{"id":7513,"date":"2022-04-06T20:23:19","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/?p=7513"},"modified":"2022-04-06T20:24:30","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:24:30","slug":"lbr-0317","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2022-en\/lbr-0317","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ok Arkada\u015fa Sahip Olmak Hakk\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n

Plutarkhos, \u00c7ok Arkada\u015fa Sahip Olmak Hakk\u0131nda<\/em><\/h2>\n

Translator: \"\"<\/sub><\/strong><\/a> Nurg\u00fcl SARA\u00c7O\u011eLU<\/a><\/h3>\n
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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> VIII (2022) 53-63<\/strong>
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 12.06.2021 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 04.11.2021
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 06.04.2022<\/p>\n

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\"pdf\" Get PDF <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"references\" View PDF <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"<\/a> Citation<\/a>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

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Plutarkhos, \u00c7ok Arkada\u015fa Sahip Olmak Hakk\u0131nda<\/em>. \u00c7ev. N. Sara\u00e7o\u011flu. Libri VIII (2022) 53-63.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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I. \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f18\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd<\/p>\n

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\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f02\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u1fc3 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd.<\/p>\n

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\u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u2019 \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2
\n\u1f04\u03b3\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u1f21\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u1fb3 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fb7
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\u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03c8\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f14\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd. [2] \u03a0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c6\u2019 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f23\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f10\u03bd \u1fa7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b6\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u0398\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f48\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a6\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0394\u03ac\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f18\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. [3] \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f21 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b6\u1ff7\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u1ff6\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f21\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f22 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. [4] \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u2019 \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. [5] \u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2; [6] \u03b5\u1f54\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f67\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2. [7] \u1f45\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f70\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u1fe5\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03c5\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. [8] \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b6\u1ff4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03bc\u03c6\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f4d\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03bd \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u201c\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd,\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u2019 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u2019 \u1f14\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n

III. \u03a4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u201c\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u201d \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u2019 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u201c\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2\u201d \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c8\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f01\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1f7c\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03be \u1f22 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. [2] \u1f18\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21\u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u1f7a\u03bd \u1f44\u03c7\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd B\u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. [3] \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f41\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03bf\u1f54\u03b8\u2019 \u03b1\u1f57\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. [4] \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f21 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u1f74 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f21\u03b4\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd (\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f03 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2), \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f67\u03bd \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u2019 \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd<\/p>\n

\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f56 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd,
\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f04\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n

[5] \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f15\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9
\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f54\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n

[6] \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f22 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd. [7] \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f37\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u1fc6\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u1f72\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f22 \u03b2\u03af\u1fb3 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u2019 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5.<\/p>\n

IV. \u0394\u03b9\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1fe5\u1fb3\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03be\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd. \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1fe5\u1fb3\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f01\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd. [2] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f04\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd. [3] \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03be\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n

V. \u1f6d\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f41 \u0396\u03b5\u1fe6\u03be\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2, \u201c\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1ff6,\u201d \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd, \u201c\u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd,\u201d \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u1ff4\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd. [2] \u1f06\u03c1\u2019 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f22 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f00\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd; [3] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f50 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd
\n\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f11\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd.<\/p>\n

[4] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f48\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf
\n\u1f04\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b5,
\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03b3\u2019 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5.<\/p>\n

[5] \u03c4\u03bf\u1f50\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f14\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f21 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd. [6] \u1f21 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/p>\n

\u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f45\u03c4\u2019 \u1f40\u03c0\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5<\/p>\n

\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u1f18\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f21 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b7\u03be\u03b9\u03bd), \u1f21 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u1fb7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9. [7] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b5\u1f54\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd.<\/p>\n

[8] \u201c\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u201d \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u201c\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7\u201d<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f41\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f35 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9.<\/p>\n

VI. \u039a\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u1f04\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f26 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f26 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f22 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2. [2] \u1f02\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f11\u03bd\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u1ff7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u1f22 \u1f00\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd,<\/p>\n

\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03ad\u03bc\u1fc3,
\n\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n

