. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu <\/em>(147-223) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn anlat\u0131s\u0131 V. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n siyasi tarihinin kaynaklar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle tam olarak ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z ile ba\u015flamakta\u00add\u0131r. II. Theodosius, Marcianus, Leo, Zeno, Anastasius, Iustinus d\u00f6nemleri ve \u00f6zellikle Iustinianus d\u00f6nemi olaylar\u0131 kronolojik bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131n\u0131rken Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Barbar krall\u0131klar ile m\u00fccadeleleri ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca son Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatoru Romulus Augustu\u00adlus\u2019u azledip iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Cermen kral\u0131 Odoacar ve faaliyetleri hak\u00adk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Roma Devleti <\/em>(223-275) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm imparatorlu\u011fun idari, mali ve askeri sisteminin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi; rit\u00fcel haline gelmi\u015f siyasi prosed\u00fcrlerin ve propagandalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 (en dikkate de\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek olarak hipodrom gibi halka a\u00e7\u0131k kutlamalarda tezah\u00fcrat kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 verilmektedir); imparatorlar\u0131n ideolojileri ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak y\u00f6netim \u015fekilleri \u00fczerine odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yazar, ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun anatomisini \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ayn\u0131 za\u00admanda imparatorlu\u011fun resmi dini olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n imparatorluk \u00fczerin\u00addeki etkilerinden de ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bahsetmektedir. G\u00f6rsel propagandalar (\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Theodosius s\u00fctununun kaidesi gibi imparatorluk an\u0131tlar\u0131) ve verdikleri mesajlar aktar\u0131lmakta ve imparatorlu\u011fun g\u00f6rsel dilinin g\u00fcc\u00fc hak\u00adk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulunulmaktad\u0131r. Buna ilaveten Roma toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na ve hiyerar\u015fisine, vatanda\u015f ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k stat\u00fclerine, vergi sistemine ve kilise te\u015fkilat yap\u0131lar\u0131na dair bilgiler yine bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Barbar Krall\u0131klar\u0131<\/em> (275-325) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm imparatorlu\u011fun bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Vizigotlar, Burgonlar, Franklar ve Ostrogotlar\u0131 ele almakta bu krall\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00f6kenine inerek niteliklerine ili\u015fkin bilgileri ve Ro\u00adma ile temaslar\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. MS. 375-540 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ren ve Tuna Nehirlerini a\u015farak Roma topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketine devam eden barbar halklar\u0131n Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7ine entegrasyon olu\u015flar\u0131, toprak talep etmeleri, elde ettikleri topraklara yerle\u015fimleri, kendi i\u00e7lerindeki y\u00f6netim \u015fe\u00adkilleri ve Got lider Theoderic\u2019in \u0130talya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iri\u015fi Amminanus Marcellinus, Iordanes, Cassiodorus ve Hunlar ile Romal\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi 449 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hunlar\u0131n hem Do\u011fu hem de Bat\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hissetti\u00adren krallar\u0131 Attila\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131na el\u00e7i olarak giden tarih\u00e7i Priscus gibi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli tarih\u00e7ilerinden al\u0131nt\u0131larla aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Paganizmden H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa <\/em>(325-373) Ge\u00e7 Roma imparatorlu\u011funun u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paganizmden H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa olan dinsel de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcreci ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te imparatorlar\u0131n uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 din politikalar\u0131 ile bu uygulamalar\u0131n halk \u00fczerin\u00addeki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve etkileri sorgulanarak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun paganizmden H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015finin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde pagan politeizmin kurban t\u00f6renleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekilmekte; III. ve IV. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki sosyal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmelerin dinsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve Roma devletinin H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 takip ve kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi propagandas\u0131 ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r. V. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren ise paganlara kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nan yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131naklar\u0131n kilise\u00adlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanarak Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru Ius\u00adtinianus ile birlikte genel anlamda H\u0131ristiyanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir imparatorluk resminin \u00e7izildi\u011fi ve bunun da yasalarla kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve Dinsel Kimlik Politikalar\u0131 <\/em>(373-439) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131n\u00addaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm din de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fini incelemektedir: \u0130mparator Cons\u00adtantinus, \u0130mparator Iulianus ve Aziz Augustinus. Constantinus\u2019un H\u0131ristiyan\u00adl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; Iulianus\u2019un hayat\u0131, paganizme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve paganizmi yeniden can\u00adland\u0131rma ideolojisi; aziz Augustinus\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130tiraflar<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u00admas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak H\u0131ristiyan bir kimli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fi ile ilgilenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm din de\u011fi\u015f\u00adtirmenin imparatorlukta ve toplumda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkileri \u00fczerine detayl\u0131 bir de\u00ad\u011ferlendirme yapmaktad\u0131r. Buna ilaveten piskoposlar\u0131n imparatorluk y\u00f6neti\u00admindeki n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131, sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, dinsel aidiyetler (Novatianus\u00e7ular, Meletianus\u00e7ular, Donatus\u00e7ular gibi), 325 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u0130znik Konsili, 381 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Constantinopolis Konsili, I. Efes Konsili ve Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Konsili\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta