{"id":8828,"date":"2025-11-17T14:40:47","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0347"},"modified":"2025-11-17T14:47:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:47:48","slug":"lbr-0347","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2025-en\/lbr-0347","title":{"rendered":"The Stone Memory of Space: Inscription\u2013Architecture Integration and Urban Memory Engineering in Phaselis"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"image_styled image_fit_mobile\" style=\"width:736px;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"image_frame effect-none\"><div class=\"image_shadow_wrap\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image_size_medium image_no_link\" title=\"\" href=\"#\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/strikingr\/images\/8825_lbr.202508-734x278.jpg\" data-thumbnail=\"8825\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n<h3>The Stone Memory of Space: Inscription\u2013Architecture Integration and Urban Memory Engineering in Phaselis<\/h3>\n<p><strong data-wp-editing=\"1\"><sub><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3003\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ORCID_mini.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" \/><\/sub><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0888-5531\"><strong data-wp-editing=\"1\">Ay\u015feg\u00fcl DURUKAN<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"two_third\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><em>LIBRI <\/em>XI (2025) 171-201<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Received Date<\/strong>: 07.10.2025 | \u00a0<strong>Acceptance Date<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> 10.11.2025<br \/>\n<strong>DOI: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/17627421\">10.5281\/zenodo.17627421<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Online Publication Date: <\/strong>17.11.2025<\/p>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"one_third last\"><div id=\"framed_box_23cfd38321fc01fc25d96b64d31d43f1\" class=\"framed_box\">\n\t<div class=\"framed_box_content\">\n\t\t\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-45\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lbr.202508.pdf\"><strong>Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" alt=\"info\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/><\/a> <b><a href=\"#refs\">References<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"framed_box_space\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study analyzes twenty-two inscriptions along the main street of ancient Phaselis, ap\u00adproach\u00ading them not solely as philological documents but as architectural components that structure urban memory. Guided by H. Lefebvre\u2019s concept of produced space and K. Lynch\u2019s theory of urban imagea\u00adbility, the anal\u00adysis examines whether the spatial relationship between inscription types and ar\u00adchitectural contexts reflects intentional civic strategies. Statistical evaluation reveals a clear hierarchy in architectural integration: impe\u00adrial dedications show structural incorporation at 66.7%, hon\u00adorific inscriptions at 25%, and ag\u00adonistic honors at 0%. Chronological clustering indicates that integration is con\u00adcentrated between 93 and 146 CE, reaching its peak during Hadrianus\u2019 syn\u00adchronized monumental pro\u00adgram in 130\/131 CE. These patterns demonstrate that epigraphic place\u00adment was shaped not only by local aesthetic or pragmatic considerations but also by broader imperial frameworks influenced by the stability of the <em>Pax Romana<\/em> and the public sphere of the Second So\u00adphistic. The study conceptualizes inscriptions as an interface that links memory, space, and civic rep\u00adresentation, showing that epigraphic documents functioned as active archi\u00adtectural agents within Ro\u00adman urban design. In doing so, it establishes a theo\u00adretical model for understanding how the epigraphic landscape of Phaselis participated in the production and perpetuation of urban memory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Phaselis, Architectural Epigraphy, Urban Memory, Spatial Practices, Civic Representation, Pax Romana<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00d6z: <\/strong>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, antik Phaselis\u2019in ana caddesi boyunca yer alan yirmi iki yaz\u0131t\u0131 yaln\u0131zca filolojik belgeler olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kentsel haf\u0131zay\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren mimari bile\u015fenler olarak incelemektedir. H. Le\u00adfebvre\u2019nin \u00fcretilmi\u015f mek\u00e2n kavram\u0131 ve K. Lynch\u2019in kentsel imaj kuram\u0131 do\u011frultusunda analiz, yaz\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00adleri ile mimari ba\u011flamlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin kas\u0131tl\u0131 sivil stratejileri yans\u0131t\u0131p yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u00admak\u00adtad\u0131r. \u0130sta\u00adtistiksel