\u1f21 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. [3] \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03ae\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f04\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f11\u03bd\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u00b7<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b8\u2019 \u1f21\u03b4\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n

[4] \u039a\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1fe5\u1fb3\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u201c\u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u201d \u201c\u1f20\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1.\u201d [5] \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u201c\u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u1ff3,\u201d \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u201c\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u2019 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u03b5\u1f36\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u201d \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 E\u03bf\u1f50 \u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03bd. [6] \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f03 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f02 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd. [7] \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f41 \u0392\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03c5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd. [8] \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u1fc3 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p>\n

\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2
\n\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9
\n\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc6\u03c2,
\n\u03b5\u1f54\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd,
\n\u1f00\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u2019 \u1f64\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03be\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9,
\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u1f7c\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd.<\/p>\n

[9] \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd, \u1f66 \u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u201c\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u201d \u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u201c\u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc6\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f54\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u201d \u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c1\u03b3\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u201c\u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03bd,\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f13\u03bd\u2019 \u1f04\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f96 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1, \u1f67\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u1fb6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd. [10] \u03a4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03c2, \u1f43\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u201c\u1f14\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2,\u201d \u1f14\u03c6\u03b7, \u201c\u03c3\u1f7a \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd.\u201d [11] \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7<\/p>\n

VII. \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. [2] \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f41 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5<\/p>\n

\u03c3\u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c6\u1fc6\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<\/p>\n

\u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. [3] \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2. [4] \u1f45\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f08\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f02 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u0394\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b7\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. [5] \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u039a\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f41 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f60\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u1fe6\u03c1 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9. [6] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f61\u03c2 \u0398\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u1ff3<\/p>\n

\u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f14\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2,<\/p>\n

\u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff7 \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41 \u0398\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f30\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n

VIII. \u1f4d\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u1fc6\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u2019 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03be\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2. [2] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u1fb3 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd. [3] \u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f04\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f00\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u2019 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f50\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f37\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f24\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd; [4] \u1f21 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f40\u03be\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f01\u03bc\u03c9\u03c3\u03b3\u03ad\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f10\u03be \u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u1fc3\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9.<\/p>\n

IX. \u03a4\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u1fb6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/p>\n

\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f34\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f43\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u1fc3,
\n\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f41\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f30\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7;<\/p>\n

[2] \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f24\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. [3] \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u03b5\u1f50\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b3\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f30\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f24\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. [4] \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f55\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u1f51\u03c6\u2019 \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u1f72 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f56\u03b8\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03b3\u03c1\u1f70\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1fe5\u1fb3\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd. [5] \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f21 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f26\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3\u00b7\u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

I. Sokrates, s\u00f6z sanat\u0131nda iyi e\u011fitildi\u011fini (yeterince tecr\u00fcbe kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) ve dahas\u0131 Empedokles ta\u00adraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenen c\u00fcmleye (atfederek)<\/p>\n

Bilgeli\u011fin en y\u00fcksek noktalar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen<\/p>\n

Menon\u2019a, erdemin ne oldu\u011funu sordu. O ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden ve derhal bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa, bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya, bir erke\u011fe ve kad\u0131na, bir y\u00f6neticiye, s\u0131radan bir yurtta\u015fa, bir efendiye ve bir hizmetkara uygun bir erdem oldu\u011fu cevab\u0131n\u0131 verince, Sokrates, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde de\u011fil, bu adam\u0131n hi\u00e7bir erdemi bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok isim verdi\u011fine karar vererek, \u201csana tek bir erdem soruldu\u011funda erdemler kovan\u0131na \u00e7omak soktu\u011fun i\u00e7in, aferin\u201d dedi. [2] Herhangi biri, hen\u00fcz daimi olarak tek bir dost dahi edine\u00admemi\u015fken fark etmeden \u00e7ok say\u0131da dostun aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmekten korktu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in bizimle ger\u00e7ek\u00adten alay edebilir mi? [3] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcz kollu Briareus ya da her \u015feyi g\u00f6ren Argos\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekten kor\u00adkan, sakat ve k\u00f6r bir adamdan pek farkl\u0131 de\u011filiz. [4] Yine de, Menandros\u2019taki (oyunundaki) deli\u00adkanl\u0131y\u0131, her bir iyi adam\u0131, \u201ce\u011fer bir arkada\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6lgesine sahipse\u201d, son derece hayran olunas\u0131 biri olarak addetti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6veriz.<\/p>\n

