{"id":1501,"date":"2016-02-28T23:51:18","date_gmt":"2016-02-28T21:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/?p=1501"},"modified":"2016-07-12T13:33:45","modified_gmt":"2016-07-12T10:33:45","slug":"003","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2016-en\/003","title":{"rendered":"Antik Yunan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t
\n\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/em><\/p>\n

Antik Yunan: Arkeoloji, Sanat ve Tarih Tutkunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1000 Foto\u011fraf E\u015fli\u011finde Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

Nigel RODGERS<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n

ISBN: 97860533230501<\/strong>
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0512
\nPublication Date:<\/strong> 2015
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

<\/div>\n

<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> II (2016) 65-73<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2016003
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 20.01.2016 Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 14.02.2016
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 16.02.2016
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2016<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t\n

\"pdf\"\u00a0\u00a0Get PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong> View PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0 <\/a>Citation<\/a>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

\n\t\t

<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
<\/div>\n

N. RODGERS, Antik Yunan: Arkeoloji, Sanat ve Tarih Tutkunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1000 Foto\u011fraf E\u015fli\u011finde Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma. \u0130stanbul 2015, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 512 sayfa (1000 foto\u011fraf ile). \u00c7ev.: \u00dclk\u00fc Evrim UYSAL. ISBN: 97860533230501<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hellen antikitesi, bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Antik\u00e7a\u011fda Hellenlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n unsurlar\u0131, bir\u00e7ok konuda ilkleri<\/em> temsil etmektedir. Demokrasi, oligar\u015fi, ma\u00adtematik, felsefe, m\u00fczik ve tragedya gibi bir\u00e7ok kavram\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 bu kadim uygarl\u0131kta bulunmak\u00adtad\u0131r. Hellenler siyasal, fiziksel ve tinsel d\u00fcnya \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler ve b\u00f6ylece modern bilim ile demokrasinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkile\u00adye\u00adrek ona \u015fekil vermi\u015flerdir. Orijinal ad\u0131 The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ancient Gree\u00adce, A Comprehensive History with 1000 Photographs<\/em> olan eser T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00dclk\u00fc Evrim Uysal taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilirken, edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Cumhur \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, redaksiyonunu ise O\u011fuz Yarl\u0131ga\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kapsam\u0131 \u0130\u00e7indekiler <\/em>(4-8) k\u0131sm\u0131 ile sunulurken, Eski Yunan\u2019\u0131n \u0130hti\u015fam\u0131 <\/em>(8-9) k\u0131sm\u0131nda Hellenler ve uygarl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekilde ba\u015flat\u0131lan eser, Antik Yu\u00adnan\u2019\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em> (10-253) ile Antik Yunan D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em> (254-499) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 iki ana k\u0131s\u0131m alt\u0131nda s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f tematik ba\u015fl\u0131klardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Her iki k\u0131s\u0131m ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda da Giri\u015f<\/em> (12-13 ve 256-259) ve Zaman \u00c7izelgesi<\/em> (14-17 ve 260-263) sunulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda ise Dizin<\/em> (500-510) ve G\u00f6rsel Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em> (511-512) yer almaktad\u0131r. Eser, isminden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi 1000 adet foto\u011fraf bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00f6rsel olarak olduk\u00e7a zengindir.<\/p>\n

Eserin Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 birinci k\u0131sm\u0131; Klasik Yunan<\/em> (18-131) ile B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ve Varisleri<\/em> (132-253) olarak iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Klasik Yunan<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm, alt\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yunan Uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131 M\u00d6 Y. 2000-500<\/em> (20-40) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm on alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Girit Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130lk Uygarl\u0131k M\u00d6 2000-1100<\/em> (22-23) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Girit Adas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanan ve ad\u0131n\u0131 efsanevi kral\u0131 Minos\u2019tan alan Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta, M\u00d6 ca.<\/em> 1600\u2019de Thera (Santorini) Ada\u00ads\u0131\u2019nda meydana gelen yanarda\u011f p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesinin etkileri, depremler ve yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan M\u00d6 ca.<\/em>1100\u2019de adaya \u00e7\u0131kan Hellen istilac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bu uygarl\u0131\u011fa son verilmesi aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Miken Toplumu \u0130lk Yunanlar M\u00d6 1600-1200<\/em> (24-25) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; M\u00d6 ca.<\/em> 1600\u2019de Hellas\u2019ta yer alan Mykenai kentinde Miken Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izleri ve nihayetinde M\u00d6 ca. <\/em>1200\u2019de me\u00e7hul sald\u0131rganlar taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar M\u00d6 1200-800<\/em> (26-27) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; M\u00d6 1200-800 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki periyodu kapsayan Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f<\/em> anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan R\u00f6nesans\u0131<\/em> M\u00d6 800-700<\/em> alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla M\u00d6 ca. <\/em>800-700 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fenikeli t\u00fcccarlar ile kurulan ili\u015fkilerin tetikledi\u011fi toplumsal geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan\u2019\u0131n Geni\u015flemesi M\u00d6 750-580<\/em> (30-31) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; M\u00d6 750-550 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck kolonizasyon hareketlerine yer verilmektedir. Hoplitler ve Tiranlar M\u00d6 700-550 <\/em>(32-33) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; antik\u00e7a\u011fda Hellenlerin muharebelerde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r silahl\u0131 piyadeleri olan hoplit\u00ad<\/em>lere de\u011finilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 aristokratlar\u0131n devleti ele ge\u00e7irerek tiran<\/em> olmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. \u0130yonya Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 M\u00d6 650-520<\/em> (34-35) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; Ionia\u2019da Lydial\u0131 y\u00f6neticile\u00adrin etkileri ile geli\u015fen felsefe ve \u015fiir ak\u0131m\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Sparta: E\u015fsiz Bir Devlet M\u00d6 700-500<\/em> (36-37) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; Peloponnesos Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda da\u011flarla \u00e7evrili Eurotas Vadisi\u2019ne yerle\u015fen Dor as\u0131ll\u0131 Spartal\u0131lar\u0131n toplumsal d\u00fczenlerine ili\u015fkin bilgiler sunulmu\u015ftur. Atina: Reformcular ve Tiranlar M\u00d6 620-514<\/em> (38-39) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; Atina\u2019da