de\u011ferlendirme, mimari entegrasyonda belirgin bir hiyerar\u015fi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ster\u00admektedir: impara\u00adtor\u00adluk ithaflar\u0131 %66,7 oran\u0131nda yap\u0131sal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme sergilerken, onurland\u0131rma yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 %25 ve ago\u00adnistik yaz\u0131t\u00adlar %0 oran\u0131nda mimari ba\u011f kurmaktad\u0131r. Kronolojik k\u00fcme\u00adlenme, entegrasyo\u00adnun MS 93 ile 146 aras\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve MS 130\/131\u2019de Hadrianus\u2019un uyumlu an\u0131tsal program\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda zir\u00adveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu bulgular, yaz\u0131t yerle\u015fiminin yal\u00adn\u0131zca yerel estetik veya pragmatik tercih\u00adlerle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda <em>Pax Romana<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal istikrar ve \u0130kinci Sofistik D\u00f6\u00adnem\u2019in kamusal alan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi daha geni\u015f imparatorluk \u00e7er\u00e7eveleriyle \u015fekillendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 haf\u0131za, mek\u00e2n ve kamusal temsil aras\u0131nda bir aray\u00fcz olarak kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve epigrafik belgelerin Roma kent\u00adsel tasar\u0131\u00adm\u0131nda etkin mimari unsurlar olarak i\u015fledi\u011fini ortaya koymakta\u00add\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, Phase\u00adlis\u2019in epigra\u00adfik doku\u00adsunun kentsel haf\u0131zan\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fine nas\u0131l katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir kuramsal mo\u00addel geli\u015f\u00adtirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar s\u00f6zc\u00fckler:<\/strong> Phaselis, Mimari Epigrafi, Kentsel Bellek, Mek\u00e2nsal Pratikler, Kamusal Temsil, Pax Romana<\/p>\n<div class=\"divider_padding\"><\/div>\n<p><a name=\"refs\"><\/a><div class=\"tabs_container\"><ul class=\"tabs\"><li><a href=\"#\">References<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Direct Link<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">About Author(s)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"panes\"><div class=\"pane\"><p>Adak M., N. T\u00fcner \u00d6nen &amp; S. \u015eahin 2005, \u201cNeue Inschriften aus Phaselis I\u201d. <em>Gephyra<\/em> 2, 1-20.<\/p>\n<p>Ak\u00e7ay A. 2021, <em>Arkeolojik Alanlarda Yerinde Sergileme Kavram\u0131: Phaselis Hadrianus Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/em>. Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi. Ankara.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; Ak\u00e7ay A. 2022, \u201cPhaselis Hadrianus Kap\u0131s\u0131: Belgeleme, Koruma, Sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rma ve Yerinde Sergileme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> VIII, 179-196.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2016, \u201cPhaselis\u201d. Eds. H. \u0130\u015fkan &amp; E. D\u00fcndar, <em>Lukka\u2019dan Likya\u2019ya. Sarpedon ve Aziz Nikolaos\u2019un \u00dclkesi<\/em>. \u0130stanbul, 300-317.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2018, \u201cPhaselis, 2017 Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Kaz\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> IV, 295-323.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2019a, \u201cPhaselis Kenti\u2019nde 2018 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Kaz\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> V, 43-83.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2019b, \u201cPhaselis Kenti\u2019nde 2019 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Kaz\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> V, 425-463.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2020, \u201cPhaselis 2020 Y\u0131l\u0131 Kaz\u0131 ve Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> VI, 251-276.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2021, \u201cPhaselis 2021 Y\u0131l\u0131 Kaz\u0131 ve Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> VII, 147-190.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2022, \u201c2022 Y\u0131l\u0131 Phaselis Kaz\u0131lar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> VIII, 247-265.<\/p>\n<p>Arslan M. &amp; T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2023, \u201c2023 Y\u0131l\u0131 Phaselis Kaz\u0131lar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> IX, 107-148.<\/p>\n<p>Barth J. 1850, <em>Reise in Kleinasien und n\u00f6rdlichen Syrien<\/em>. Berlin.<\/p>\n<p>Beaufort F. 1818\u00b2, <em>Karamania or a Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and of the Remains of Antiquity<\/em>. London.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e9rard V. 1892, \u201cInscriptions d\u2019Asie Mineure (2)\u201d. <em>BCH<\/em> XVI, 417-446.