II. Pek \u00e7ok di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda pek az dostluk kurmam\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir engel de \u00e7ok dosta sahip olma iste\u011fidir, t\u0131pk\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k pek \u00e7oklar\u0131na daha \u00f6ncekiler \u00fczerinde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaya muktedir olamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sar\u0131lmay\u0131 \u00f6nemsemeyen ve (onlardan) uzakla\u015fan ars\u0131z kad\u0131nlar gibi;<\/p>\n

Ya da dahas\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 \u00e7imenli\u011fe oturup birinin \u00fcst\u00fcne di\u011ferini kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ho\u015fnut olan bir ruhta a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olarak \u00e7i\u00e7eklerden ganimet toplayan Hypsipyle\u2019nin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi (\u00f6\u011frencisi) gibi,<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden her zaman taze ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7an (gen\u00e7li\u011finin zirvesinde olan) biri, yenili\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve titizli\u011finden dolay\u0131 her birimizi cezbeder ve de pek \u00e7ok ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sonsuz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 dost\u00adluk ve samimiyet olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenleri, tutkuyla takip edilince ele ge\u00e7irilen \u015feyin taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7enlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. [2] O halde ilk olarak, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan sa\u011flam dostluklar \u00fczerine bize b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylence\u00adden ba\u015flayarak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle birlikte kadim ve eski zamanlar\u0131n \u015fahidi ve dan\u0131\u015fman olarak alal\u0131m ki onun i\u00e7inde dostlu\u011fun \u00e7ift e\u015flili\u011fine uygun (dost \u00e7iftler) olarak, Theseus ve Peirithous, Akhilleus ve Patroklos, Orestes ve Pylades, Phintias ve Damon, Epameinondas ve Pelopidas an\u0131l\u0131r. [3] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dostluk yolda\u015f (arayan) bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r; ne s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde hareket eden (karga) ne de birlikte g\u00fcd\u00fclen (s\u0131\u011f\u0131r) gibidir. Arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 (kendisinin) di\u011fer benli\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rmek ve dostunu di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rmak bir anlam ifade etmez, ya da dostlar\u0131 \u00e7ift olarak edinenlerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle de (ilgili de\u011fil\u00addir). [4] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc az bir bedelle ne \u00e7ok k\u00f6le ne de \u00e7ok arkada\u015f elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. [5] O zaman arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedeli nedir? [6] \u0130yi niyet ve erdemle birlikte minnet, \u00f6yle ki do\u011fada bunlardan daha ender rastlanan bir \u015fey yoktur. [7] Bu sebepten \u00e7ok sevmek ve pek \u00e7oklar\u0131yla arkada\u015fl\u0131k etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bilakis t\u0131pk\u0131 pek \u00e7ok dallara ve kanallara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in zay\u0131f ve ince akan ne\u00adhirler gibi, b\u00f6ylece ruhunda (\u00f6z\u00fcnde) \u00e7ok sevmek, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrse tamamen zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fer. [8] Canl\u0131lardan tek \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olanlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk sevgisinin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi de budur. Homeros da sevilen bir o\u011flu \u201cbiricik g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r; bu durum, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmayan ya da olmayacak ebeveynler i\u00e7in de s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