M\u00d6 632 y\u0131l\u0131nda, olimpiyatlarda alt\u0131n madalya kazanm\u0131\u015f bir aristokrat olan Kylon\u2019un Akropolis\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irmesi ile ba\u015flayan tiranlar d\u00f6nemine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Atina: Demokratik Devrim 514-490<\/em> (40-41) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla; yeni ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir anayasa ile reformlar s\u00fcrecine de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Pers Sava\u015flar\u0131 M\u00d6 499-478<\/em> (42-56) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm yedi alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Perslerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi M\u00d6 550-494 <\/em>(44-45) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak Perslerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve Ionia\u2019da yer alan Miletos\u2019un i\u015fgali, Marathon Muharebesi M\u00d6 490<\/em> (46-47) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da Ion Ayaklan\u00admas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hellas\u2019ta ve Ege Denizi\u2019nde, Pers kara ordusu ve donanmas\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan Mara\u00adthon Sava\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sava\u015fa Do\u011fru M\u00d6 488-481<\/em> (48-49) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Persler ile Hellenler aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131, Atina\u2019da demokrasinin geli\u015fmesi ve Atina donanmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu anla\u00adt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Thermopylai: Leonidas ve \u2018300\u2019 Spartal\u0131 M\u00d6 480<\/em> (50-51) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Thermopy\u00adlai Sava\u015f\u0131, Salamis: Denizde Zafer M\u00d6 480<\/em> (52-53) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Salamis Sava\u015f\u0131; Plataia: Karada Zafer M\u00d6 479<\/em> (54-55) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Plataia Sava\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131da Zafer M\u00d6 480-474 <\/em>(56-57) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kartaca kentinin geni\u015flemesi ve Khimaira Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Hellen Sicil\u00adyas\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fanan refah d\u00f6nemine de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Zirvedeki Atina M\u00d6 478-431<\/em> (58-70) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde Atina\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 478-431 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcren alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. Sparta\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131, Atina\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc M\u00d6 479-478<\/em> (60-61) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Mykale Sa\u00adva\u00ad\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan (M\u00d6 479) sonra Pers i\u015fgalinden kurtulan Ionia kentleri, Atina\u2019n\u0131n yeniden tahkimi ve de Plataia Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n muzaffer komutan\u0131 Pausanias\u2019\u0131n vatana ihanetle su\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tap\u0131nakta a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmeye mahk\u00fbm edilmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Delos Birli\u011fi M\u00d6 478-460 <\/em>(62-63) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Atina\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan Delos Birli\u011fi\u2019ni, Demokrasinin Tamam\u00adlanmas\u0131 M\u00d6 462-458<\/em> (64-65) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa Areopagos Mahkemesi\u2019ni, bir propaganda arac\u0131 olarak tiyatro\u00adnun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Perikles taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan idari i\u015fleri anlatmaktad\u0131r. Birinci Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131 M\u00d6 460-446<\/em> (66-67) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atina ile Sparta aras\u0131ndaki Peloponnesos Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan sonra imzalanan 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015f\u00admas\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Tam Demokrasi: Atina Demokrasisinin Faaliyetleri<\/em> (68-69) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hellen halk meclislerinin rol\u00fc, Boule<\/em> ve Heliaia<\/em> organlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitimci Atina: \u0130deal \u015eehir<\/em> (70-71) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Persler taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lan Atina tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 anla\u00adt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7apl\u0131 Bir D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 M\u00d6 431-404<\/em> (72-86) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm yedi alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131<\/em> \u015feklinde nitelendirilen Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u00adla\u00adr\u0131\u2019na yer verilmektedir. Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131: K\u00f6kenler ve Sratejiler<\/em> (74-75) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem; Atina\u2019n\u0131n ve Sparta\u2019n\u0131n Stratejileri, Ku\u015fatma, Salg\u0131n Hastal\u0131k ve Ayaklanma M\u00d6 431-427<\/em> (76-77) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Plataia Ku\u015fatmas\u0131, Atina\u2019daki salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k, Lesbos Ayaklanmas\u0131; Sparta\u2019n\u0131n Yenilmesi M\u00d6 425-421<\/em> (78-79) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Pylos\u2019taki teslimiyet ve Thukydides\u2019in s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcne neden olan Amphipolis \u015fehrinin kaybedilmesi, sonras\u0131nda Brasidas\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ile imzalanan Nikias Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sahte Bir Bar\u0131\u015f M\u00d6 421-415 <\/em>(80-81) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Alkibi\u00adades\u2019in iktidara y\u00fckseli\u015fi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Kyklad adas\u0131 olan Melos\u2019un Atina taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131, Sicil\u00adya\u2019n\u0131n cazibe kazanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sicilya\u2019daki Felaket M\u00d6 415-413<\/em> (82-83) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atina\u2019n\u0131n 40000 askerine ve 200 gemisine mal olan Sicilya felaketi; Syrakousai\u2019dan Sonra Tepki ve Dirili\u015f M\u00d6 413-408<\/em> (84-85) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atinal\u0131lar\u0131n Syrakousai felaketinden sorumlu olanlara kar\u015f\u0131 tepki olarak isyan\u0131 ve demokrasinin yeniden kurulmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Atina \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc M\u00d6 408-404<\/em> (86-87) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Alkibiades\u2019in Atina\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Spartal\u0131lar ile son kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma ve nihayetinde Spartal\u0131lar\u0131n M\u00d6 Nisan 404\u2019te Atina\u2019ya muzaffer bir \u015fekilde girme\u00adleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunanlar: \u0130lk Bireyler M\u00d6 Y. 650-MS 147 <\/em>(88-110) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm on bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ay\u00adr\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde antik\u00e7a\u011f Hellen co\u011frafyas\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen bireylere yer verilmektedir. Solon: B\u00fcy\u00fck Bir Reformcu M\u00d6 Y. 640-558<\/em> (90-91) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atinal\u0131 Solon\u2019un giderek artan itibar\u0131 ve reformlar\u0131na; Faydal\u0131 Tiranlar Pittakos, Peisistratos ve Polykrates<\/em> (92-93) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en