ve Iustinianus\u2019un din politikas\u0131na dair bilgiler de veril\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Ekonomi Politi\u011fi <\/em>(439-481) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde imparatorlu\u011fun ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131, para ve vergi sistemi ile bunlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak siyasi ve toplumsal kurumlar \u00fczerine odaklan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 ti\u00adcaretin i\u015fleyi\u015f \u015fekillerine ve kent hayat\u0131na etkilerine de\u011finilerek imparatorlu\u00ad\u011fun ayakta kalma nedeni olarak deniz yollar\u0131, limanlar, kara ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve ordu gibi uzun mesafe ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirli\u011fine i\u015faret edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca imparatorlu\u011fun ia\u015fe sistemi olan annona<\/em> mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131narak s\u00f6z konusu sistemin i\u015flevselli\u011finin Roma, Constantinopolis, \u0130skenderiye, Antakya ve Kar\u00adtaca gibi \u00f6nemli merkezlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ve geli\u015fimine katk\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da Toplum ve Ekonomi <\/em>(481-553) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal ve ekono\u00admik a\u00e7\u0131dan aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan fark\u0131n ana etkeninin g\u00fcvenlik sorunu oldu\u011fu vur\u00adgulanmakta ve k\u0131rsal yerle\u015fim modellerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zellikle arkeolojik veriler temelinde Akdeniz ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019daki kent hayat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde du\u00adrulmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Suriye ve yerle\u015fimleri, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya, do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n askeri b\u00f6l\u00adgeleri, M\u0131s\u0131r, Afrika, Galya, \u0130talya, Tuna ve Balkanlar\u0131n kentsel ya\u015fam geli\u00ad\u015fimi ve ekonomisi irdelenmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda sosyal ve ekonomik geli\u015f\u00admede b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 role dikkat \u00e7ekilerek g\u00fcvenli\u011fin \u00f6nemi ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7 VI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sonlar\u0131 <\/em>(553-599) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu\u2019nun VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemlerle ilgilenmektedir. Bu problemler kentlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan veba, k\u0131tl\u0131k felaketi, Sasanilerin \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak say\u0131lmak\u00adtad\u0131r. 541\u2019den 543 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren ve kara \u00f6l\u00fcm olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan veban\u0131n Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n toplum ve ekonomisine etkileri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna ilaveten imparatorlu\u011fun gidi\u015fat\u0131na dair tespit\u00adler yap\u0131lmakta; Sasanilerin imparatorlar\u0131 H\u00fcsrev Anu\u015firvan ile birlikte g\u00fc\u00e7le\u00adnerek Do\u011fu Roma \u00fczerinde etkili bir \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015f politika sergilemeleri ve bu\u00adnun akabinde Roma-\u0130ran aras\u0131nda cereyan eden sava\u015f, sefer ve diplomatik te\u00admaslara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Son Hesapla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em> (599-633) b\u00f6l\u00fc\u00adm\u00fcnde Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun toprak kaybetmesine neden olan VII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki d\u0131\u015f tehditler incelenmektedir. Orta Asya ve Kuzey Avrupa\u2019dan ge\u00adlen barbar ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n (Avarlar, T\u00fcrkler, Slavlar, Lombordlar) imparatorlu\u011fa etkileri ele al\u0131nmakta; ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru Heraclius ile Sasani \u0130mparatoru II. H\u00fcsrev\u2019in m\u00fccadeleleri \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. II. H\u00fcsrev d\u00f6nemiyle birlikte Sasanilerin Anadolu, Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 istilalar\u0131, Ku\u00add\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irip Kutsal Ha\u00e7\u2019\u0131 ba\u015fkentleri Ktesiphon\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeleri, Rodos\u2019u fetihleri ve 626 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avarlarla Constantinopolis\u2019i ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na alacak kadar canlanan askeri militarizmi irdelenerek antik\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u00admas\u0131 olarak kayda ge\u00e7en Heraclius\u2019un II. H\u00fcsrev\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 savunma pozisyonun\u00addan sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc <\/em>(633-677) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun siyasal bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak gerileyi\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden olan etkenler sorgulanarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada yazar, impa\u00adra\u00adtorlu\u011fun i\u00e7indeki zay\u0131flama ve par\u00e7alanmadan ziyade d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin gerileme ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn temellerini att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Vergi sisteminin i\u015flevselli\u011finin ve devlet gelirlerinin azalmas\u0131, askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve buna paralel top\u00adrak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, veba ve k\u0131tl\u0131k gibi do\u011fal felaketlerin uzun s\u00fcreli olmas\u0131 gibi etkenler arkeolojik ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 veriler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p ortaya konularak Roma imparatorlu\u011funun VI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar edilemez bir ger\u00e7ek olarak vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Monografi, olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcncel i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em> (677-721) k\u0131sm\u0131, Kro\u00adnolojik Roma \u0130mparatorlar\u0131 ve Sasani Krallar\u0131 Listesi<\/em> (721-725) ve Genel Dizin<\/em> (725-750) ile son bulmaktad\u0131r. Eser, \u00f6zellikle giri\u015f ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kapsaml\u0131 ve nitelikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ele alarak farkl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir materyal sunmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131\u00admaktad\u0131r. Kitap, Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f ve Erken Bizans \u00fczerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e literat\u00fcr\u00fcn azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan ya da yapacak olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve yahut entelekt\u00fcel kitleler i\u00e7in temel ba\u015f\u00advuru kaynaklardan birisi olma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>
\nEski\u00e7a\u011f Dilleri ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Emine B\u0130LG\u0130\u00c7 KAVAK (PhD.) <\/strong>
\nemineblgc@windowslive.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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