III. Arkada\u015f\u0131n \u201cbiricik\u201d olmas\u0131n\u0131 da do\u011fru bulamay\u0131z, di\u011ferleri yan\u0131nda \u201cbiricik \u00e7ocuk\u201d ve \u201cge\u00e7 do\u00ad\u011fan\u201d zaman i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli bahsi ge\u00e7en \u015fu bir medimnos tuzu birlikte yemi\u015f olmal\u0131; \u015fimdilerde sadece bir kere i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ip ya da top oynay\u0131p, birlikte zar att\u0131klar\u0131 ya da geceyi birlikte ge\u00e7irdikleri i\u00e7in arkada\u015f diye an\u0131lan pek \u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n bir handan, gymnasion\u2019dan ya da agoradan arkada\u015f toplad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi de\u011fildir. [2] Zenginlerin ve y\u00f6neticilerin evlerinde, selamlar\u0131n\u0131 sunanlar\u0131n ve el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ve muhaf\u0131z olarak kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6renler \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olanlar\u0131 mutlu olarak ka\u00adbul ederler. [3] Asl\u0131nda onlar\u0131n mutfaklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha fazla sinek g\u00f6rebilirler. Fa\u00adkat ne g\u00fczel ye\u00admekler bitince onlar (sinekler) ne de menfaat bitince o ki\u015filer yanlar\u0131nda kal\u0131rlar. [4] Fakat ger\u00e7ek arkada\u015fl\u0131k en \u00e7ok (\u015fu) \u00fc\u00e7 \u015feyi arar: iyi bir \u015fey olarak erdemi, ho\u015f bir \u015fey olarak samimiyeti, gerekli bir \u015fey olarak ise menfaati (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc muhakeme ettikten sonra kabul etmeli, bir\u00adlikte oldu\u011funda memnun olmal\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funda da (ondan) yararlanmal\u0131; t\u00fcm bunlar \u00e7ok ar\u00adkada\u015fa sahip olmaya mani olan \u015feylerdir, fakat bilhassa muhakeme (\u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olma ko\u00adnusunda) en \u00f6nemli \u015feydir); bu du\u00adrumda ilk etapta birlikte dans edecek olan dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, birlikte k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekecek olan k\u00fcrek\u00e7ileri, m\u00fclkle\u00adrin koruyucular\u0131 ya da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitmeni olacak hizmet\u00adkarlar\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda test etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mevki u\u011f\u00adruna yap\u0131lacak yar\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in soyunacak olan pek \u00e7ok dostu da ayr\u0131ca (de\u011ferlendirmeli),<\/p>\n

ki onlardan her biri iyi bir i\u015f yap\u0131nca kendisini ortaya koyar
\nhem de talihsizli\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi s\u0131zlanmaz.<\/p>\n

[5] Zira ne bir gemi b\u00f6ylesi b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131rt\u0131nalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda denize indirilir ne de kaleleri i\u00e7in duvarlar, liman\u00adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de bentler ve hendekler yapanlar b\u00f6ylesi b\u00fcy\u00fck ve deh\u015fetengiz tehlikeleri \u00fcstlenirler, dostluk ise do\u011fru ve kesin bir \u015fekilde denenmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan b\u00f6ylesi \u015feylerden ka\u00e7acak bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak ve yard\u0131m vaat eder. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 denenmemelerine ald\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sonras\u0131nda de\u011fersiz bozuk para gibi (oldukla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131) tecr\u00fcbe ederken;<\/p>\n

(B\u00f6ylesi dostluklardan) yoksun olanlar bayram ederler,
\nSahip olanlar ise ka\u00e7\u0131p kurtulmak i\u00e7in dua ederler.<\/p>\n