tiranlar ve iktidarlar\u0131 s\u00fcresince yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flere de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Demokrasi Taraftarlar\u0131 Kleisthe\u00adnes ve Themistokles<\/em> (94-95) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda demokrasinin babas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen Kleis\u00adt\u00adhenes ve Atina\u2019n\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak ifade edilen Themistokles\u2019e de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Perikles: \u00dcs\u00adt\u00fcn Bir Demokrat M\u00d6 Y. 495-429<\/em> (96-97) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atina mimarisinin hamisi Perikles ve y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015flar\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hezimete U\u011frayan Demokratlar: Alkibiades ve Demos\u00adthe\u00adnes<\/em> (98-99), \u0130stis\u00adnai Yunan Kad\u0131nlar\u0131: Artemisia, Olympias ve Aspasia<\/em> (100-101), S\u0131ra D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Spartal\u0131lar: Kleomenes ve Brasidas<\/em> (102-103), Z\u0131t Generaller: Kimon ve Epameinondas<\/em> (104-105), \u0130lk Tarih\u00e7iler: Herodotos ve Thukydides<\/em> (106-107), Daha sonraki Tarih\u00e7iler Ksenophon, Polybios ve Plutarkhos<\/em> (108-109), Siyaset\u00e7i Filozoflar Thales, Empedokles ve Demetrios<\/em> (110-111) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ki\u015filerin hayatlar\u0131na ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flere y\u00f6nelik bilgiler sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck M\u00fccadelesi M\u00d6 404-322<\/em> (112-130) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm sekiz alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f despotlar\u0131 destekleyen Sparta\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 Atina ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin tepkisi anla\u00adt\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Sparta\u2019n\u0131n \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: \u0130ktidar ve Yozla\u015fma M\u00d6 404-377<\/em> (114-115) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Spar\u00adta\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar, \u201con binlerin\u201d y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; Atina: Kriz ve Toparlanma M\u00d6 399-57<\/em> (116-117) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cOtuz Tiran\u201d d\u00f6nemi ve Atina\u2019n\u0131n birlik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ge\u00e7en 57 ifadesi ile M\u00d6 357 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Thebai: K\u0131sa Bir Hege\u00admonya M\u00d6 377-362<\/em> (118-119) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Leuktra Sava\u015f\u0131, Peloponnesos Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi, Messene\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu, Syrakousai \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu M\u00d6 411-337 <\/em>(120-123) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131ndaysa Syrakousai strategosu Dionysios\u2019un artan g\u00fcc\u00fc, Motya Ku\u015fatmas\u0131, Dion ve Dionysios, Timoleon\u2019un demokrasiyi yeniden kurmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z \u0130mparatorluklar: Iason ve Mau\u00adsollos<\/em> M\u00d6 375-353 <\/em>(124-125) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Pherail\u0131 Iason ve Karial\u0131 Mausollos; \u201cKutsal Sava\u015f\u201d M\u00d6 357-346 <\/em>(126-127) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Phokis\u2019in Delphoi\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesi, Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n zaferi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcc\u00fc Eline Ge\u00e7irmesi M\u00d6 359-336<\/em> (128-129) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda Philippos\u2019un yay\u0131lmac\u0131 siyaseti ve de Khaironeia Muharebesi, Klasik Yunan\u2019\u0131n Sonu M\u00d6 337-322<\/em> (130-131) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros ve Hellas, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler kararnamesi ve Lamia Sava\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ikinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak sunulan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ve Varisleri<\/em> (132-253) alt\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u00f6ncesinde ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm ile ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir giri\u015f met\u00adni bulunmaktad\u0131r (132-133).<\/p>\n

Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi M\u00d6 359-336<\/em> (134-144) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erken D\u00f6nemdeki Belirsizlikler M\u00d6 Y. 480-359<\/em> (136-137) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Olympos Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde, Makedonya\u2019da ya\u015fanan belirsizlikler d\u00f6nemi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. II. Philippos\u2019un G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Y\u00fckseli\u015fi M\u00d6 359-334<\/em> (138-139) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kral III. Perdikkas\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Philippos\u2019un kral olu\u015funa de\u011finilir. Yeni Bir Ordu ve Devlet: II. Philippos\u2019un H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> (140-141) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Makedonya monar\u015fisi ve birle\u015fik krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, Yunanistan Fatihi<\/em> (142-143) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda II. Philippos\u2019un Atina \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi ve Khaironeia Sava\u015f\u0131, Philippos: Zaferi ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em> (144-145) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da II. Philippos\u2019un Lakonia\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali ile Pausanias adl\u0131 gen\u00e7 bir muhaf\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7 \u0130skender M\u00d6 356-336 <\/em>(146-164) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sekizinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm yine sekiz alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fumu ve \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu M\u00d6 356-347 <\/em>(148-149) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un Temmuz M\u00d6 356\u2019da do\u011fumu; E\u011fitimi ve Gen\u00e7li\u011fi M\u00d6 346-340 <\/em>(150-151) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un gen\u00e7li\u011finde yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki Hephaistion ve \u00f6\u011fretmeni Aristoteles anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk Yetkileri ve Aile \u0130\u00e7i Tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/em> (152-153) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Khaironeia Sava\u015f\u0131, II. Philippos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc; Taht ve Yunanistan G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131nda M\u00d6 336-335 <\/em>(154-155) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un tahta ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve Thebai kentini almas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve G\u00fcc\u00fc M\u00d6 334 <\/em>(156-157) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un ordusu, Pers \u00fclkesine sald\u0131r\u0131 plan\u0131, Persler: Y\u0131k\u0131lmakta Olan Bir \u0130mparatorluk Muy\u00addu?