<\/p>\n<p>Blackman D. J. 1981, \u201cThe Inscriptions\u201d. Ed. J. Sch\u00e4fer, <em>Phaselis: Beitr\u00e4ge zur Topographie und Geschichte der Stadt und ihrer H\u00e4fen<\/em>. T\u00fcbingen, 138\u2013163.<\/p>\n<p>Bodel J. 2010, \u201cEpigraphy\u201d. Eds. A. Barchiesi &amp; W. Scheidel, <em>The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies<\/em>. Oxford, 107-122.<\/p>\n<p>Doukellis P. N. 2007, \u201cHadrian\u2019s Panhellenion: A Network of Cities?\u201d. <em>Mediterranean Historical Review<\/em> 22\/2, 291-304.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcrr J. 1881, <em>Reisen des Kaisers Hadrianus<\/em>. Wien.<\/p>\n<p>Evangelidis V. 2008, \u201cThe Architecture of the Imperial Cult in the Agoras of the Greek Cities\u201d. <em>Egnatia<\/em> 12, 125-144.<\/p>\n<p>Fellows Ch. 1975, <em>Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, more particularly in Lycia<\/em>. Hildesheim &amp; New York.<\/p>\n<p>Gardner E. A. 1885, \u201cInscription Copied by Cockerell in Grecee-II\u201d. <em>JHS<\/em> 6, 340\u2013363.<\/p>\n<p>Jackson Williams M. 2020, \u201cEpigraphy and the Built Environment: Rethinking Text\u2013Image\u2013Surroundings\u201d. <em>Word &amp; Image<\/em> 36-1, 1-15.<\/p>\n<p>Karahan T. 2021, \u201cPhaselis\u2019in Devlet Agoras\u0131: Tetragonal Agora\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> VII, 55-71.<\/p>\n<p>Kinney D. 1997, \u201cSpolia. Damnatio and Renovatio Memoriae\u201d. <em>Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome<\/em> 42, 117-148.<\/p>\n<p>Kumler A. 2023, \u201cWriting on the World beyond the Page: Medieval Inscriptions as Facta and Ficta\u201d. <em>Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift f\u00fcr Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte<\/em> 97, 447\u2013484. Doi: 10.1007\/s41245-023-00196-8.<\/p>\n<p>Laum B. 1914, <em>St\u00e4dtisches und staatliches M\u00fcnzwesen der Griechen bis auf Alexander den Gro\u00dfen<\/em>. Leipzig.<\/p>\n<p>Lefebvre H. 1991, <em>The Production of Space<\/em>. Oxford &amp; Cambridge.<\/p>\n<p>Lynch K. 1960, <em>The Image of the City<\/em>. Cambridge.<\/p>\n<p>Norberg-Schulz C. 1976, <em>Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture<\/em>. New York.<\/p>\n<p>Roncaglia C. E. 2014, \u201c\u2018Pliny Country\u2019 Revisited: Connectivity and Regionalism in Roman Italy\u201d. Eds. J. Bodel &amp; N. Dimitrova, <em>Ancient Documents and Their Contexts: First North American Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy<\/em>. Leiden &amp; Boston, 191-212.<\/p>\n<p>Rossi I. 2020, \u201cQualitative and quantitative approaches in digital epigraphy\u201d. <em>Archeologia e Calcolatori<\/em> 31\/2, 145-156.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eahin S. 1999, \u201cEMA I: Inschriften aus Pamphylien und Lykien\u201d. <em>EA<\/em> 31, 40\u201352.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2008, <em>Phaselis Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu<\/em>. Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi. Antalya.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2013, \u201cHadrian\u2019s Travels in the Eastern Mediterranean Based on New Inscriptions from Phaselis\u201d. <em>Adalya<\/em> XVI, 93-106.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcner \u00d6nen N. 2015, \u201cYeni Buluntular I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Phaselis Epigrafi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d. <em>Phaselis<\/em> I, 19-38.<\/p>\n<p>van Buren A. W. 1908, \u201cInscriptions from Asia Minor, Cyprus and the Cyrenaica\u201d. <em>JHS<\/em> 28, 180-201.<\/p>\n<p>Walpole R. 1820, <em>Travels in Various Countries of the East: Being a Continuation of Memoirs Relating to European and Asiatic Turkey<\/em>. London.<\/p>\n<p>Weber W. 1907, <em>Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrianus<\/em>. Leipzig..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2025-en\/lbr-0347\">http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2025\/lbr-0347<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ay\u015feg\u00fcl DURUKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Assoc. Dr., Akdeniz University, Interior Architecture Department, Antalya\/T\u00fcrkiye.<a href=\"mailto:ayseguldurukan@akdeniz.edu.tr\"> ayseguldurukan@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Stone Memory of Space: Inscription\u2013Architecture Integration and Urban Memory Engineering in Phaselis Ay\u015feg\u00fcl DURUKAN Abstract: This study analyzes twenty-two inscriptions along the main street of ancient Phaselis, ap\u00adproach\u00ading them not solely as philological documents but as architectural components that structure urban memory. Guided by H. Lefebvre\u2019s concept of produced space and K. Lynch\u2019s theory &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8826,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2025-en","category-epigraphy-25"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8828"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8835,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828\/revisions\/8835"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}