[6] Bu zor bir i\u015ftir, ka\u00e7mak ya da ho\u015fa gitmeyen arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rakmak da kolay de\u011fildir. [7] Fakat b\u00f6ylesi bir \u015fey t\u0131pk\u0131 zararl\u0131 ve rahats\u0131z edici bir yemek gibi ne s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve zarar vermeden tutulabilir ne de al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde at\u0131labilir; bilakis kar\u0131\u015farak i\u011fren\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc ve tuhaf bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden ahlaks\u0131z bir arkada\u015f ya ac\u0131 ve zarar vermeye neden olur ya da o ki\u015fi nefret ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131kla safra gibi zorla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IV. Bu sebepten ne kolayca kabul etmek ne kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ki\u015filere yap\u0131\u015fmak ne de hemen pe\u015fimizden ko\u015fanlar\u0131 arkada\u015f edinmek gerekir; bilakis arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011fa lay\u0131k olanlar\u0131n pe\u015finden gitmek gerekir. [2] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015fekilde kolay elde edilen bir \u015fey tercih edilmemelidir. Zira yaln\u0131zca bizi yakalayan dikenli dal ve b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlen \u00e7al\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcp \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 ve asmaya do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fc\u00ady\u00fcp gide\u00adbiliriz. [3] Bundan dolay\u0131 her zaman kay\u0131ts\u0131zca kucak a\u00e7an ki\u015finin yak\u0131n dost yap\u0131lma\u00admas\u0131; daha ziyade bizlerin (haklar\u0131nda) tahkikat yapt\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131za de\u011fecek ve yararl\u0131 olanlar\u0131yla kucakla\u015fma\u00adm\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

V. T\u0131pk\u0131 birileri onu yava\u015f resim yapmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Zeuksis\u2019in[v] \u201cuzun zamanda \u00e7izdi\u011fimi kabul edi\u00adyorum, zira uzun s\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d dedi\u011fi gibi, dostlu\u011fu ve samimiyeti uzun s\u00fcre de\u011ferlendirdikten sonra be\u00adnimseyip korumak gerekir. [2] \u00c7ok say\u0131da arkada\u015f\u0131 tartmak kolay de\u011filken, ayn\u0131 zamanda pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyle birlikte olmak ise kolay m\u0131d\u0131r ya da bu imkans\u0131z m\u0131d\u0131r? [3] Ger\u00e7ekten dostlu\u011fun samimiyeti memnunluk vericidir ve en ho\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 da birlikte olmakta ve g\u00fcn\u00fc birlikte ge\u00e7irmekte\u00addir;<\/p>\n

Hayattaykenki gibi bir daha sevgili dostlardan uzakta
\noturup dan\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131z (birbirimize).<\/p>\n

[4] Menelaos\u2019un Odysseus hakk\u0131nda (s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi);<\/p>\n

Bizi ay\u0131racak ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktu hem birbirimizi sevip hem de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 e\u011flenirken ta ki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kara bulutu bizi sarana kadar.<\/p>\n

[5] Art\u0131k \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olmak diye an\u0131lan \u015feyin tersi anlama geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. [6] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc (dostluk), t\u0131pk\u0131 incir suyunun beyaz s\u00fct\u00fc ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, birliktelikle ve iyi niyetle yo\u011fun\u00adla\u015ft\u0131rarak, (onlar\u0131) bir araya getirir, birlikte tutar ve korur (s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr). Empedokles\u2019e g\u00f6re; (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dostluk b\u00f6yle bir birliktelik ve \u00e7er\u00e7eve kurmay\u0131 ister) \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olmak ise bir yandan birini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p di\u011fer yandan di\u011ferini g\u00f6ndermeyle, bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bir form alan samimiyetin i\u00e7erisindeki iyi niyetlerin kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermeyerek ay\u0131r\u0131r, kopar\u0131r ve uzakla\u015f\u00adt\u0131r\u0131r. [7] Bu ise hemen yard\u0131mlar hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fczensizli\u011fi ve mahcubiyeti ortaya atar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dost\u00adlu\u011fun faydalar\u0131 \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olmak y\u00fcz\u00fcnden elveri\u015fsiz hale geliyor.<\/p>\n

[8] \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer erkeklerin \u00f6zeni, ba\u015fka davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne bizim do\u011fam\u0131z ayn\u0131 yolculuklara e\u011filim g\u00f6sterir ne de biz her zaman ayn\u0131 kaderi ya\u015far\u0131z. Hem de talihin ko\u015fullar\u0131, r\u00fczgarlar gibi, birilerine yard\u0131m ederken, di\u011ferlerine engel koyar.<\/p>\n