<\/em> (158-159) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Satrap Ayaklanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Persler: G\u00fcc\u00fc ve Stratejisi M\u00d6 335-333<\/em> (160-161) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Pers ordusunun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve zay\u0131f y\u00f6nleri, III. Dareios\u2019un stratejik hatalar\u0131, Asya\u2019ya Ge\u00e7i\u015f M\u00d6 334<\/em> (162-163) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleks\u00adandros\u2019un Trakya \u00fczerinden \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na hareket etmesi, Zeus Suna\u011f\u0131\u2019nda efsanevi Troia kral\u0131 Priamos\u2019a dua etmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Zaferler M\u00d6 334-330<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 (164-182) dokuzuncu b\u00f6l\u00fcm de dokuz alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Granikos Zaferi M\u00d6 334 <\/em>(166-167) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Perslerin istilaya kar\u015f\u0131 cevaplar\u0131, Makedonlar\u0131n Granikos Zaferi; \u0130yonya\u2019n\u0131n Kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 M\u00d6 334-333<\/em> (168-169) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un Miletos\u2019u almas\u0131, Halikarnassos\u2019u ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ve Gordion D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kesmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Beklenmedik Bir M\u00fcdahale Issos M\u00d6 333<\/em> (170-171) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksand\u00adros\u2019un Issos Zaferi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 170. sayfada yer alan Aleksandros Mozai\u011fi\u2019nden al\u0131nan detay foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda; son Ahameni\u015f kral\u0131 II. Dareios<\/em> ifadesi ge\u00e7mekte ise de resmedi\u00adlen ki\u015finin III. Dareios oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Tyros Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 M\u00d6 332<\/em> (172-173) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eski Fenike \u015fehri Tyros\u2019un Makedonlar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sken\u00adderiye\u2019nin Kurulu\u015fu M\u00d6 332-331<\/em> (174-175) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurulu\u015fundan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Akdeniz\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri olacak \u0130skenderiye\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r: Siva\u2019ya Yolculuk M\u00d6 331<\/em> (176-177) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un Nil k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grupla Siva Vahas\u0131\u2019na yolculu\u011fu; B\u00fcy\u00fck Zafer: Gauga\u00admela M\u00d6 331<\/em> (178-179) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Gaugamela Sava\u015f\u0131, Makedon Zaferi ve III. Dare\u00adios\u2019un ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un Asya\u2019n\u0131n efendisi olarak selamlanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u00admakta\u00add\u0131r. Babil\u2019de M\u00d6 331<\/em> (180-181) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Babil\u2019e giren III. Aleksandros\u2019un Ba\u00adbil\u2019in \u00f6nde gelenleri taraf\u0131n\u00addan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131; Persepolis\u2019in Yok Edilmesi M\u00d6 331-330 <\/em>(182-183) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atinal\u0131 Thais\u2019in me\u015falesini Kserkses\u2019in y\u00fcz s\u00fctunlu salonuna f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan Persepolis\u2019in yok edili\u015f s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asya\u2019n\u0131n Efendisi M\u00d6 330-323<\/em> (184-201) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 onuncu b\u00f6l\u00fcm sekiz alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Per\u00adsepolis\u2019den Herat\u2019a M\u00d6 330-329<\/em> (186-187) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Dareios\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve III. Aleks\u00adandros\u2019un do\u011fuya gidi\u015fine ve de suikast komplosuna adlar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fan Philotas ve Parmenion\u2019un ak\u0131betlerine de\u011finilmektedir. Oksiana \u00dczerinden M\u00d6 329-328 <\/em>(188-189) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bessos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, III. Aleksandros\u2019un Semerkant\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131; Kayal\u0131klardaki Evlilik M\u00d6 327 <\/em>(190-191) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roksane ile Sagdia kayal\u0131klar\u0131nda evlenmesi; Hindistan: D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n Sonu M\u00d6 327-326 <\/em>(192-193) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Makedon ordusunun Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131, Hydaspes\u2019teki direni\u015f ve Po\u00adros\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131lan zafer anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Uzun S\u00fcren D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f M\u00d6 326-325 <\/em>(194-195) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un 800 gemi ile Hint Okyanusu\u2019nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolculu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00f6lde yol almas\u0131 ve Nearkhos ile bulu\u015fmas\u0131, Kral\u0131n Gazab\u0131 M\u00d6 324 <\/em>(196-197) III. Aleksandros\u2019un B\u00fcy\u00fck Kyros\u2019un ba\u015f\u00adkenti Pasargadai\u2019\u0131 ziyareti, Susa evlilikleri, ordunun yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son Y\u0131l\u0131 M\u00d6 323<\/em> (198-199) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un en eski dostu Hephaiston\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefer ve nihayetinde Babil\u2019de, 10 Haziran M\u00d6 323 tarihinde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130skender\u2019in Miras\u0131 Askeri Bir Deha <\/em>(200-201) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Helle\u00adnizm\u2019in yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve III. Aleksandros\u2019un a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Silahlar ve Z\u0131rhlar M\u00d6 Y. 2000 – MS 138 <\/em>(202-217) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm yedi alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Hoplit: T\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130lk \u00d6rne\u011fi Olan Yunan Askeri <\/em>(204-205) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Z\u0131rhlar, Hop\u00adlit\u00adler ve silahlar\u0131, S\u00fcvari ve Gayrinizami Birlikler: Atl\u0131lar, Sapanc\u0131lar ve Ok\u00e7ular<\/em> (206-207) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fcvariler ile di\u011fer sava\u015f unsurlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Acemiler ve Profesyoneller: Talim ve Nizam <\/em>(208-209) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Epheboslar, Sparta ordusunun yap\u0131s\u0131, Yunan Sava\u015f Gemileri: Pen\u00adte\u00adkon\u00adtoros\u2019lar ve Trieres\u2019ler <\/em>(210-211) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en gemiler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stih\u00adk\u00e2mlar ve Ku\u015fatmalar: Savunmadaki Geli\u015fmeler<\/em> (212-213) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk kaleler, g\u00f6zetleme bur\u00e7lar\u0131 ve istihk\u00e2m hatlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Manc\u0131n\u0131klar ve Ku\u015fatma Kuleleri: B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fczenekler<\/em> (214-215) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda burulmal\u0131 ve burulmas\u0131z manc\u0131n\u0131klar ile ku\u015fatma kuleleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mucizevi Yunan Silahlar\u0131: Filler ve Arkhimedes <\/em>(216-217) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fillerin sava\u015flarda kulla\u00adn\u0131m\u0131 ile Arkhimedes\u2019in icatlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130skender\u2019den Hadrianus\u2019a M\u00d6 323-MS 138 <\/em>(218-252) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm on yedi alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haleflerin Sava\u015flar\u0131 M\u00d6 323-275 <\/em>(220-221) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III. Aleksandros\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00f6rt krall\u0131k anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan Firavunlar\u0131: Ptolemaios M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 M\u00d6 322-200 <\/em>alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (222-223) Ptolemaioslar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r