VI. Do\u011frusu t\u00fcm arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z ayn\u0131 zamanda ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri isteseler bile, hem tavsiye isteyenleri hem devlet y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 hem onura kavu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 hem de misafir olarak kar\u015f\u0131\u00adlanmak isteyenlerin hepsini memnun etmek zor olurdu. [2] Ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 etkinlikler ve dene\u00adyimlerle me\u015fgul olurlarsa ve ayn\u0131 zamanda gemi yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015fi birlikte yolculuk yapmak i\u00e7in, yarg\u0131lanan ki\u015fi davay\u0131 savunmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in, yarg\u0131layan ki\u015fi ise birlikte h\u00fck\u00fcm ver\u00admek i\u00e7in, bir \u015fey alan ya da satan ki\u015fi ise birlikte y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in, evlenen ki\u015fi ise birlikte kurban sunmak i\u00e7in, (bir yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131) g\u00f6men ki\u015fi ise \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rsa,<\/p>\n

Kent (neredeyse) t\u00fcts\u00fclerle dolarken,
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olma da ilahiler ve de figanlarla.<\/p>\n

[3] Herkesle birlikte olmak imkans\u0131z bir \u015feyken, hi\u00e7 biriyle (birlikte olmamak) ise sa\u00e7ma, bir ki\u015fiye yard\u0131m ederken pek \u00e7oklar\u0131yla anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015famak ise can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisini seven hi\u00e7 kimse bile isteyerek kendini ihmal etmez[v].<\/p>\n

[4] Yine de (insanlar) arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ihmallerini ve ilgisizliklerini ger\u00e7ekten daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kald\u0131r\u0131rlar ve yan\u0131ndakilerin \u201cunuttum\u201d ve \u201cbilmiyordum\u201d tarz\u0131ndaki \u00f6z\u00fcrlerini k\u0131zmadan kabul ederler. [5] \u201cSenin davan g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken yan\u0131nda yer almad\u0131m, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131ndayd\u0131m.\u201d ve \u201cAte\u015flendi\u011finde seni g\u00f6rmeye gelmedim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc arkada\u015flar\u0131na ziyafet veren filanca ki\u015fiyle me\u015f\u00adguld\u00fcm.\u201d diyen biri ise ihmalin sebebi olarak di\u011ferlerinin itinas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek su\u00e7unu a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz, aksine \u00fczerine k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekler. [6] Pek \u00e7oklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u00e7ok dosta sahip olanlar\u0131n sadece m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 sunduklar\u0131na dikkat ederken, talep ettiklerini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 \u015feyler i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok \u015feyi kullanan ki\u015finin talep edilen pek \u00e7ok \u015feye de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermesinin gerekli oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamazlar. [7] T\u0131pk\u0131 y\u00fcz kolla elli mideyi doyuran Briareus\u2019in, iki koldan tek mideyi idare eden bizlerden daha fazla hi\u00e7bir \u015feye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu \u015fekilde pek \u00e7ok arkada\u015f\u00adtan faydalanman\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde pek \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in servetini harcamak, el birli\u011fiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve i\u015fleriyle bir\u00adlikte me\u015fgul olmak ve de yard\u0131m etmek vard\u0131r. [8] Euripides[vi] taraf\u0131ndan itibar edilmeyen bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenir;<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fclerin birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc
\nbir dostluk edinmeleri gerekir,
\nVe de ruhun en derin k\u0131sm\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmemeleri
\nkalplerinin de k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olmas\u0131 gerekir
\n(Onlar\u0131) bir yandan itmek bir yandan da \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in
\nT\u0131pk\u0131 bir geminin yelkeni gibi dostlu\u011fu bah\u015feder, faydalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