y\u00f6netimi; Sardes\u2019ten Semerkant\u2019a: Seleukoslar \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu M\u00d6 312-200 <\/em>(224-225) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Seleukeia\u2019n\u0131n Babil\u2019in yerini almas\u0131 ve ba\u015fkent Antiokheia, Makedonya ve Pergamon: Helenistik G\u00fc\u00e7ler <\/em>(226-227) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Antigonos ve halefleri, Pergamon \u015fehrinin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fudaki Yunanlar Baktria ve Hin\u00addistan M\u00d6 350-320<\/em> (228-229) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ayhan\u0131m Harabeleri, Yunan-Baktria Devleti, Hint-Yunanlar ile Demetrios ve varisleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Eski Yunan: Aitolia ve Akhaia Birlikleri M\u00d6 320-180<\/em> (230-231) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Aitolia Birli\u011fi, Akhaia Birli\u011fi; Atina ve Rhodos M\u00d6 323-170 <\/em>(232-233) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hellenlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve entelekt\u00fcel ba\u015fkenti Atina ve bir deniz cumhuriyeti olarak Rhodos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sparta\u2019da Devrim M\u00d6 244-192 <\/em>(234-235) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devrimci Agis ve son Sparta kral\u0131 Nabis; Bat\u0131 Yunanlar\u0131 M\u00d6 320-211 <\/em>(236-237) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Taranto ile Roma \u015fehirlerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda ittifak olmalar\u0131; Roma\u2019n\u0131n G\u00f6lgesi M\u00d6 220-188 <\/em>(238-239) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma taraf\u0131ndan Birinci Suriye Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sava\u015f ve etkileri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan\u2019\u0131n Esaret Alt\u0131na Al\u0131nmas\u0131 M\u00d6 188-146 <\/em>(240-241) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Makedonya Sava\u015f\u0131, Roma ve Akhaial\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ege\u2019de Karga\u015fa M\u00d6 150-80 <\/em>(242-243) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda korsanl\u0131k, vergi reformlar\u0131 ve yolsuzluk, Mithradates\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi, Atina\u2019n\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131; Y\u00f6neticilerin G\u00fcc\u00fc M\u00d6 84-42<\/em> (244-245) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sulla, Pompeius Magnus, bir sava\u015f meydan\u0131 olarak Hellas anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kleopatra ve Antonius M\u00d6 50-30 <\/em>(246-247) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda VII. Kleopatra\u2019n\u0131n Iulius Caesar ve Marcus Antonius ile ili\u015fkisi, Augustus ve Pax Romana M\u00d6 27-MS 14<\/em> (248-249) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Augustus\u2019un y\u00f6netimi, vergi reformlar\u0131 ve ya\u015fanan 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan-Roma Kayna\u015fmas\u0131: Cice\u00adro\u2019dan Hadrianus\u2019a M\u00d6 80-MS 138<\/em> (250-251) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda felsefe ve hitabet \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in Hellas\u2019a giden Cicero, ayr\u0131ca da Hellen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn imparatorlar Nero ve Hadrianus \u00fczerindeki etkisi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan\u2019\u0131n Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015fu: R\u00f6nesans ve Dirili\u015f <\/em>(252-253) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda R\u00f6\u00adnesans ve sonras\u0131nda Hellenizm\u2019in dirili\u015fi anlat\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Antik Yunan D\u00fcnyas\u0131 <\/em>(254-499) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci k\u0131s\u0131m Mimarl\u0131k ve Sanat<\/em> (264-376) ile Yunan Toplumu <\/em>(377-499) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu k\u0131sm\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bir Giri\u015f<\/em> (256-259) ve Zaman \u00c7izelgesi<\/em> (260-263) yer almaktad\u0131r. Mimarl\u0131k ve Sanat<\/em> (254-499) ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131kl\u0131 birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm, alt\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunan Mimarisinin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi <\/em>(264-292) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm on \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcmde, Hellen mimarisinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Minos Mimarisi M\u00d6 2000-1400<\/em> (268-269) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Minos mimarisi ve bu mimari anlay\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erisinde in\u015fa edilen ilk saraylar (Knos\u00adsos\u2019ta \u00c7ifte Balta Evi); Mykenai: Bir Kale Saray M\u00d6 1550-1100 <\/em>(270-271) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Mykenai kentinin kale-saray\u0131; Tiryns ve Pylos: Z\u0131t Saraylar M\u00d6 1500-1150<\/em> (272-273) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Peloponnesos\u2019un iki uzak ucunda bulunan iki z\u0131t saray Tiryns ve Nestor saraylar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar M\u00d6 1100-600<\/em> (274-275) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar ve kulla\u00adn\u0131lan yap\u0131 malzemeleri, Yunan Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu M\u00d6 600-530 <\/em>(276-277) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk Hellen tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu, triglyph<\/em>ler ve metope<\/em>lerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan Tap\u0131\u00adna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Geli\u015fimi M\u00d6 530-480 <\/em>(278-279) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Aphaia Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Neptunus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ve bat\u0131daki dev tap\u0131naklar; \u0130yon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 560-400 <\/em>(280-281) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk Ion tap\u0131naklar\u0131, Siphnos hazine binas\u0131 ve mermer yap\u0131lar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Parthenon: M\u00fckemmel Bir Tap\u0131nak<\/em> (282-283) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00d6 447\u2019de yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanan ve on y\u0131ldan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde tamamlanan Parthenon, Akropolis: Di\u011fer Tap\u0131naklar <\/em>(284-285) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atina Akropolisi etraf\u0131ndaki di\u011fer tap\u0131naklar, Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Di\u011fer Tap\u0131naklar\u0131 <\/em>(286-287) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Attika\u2019n\u0131n en ucundaki Sou\u00adnion\u2019da bulunan Poseidon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Peloponnesos Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda Apollon Epikouros Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130lk Tiyatrolar\u0131 <\/em>(288-289) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk Hellen tiyatrolar\u0131 ve Pelopon\u00adnesos Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki Epidauros Tiyatrosu; Stoalar ve Meclis Salonlar\u0131 <\/em>(290-291) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk stoa<\/em>lar, ekklesia<\/em> ve bouleuterion<\/em> salonlar\u0131; \u00d6zel M\u00fclkler <\/em>(292-293) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Akropolis\u2019in yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda, Olynthos ve Pompeii\u2019deki \u00f6zel m\u00fclk yap\u0131lar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat Bi\u00e7imleri ve Teknikleri <\/em>(294-305) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faat Malzemeleri<\/em> (296-297) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan in\u015faat malzemeleri olan terrakotta<\/em> ve ah\u015fap, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ve mermer anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 Nizam: Dor, \u0130yon ve Korinthos<\/em> (298-299) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00adda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131 \u00fcslubunun \u00f6zellikleri; \u0130n\u015faat Prosed\u00fcrleri ve Teknikleri<\/em> (300-301) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda bina yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan vin\u00e7ler, aletler ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kap\u0131lar, Surlar, Su Kaynak\u00adlar\u0131 ve Tersaneler <\/em>(302-303) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fehir surlar\u0131 ve bu surlar \u00fczerinde bulunan kap\u0131lar ile su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in elzem olan su kanallar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mimari \u00d6\u011feler: Kavramlar S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/em>(304-305) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise antik\u00e7a\u011f mimari kavramlar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yunan \u015eehirleri<\/em> (306-322) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm sekiz alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akropolis Tap\u0131\u00adnaklar\u0131<\/em> (308-309) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atina \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan ilk ta\u015f tap\u0131naklar ile Perikles\u2019in naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Atina\u2019daki Di\u011fer Binalar<\/em> (310-311) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda agora \u00e7evresi, an\u0131tlar ve Roma idaresinin Atina\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Olympia ve Epidauros: Me\u015fhur Kutsal Alanlar<\/em> (312-313) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Olympia\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201cOlimpiyat Oyunlar\u0131\u201d ve M\u00d6 V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kutsal bir yer olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Epidauros, Delphoi Kutsal Alan\u0131<\/em> (314-315) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Delphoi\u2019da uluslararas\u0131 itibar g\u00f6ren Apollon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Korinthos: Tica\u00adret ve L\u00fcks<\/em> (316-317) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00e2kim bir konumda olan Korinthos kenti, Pergamon ve Priene: Z\u0131t \u015eehirler<\/em> (318-319) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hellenistik bir kent olan Pergamon ve G\u00fcney Ionia\u2019daki Priene kenti anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Syrakousai ve Akragas: Sicilya \u015eehirleri <\/em>(320-321) alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ortygia Adas\u0131\u2019nda kurulan Syrakousai ve di\u011fer bir Sicilya kenti Akragas; Delos ve Ephesos: Farkl\u0131 Kaderler<\/em> (322-323) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orta Kyklad Adalar\u0131\u2019ndan Delos\u2019u ve Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Ion koloniciler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011fu bilinen Ephesos kenti anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Heykel<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm (324-354) on be\u015f alt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde Hellen hey\u00adkelcili\u011fi ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Minos ve Miken Heykelcili\u011fi<\/em> M\u00d6 1700-1100<\/em> (326-327) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6neme ait bo\u011fa ba\u015f\u0131 oymalar\u0131, sporcu ve tanr\u0131 fig\u00fcrleri, Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar ve Erken Antik D\u00f6nem M\u00d6 1100-700 <\/em>(328-329) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bronz d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc ve Olympia\u2019daki heykeller anla\u00adt\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r Etkisi: Ustal\u0131kla Yontulmu\u015f Heykeller M\u00d6 Y. 700-600<\/em> (330-331) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla abi\u00addevi M\u0131s\u0131r heykellerinin Hellenler \u00fczerindeki etkisi, Kouros<\/em> ve Koure<\/em> anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 6. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131 M\u00d6 Y. 600-490<\/em> (332-333) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ideal insan bi\u00e7imini ifade etmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00fcslubun geli\u015fimi; Klasisizm\u2019in \u015eafa\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 Y. 480-450<\/em> (334-335) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Riace bronz heykelleri, Del\u00adphoi Sava\u015f Arabac\u0131s\u0131 Heykeli anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 \u0130mgeleri <\/em>(336-337) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tanr\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcce ve antropomorfik olarak tasvir edilmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Pheidias, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Yontucusu M\u00d6 Y. 460-430<\/em> (338-339) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Polykleitos ve Myron M\u00d6. 460-420<\/em> (340-341) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00f6\u00adnem\u00adlerinin \u00f6nde gelen heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131plak Aphrodite Heykeli M\u00d6 Y.420-390<\/em> (342-343) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Esquiline Ven\u00fcs\u00fc ve M\u00d6 4.Y\u00fczy\u0131l Devrimi<\/em> (344-345) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Epidau\u00adroslu Timotheos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Praksiteles: Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 <\/em>(346-347) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla antik d\u00f6nem yazarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Pheidias ve Lysippos ile bir kabul edilen Praksiteles; Skopas: Co\u015fkunun Hey\u00adkel\u00adt\u0131ra\u015f\u0131 <\/em>(348-349) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla en derin tutkular\u0131n ifadesi \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fan Skopas anlat\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Lysippos: \u0130skender\u2019in Saray\u0131n\u0131n Heykelt\u0131ra\u015f\u0131 <\/em>(350-351) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Lysippos tara\u00adf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc heykel Apoksymenos ve Farnese Heraklesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Helenizm\u2019in Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 320-200<\/em> (352-353) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Belvedere Apollon\u2019u, Samothrake Nike heykeli, Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nem Helenistik Sanat M\u00d6 200-30 <\/em>(354-355) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Melos Venusu ve Pergamon Suna\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vazo Resimleri<\/em> (356-367) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm be\u015f alt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Vazolar\u0131 M\u00d6 1800-1100<\/em> (358-359) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Minos\u2019un alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Dendra Vazosu, Miken sanat\u0131n\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 Krateri; Proto-Geometrik ve Geometrik Sanat M\u00d6 Y. 1050-700<\/em> (360-361) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla geometri \u00f6ncesi, erken geometrik, orta geometrik ve ge\u00e7 geometrik d\u00f6nemler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fudan Gelen Fikirler M\u00d6 Y. 720-570<\/em> (362-363) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla Hellen sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Suriye\u2019den etkilenerek vazolara hayvan ve bitki motifleri \u00e7izmeye ba\u015fla\u00admas\u0131, Nessos ressam\u0131; Klasisizm ve Nat\u00fcralizm M\u00d6 570-480<\/em> (364-365) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da Eksekias Usta, Sosias\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kyliks<\/em> anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zirve