[9] Fakat Euripides\u2019ci\u011fim, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015felim ve de anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, nefret, \u00f6fke, kusur bulma ve \u015f\u00fcphelerin ise \u201cruhun en derin k\u0131sm\u0131na y\u00f6nelmemesini\u201d ve \u201ckolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilmesini\u201d te\u015fvik edelim. Onun yerine bize daha \u00e7ok Pythagoras\u2019\u0131n \u201cPek \u00e7oklar\u0131yla el s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u00admamak (gerekir)\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011f\u00fctle. Bu s\u00f6z ne pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi arkada\u015f yapmak ne de geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ve t\u00fcm toplum i\u00e7in ortak olan arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kucaklamak anlam\u0131na gelir; pek \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla birlikte tek bir ki\u015fiye gelen bir (dostluk da) olabilir bu, ki bu (s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar) aras\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve soylu erkekler i\u00e7in ta\u00adhamm\u00fcl edilemez \u015feyler olan kayg\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015fmamak ve birlikte \u00f6fkelenmemek, birlikte zahmet \u00e7ek\u00admemek, birlikte tehlikeye at\u0131lmamak bulunur. [10] Hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen birine \u201cmuh\u00adtemelen arkada\u015f\u0131n da yoktur\u201d diyen bilgin Khilon\u2019un s\u00f6z\u00fc do\u011frudur. [11] Zira bir arkada\u015f\u0131n ne birlikte yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmas\u0131 (hatay\u0131 ve zarar\u0131 payla\u015fmas\u0131) ne de birlikte d\u00fc\u015fman olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar arkada\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip ederler ve samimi olurlar.<\/p>\n

VII. \u00d6yle ki d\u00fc\u015fmanlar hemencecik arkada\u015f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphe eder ve de (ondan) nefret ederler; arka\u00adda\u015flar ise s\u0131k s\u0131k ona \u00f6zenir ve onu k\u0131skan\u0131r ve de oyalarlar. [2] Timesias\u2019a kolonisi hakk\u0131nda verilen kehanetin haber verdi\u011fi gibi;<\/p>\n

Bal ar\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcleriniz \u00e7abucak yaban ar\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecekler<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fekilde arkada\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcleri arayanlar tesad\u00fcfen d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n yaban ar\u0131s\u0131 yuvalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131kla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131 unutacaklar (unuttular). [3] D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n kini ve dostun minneti bile e\u015fit a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maz (ayn\u0131 dengede de\u011fillerdir). [4] Philotas ve Parmenion\u2019un arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve ailelerine bak, Aleksandros\u2019un da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131; di\u011fer taraftan i\u015fkence edip \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrlerken Dionysios\u2019un Dion\u2019unkilere, Nero\u2019nun Plau\u00adtos\u2019unkilere ve de Tiberius\u2019un Seianus\u2019unkilere[v] yapt\u0131klar\u0131na. [5] Bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131lar\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 ate\u015fin aniden alevlendi\u011fi s\u0131rada onun (k\u0131z\u0131na) do\u011fru y\u00f6nelip onu sarmalamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan (k\u0131z\u0131yla) bir\u00adlikte onu da tamamen yakarak yok ederken ne k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n tac\u0131n\u0131n ne de peplos\u2019unun Kreon\u2019a[vi] yard\u0131m etmemesi gibi, bolluk i\u00e7inde olan arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015feyinden istifade etmeden, bahts\u0131z olanlarla birlikte yok olurlar. [6] Bu duruma \u00f6zellikle filozoflar ve zarif (m\u00fckemmel) erkekler katla\u00adn\u0131rlar, t\u0131pk\u0131 Theseus\u2019un, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan ve tutuklanan Peirithous ile birlikte,<\/p>\n

Utanc\u0131n demirden d\u00f6v\u00fclmemi\u015f prangalar\u0131yla ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi,<\/p>\n

Thoukydides de, veba s\u0131ras\u0131nda erdeme en \u00e7ok sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n hasta olan arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte yok olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendilerini arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmekten al\u0131koyamad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