ve Gerileme M\u00d6 480-340<\/em> (366-367) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla vazo sanat\u0131nda M\u00d6 IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan gerileme d\u00f6nemi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Duvar Resimleri ve Mozaikler<\/em> (368-377) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on sekizinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6rt alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Minos ve Miken Resmi M\u00d6 1700-1200<\/em> (370-371) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Minos saray freskleri, Miken sanat\u0131, Klasik Resim M\u00d6 480-320<\/em> (372-373) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, M\u00d6 IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ustalar\u0131 ve ilk mozaikler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Pompeii\u2019den Kalan: \u0130skender Mozai\u011fi <\/em>(374-375) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130skender Mozai\u011fi<\/em> ve Telephos\u2019un Bulunu\u015fu<\/em> resmi; Pastoral Manzaralar: Yunan-Roma Kayna\u015fmas\u0131 <\/em>(376-377) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Odysseia manzaralar\u0131 ile do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 mozaikleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunan Toplumu<\/em> (378-496) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm halinde sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Din ve Mitoloji <\/em>(380-402) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on dokuzuncu b\u00f6l\u00fcm on bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde antik\u00e7a\u011fda Hellen dini konusuna de\u011finilmektedir. On \u0130ki Olympos Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Zeus<\/em> (382-383) alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hellas\u2019\u0131n en kutsal da\u011f\u0131 Olympos\u2019un on iki mitolojik tanr\u0131s\u0131, kurbanlar, sunaklar ve di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hera ve Athena: Olympos Kraliyet Ailesi<\/em> (384-385) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Zeus, Zeus\u2019un ili\u015fkileri; Zeus\u2019un k\u0131z karde\u015fi ve zoraki e\u015fi Hera ile Zeus\u2019un aln\u0131ndan do\u011fan Athena; Apollon ve Artemis: Delos \u0130kizleri <\/em>(386-387) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Phoibos -\u0131\u015f\u0131k getiren- Apollon, a\u015fk ili\u015fki\u00adleri ve av tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 ikiz karde\u015fi Artemis anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Poseidon, Hermes ve Ares <\/em>(388-389) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Aphrodite, Eros ve Hephaistos<\/em> (390-391) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en tanr\u0131lar anlat\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Dionysos: Olympos\u2019un M\u00fccrim Tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/em> (392-393) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tiyatro tanr\u0131s\u0131, Bakkhai ve Maenadlar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gizemli K\u00fcltler: Orfizm ve Pythagoras\u00e7\u0131lar <\/em>(394-395) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hellenlerin ilk \u015fairleri olarak kabul ettikleri Orpheus ve Orfizm k\u00fclt\u00fc ile ilk kez filozof tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lan Pythagoras ve Pythagoras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hades ve Persephone: Yeralt\u0131 Tanr\u0131lar\u0131<\/em> (396-397) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131, Persephone\u2019nin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Eleusis gizemleri; Pan, Helios ve Herakles <\/em>(398-399) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en tanr\u0131lar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Festivaller, Kurbanlar, Ruhban ve k\u00e2hinler <\/em>(400-401) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Panathenaia Festivali ve ruhbanlar; Cenaze T\u00f6renleri ve \u00d6l\u00fclerin G\u00f6m\u00fclmesi <\/em>(400-401) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla cenazeler ve cenaze an\u0131tlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan t\u00f6renler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro<\/em> (404-414) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yirminci b\u00f6l\u00fcm be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Phrynikos ve Aiskhylos: Tragedyan\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi <\/em>(406-407) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen ilk oyun yazar\u0131 Phrynikos ile oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00adle\u00adme \u015feklinde yazan Aiskhylos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sophokles: Tragedya Ustas\u0131<\/em> (408-409) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcretken bir oyun yazar\u0131 olarak Sophokles; Euripides: Son Tragedya Yazar\u0131<\/em> (410-411) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Atina\u2019n\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck tragedya yazar\u0131 Euripides; Yunan Komedyas\u0131: Aristophanes ve Menandros<\/em> (412-413) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yazarlar; Yunan Tiyatrosunun \u0130\u00e7inde <\/em>(414-415) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ti\u00adyat\u00adronun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve oyuncular anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Edebiyat <\/em>(416-428) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yirmi birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Homeros Destan Us\u00adtas\u0131<\/em> (418-419) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Homeros\u2019un hayat\u0131 ile Ilias ve Odysseia destanlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hesiodos\u2019un Karanl\u0131k Tanr\u0131lar\u0131<\/em> (420-421) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hesiodos ve eserleri Theogonia, \u0130\u015fler ve G\u00fcn\u00adler ile di\u011fer \u015fiirleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ki, A\u015fk ve Sava\u015f: Lirik \u015eairler<\/em> (422-423) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Arkhi\u00adlokhos, Sappho ve Alkaios anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tiranlar ve Atletler: Sonraki Lirik \u015eairler <\/em>(424-425) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Anakreon, Simonides ve Bakkhylides ile Pindaros anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha Sonraki \u015ea\u00adirler ve Di\u011fer Yazarlar<\/em> (426-427) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Theokritos, Apollonios Rhodios, Kallimakhos ile Lydial\u0131 Pausanias anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Okuryazarl\u0131k, K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, Bilginler ve Par\u015f\u00f6men Tomarlar\u0131<\/em> (428-429) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla antik\u00e7a\u011fda ba\u015fl\u0131ca yaz\u0131 malzemesi olan papir\u00fcs, ilk k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve Hellen\u00adlerin okuryazarl\u0131k durumu anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Felsefe ve Bilim<\/em> (430-456) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yirmi ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm on \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yonlar D\u00fcn\u00adyan\u0131n \u0130lk Filozoflar\u0131<\/em> (432-433) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Thales, Anaksimandros, Pythagoras ve Ksenopha\u00adnes; Sokrates \u00d6ncesi Filozoflar<\/em> (434-435) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Heraklitos, Parmenides, Anaksagoras, Protogo\u00adras anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sokrates: \u00d6rnek Te\u015fkil Eden Filozof <\/em>(436-437) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Atinal\u0131 ilk filozof olan Sokrates anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Platon: En B\u00fcy\u00fck Filozof Muydu? <\/em>(438-439) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Sokra\u00adtes\u2019in \u00f6\u011frencisi Platon ve onun \u0130dealar Kuram\u0131<\/em> anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Aristoteles: Bilginin Efendisi <\/em>(440-441) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Aristoteles ve kurdu\u011fu Lykeion Okulu anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sokrates\u2019in Ayak \u0130zinde: Kynikler ve Skeptikler<\/em> (442-443) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kynik Diogenes ve septik Pyrrho; Rakip Okullar: Stoac\u0131lar ve Epikuros\u00e7ular<\/em> (444-445) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Stoac\u0131l\u0131k, Romal\u0131 stoac\u0131lar anlat\u0131lmak\u00adtad\u0131r. Pla\u00adtoncu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Dirili\u015fi: Plotinus ve Yeni Platoncular<\/em> (446-447) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc Plotinus ve yeni Platoncular, \u0130lk Matematik\u00e7iler <\/em>(448-449) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131y\u00adla erken d\u00f6nem matematik\u00e7ileri ve Eukleides ile Arkhimedes anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Astronomi: Evrenin Harita\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karmak<\/em> (450-451) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla klasik astronomi ile D\u00fcnya ve di\u011fer gezegenlerin G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen Samoslu Aristarkhos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Co\u011frafya: D\u00fcnya\u00adn\u0131n Harita\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karmak <\/em>(452-453) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hekataios ve \u0130skenderiyeli Ptolemaios\u2019un co\u011frafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00adlar\u0131; Teknoloji: Unutulmu\u015f Ba\u015far\u0131lar<\/em> (454-455) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Arkhimedes\u2019in vidal\u0131 pompas\u0131, \u0130sken\u00adderiyeli Heron ve onun icatlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131p: Bat\u0131l \u0130nan\u00e7lardan Bilime <\/em>(456-457) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla t\u0131bb\u0131n babas\u0131 Hippokrates ile b\u00fcy\u00fck sentezci Galenos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Atletizm ve Spor <\/em>(458-466) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yirmi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6rt alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Fes\u00adtivaller: Olimpiyatlar ve Di\u011fer Oyunlar<\/em> (460-461) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Zeus \u015ferefine d\u00fczenlenen Olimpi\u00adyat Oyunlar\u0131; Ko\u015fular ve Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 Yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/em> (462-463) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hoplit ko\u015fusu ve sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hafif ve A\u011f\u0131r Sporlar<\/em> (464-465) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla boks, g\u00fcre\u015f ve pen\u00adta\u00adthlon; Gymnasion ve Palaistra<\/em> (466-467) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla spor ve g\u00fcre\u015f salonlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f ve Bo\u015f Zaman <\/em>(468-499) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yirmi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm on d\u00f6rt alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7i\u00adler, \u00c7obanlar ve Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar <\/em>(470-471) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hellen \u00e7iftlikleri, temel tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcccarlar ve Ticaret Yollar\u0131<\/em> (472-473) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tah\u0131l ticareti ve ticaret yollar\u0131; \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilikten Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u0130\u015f Alanlar\u0131 ve Meslekler <\/em>(474-475) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla banker\u00adler, tefeciler ve s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir kalkan imalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Kephalos anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Birlikte \u0130\u00e7ki \u0130\u00e7mek: Sympo\u00adsion\u2019lar ve Barlar <\/em>(476-477) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6nemli bir sosyal etkinlik olan \u015f\u00f6lenler ve Symposiarkh\u00ados\u2019lar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan\u2019da Cinsellik: Davran\u0131\u015flar ve Tav\u0131rlar<\/em> (478-479) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hellen\u00adle\u00adrin cinselli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve \u2018a\u015fka\u2019 ili\u015fkin kavramlar; Heteroseks\u00fcel \u00c7o\u011funluk<\/em> (480-481) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla toplumdaki teke\u015fli evlilikler, metresler ve fahi\u015feler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yemek ve \u015earap <\/em>(482-483) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beslenmenin temel ta\u015flar\u0131 ve l\u00fcks bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak et t\u00fcketimi, me\u015fhur ve s\u0131radan \u015faraplar, Yurtta\u015flar ve Yabanc\u0131lar<\/em> (484-485) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hellen kent devletlerinde yurtta\u015flar ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6rev, sorumluluk ve haklar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6lelik: Ger\u00e7ekler ve Efsa\u00adneler<\/em> (486-487) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u00f6leli\u011fin bi\u00e7imleri, Sparta\u2019n\u0131n kendine has k\u00f6lelik bi\u00e7imi Heliot<\/em>lar anlat\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar ve De\u011fi\u015fken Stat\u00fcleri<\/em> (488-489) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Hellen d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal yeri, Aile ve Evlilik<\/em> (490-491) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla evlilik ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnler; \u00c7ocukluk ve E\u011fitim <\/em>(492-493) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve e\u011fitimleri, ilk \u00fcniversiteler, Giyim ve Sa\u00e7 Modelleri<\/em> (494-495) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla erkek ve kad\u0131n k\u0131yafetleri, g\u00f6zde sa\u00e7 ve sakal modelleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131n Sonu ve Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015fu<\/em> (496-499) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla M\u00d6 146\u2019da Romal\u0131 general Lucius Mummius\u2019un Korinthos\u2019u ya\u011fmalamas\u0131, \u015fehri tamamen yok edip halk\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmesi, Hellen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck hayranl\u0131k duyan Romal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n Hellenler ile ili\u015fkileri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben on sayfal\u0131k bir Dizin (500-511) ve iki sayfal\u0131k G\u00f6rsel Kaynak\u00e7a (511-512) sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Eserin ansiklopedik yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olarak i\u00e7eri\u011finin tematik ve d\u00f6nemsel tasnif edilmesi, son k\u0131s\u0131mda yer alan geni\u015f dizin ve dizinden ayr\u0131 olarak sunulan g\u00f6rsel kaynak\u00e7a okuyucunun eser\u00adden faydalanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca eserde sunulan g\u00f6rsel materyal zenginli\u011fi, ilgiyi s\u00fcrekli canl\u0131 tutmak suretiyle okuyucunun odaklanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. M\u00d6 ca<\/em>. 3000\u2019den MS 138 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin Hellen d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ba\u015fl\u0131ca siyasi ve toplumsal olaylar\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi bu eser, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn n\u00fcvesi olan Hellen antikitesinin miras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

B. Deniz AT\u0130LLA (MA) <\/strong>
\ndenizatilla@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>

<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/a>