VIII. Bundan dolay\u0131, onu \u015fimdi biriyle birle\u015ftirip ba\u015fka zamanda ba\u015fka biriyle ba\u011flayanlar\u0131n erdemi ihmal etmesi yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bir \u015fey de\u011fildir, daha ziyade lay\u0131k olanlarla, yani benzer \u015fekilde sevmeye ve payla\u015fmaya muktedir olanlarla ayn\u0131 ili\u015fkiyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri (uygundur). [2] Zira t\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131nda (hep\u00adsinin i\u00e7inde), \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi benzerlikten ileri gelmesidir. [3] Zira hayvanlar bile baz\u0131 durumlarda farkl\u0131 cinslere kar\u015f\u0131 mecbur edilince (zorla) birlikte olur ve \u00e7\u00f6melir ve de birbirlerinden ka\u00e7arken isteksizle\u015fir, ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan olan\u00adlarla ve kendi cinsleri ile ise birle\u015fmeye yatk\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterirler ve sakin bir \u015fekilde ve de memnuni\u00adyetle ili\u015fkiyi kabul ederler. O halde dostlu\u011fun farkl\u0131 karakterler, birbirine benzemeyen duygular ve ba\u015fka ilkelere ba\u011fl\u0131 hayatlarda olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l beklerler? [4] H\u0131zl\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r notalardan bir \u015fekilde benzerlik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in arp ve lyrlere dair harmoni denk\u00adlikleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fczikal ahenge sahiptir, dostlu\u011fun ahengi ve uyumunun ise benzer olmayan, anormal olan ve de e\u015fit olmayan hi\u00e7bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekir, bilakis t\u0131pk\u0131 birden daha fazla beden aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ruh gibi, benzer \u015fekilde sahip olunan her \u015feyin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 fikirde olmak, fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunmak, ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede birle\u015fmek ve ayn\u0131 duyguyu payla\u015fmak (gere\u00adkir).<\/p>\n

IX. \u015eu halde, kendini pek \u00e7oklar\u0131na benzetip uyduracak ve \u201ckayaya t\u0131pk\u0131 (ona) benzer \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u00adnecek denli tam bir temasta bulunan \u00e7ok ayakl\u0131 \u00e7ok renkli bir bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u201d diye \u00f6\u011f\u00fct veren Theognis\u2019i alaya almayacak kadar yorulmak bilmeyen, de\u011fi\u015fken ve evrensel bir insan var m\u0131d\u0131r? [2] \u00c7ok ayakl\u0131 (bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n) de\u011fi\u015fimleri derinli\u011fe sahip olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, dokusunun yo\u00ad\u011funlu\u011fu ve gev\u015fekli\u011fi ile kendisine yakla\u015fanlar\u0131n salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 alarak \u00e7evresindeki (\u015feylerin) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc\u00ads\u00fcne b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Arkada\u015fl\u0131klar ise karakterleri, duygular\u0131, s\u00f6zleri, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve de planlar\u0131 (birbi\u00adrine) benzetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. [3] Bu tamamen, b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckle kendisini bir k\u0131l\u0131ktan ba\u015fka bir k\u0131l\u0131\u011fa so\u00adkan, edebiyatla ilgilenenlerle okuyan, g\u00fcre\u015f\u00e7ilerle tozda yuvarlanan, av d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnleriyle avlanan, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyi sevenlerle sarho\u015f olan, devlet adamlar\u0131yla birlikte oy toplayan ve kendi \u015fahs\u0131na has bir ka\u00adrakter sahibi olmayan, ne \u015fansl\u0131 ne de tamamen \u00f6zenli biri olan Proteus\u2019un i\u015fidir. [4] Do\u011fa filo\u00adzoflar\u0131n\u0131n, (her \u015feyin) temelinde yatan ve kendi kendine \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftiren, \u015fu anda yanma durumun\u00addayken, \u015fimdi ise s\u0131v\u0131 hale gelen, ba\u015fka bir zaman gaz haline gelen, sonra tekrar kat\u0131 hale gelen, formsuz ve renksiz bir varl\u0131k ve materyalin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikleri gibi, o halde \u00e7ok arkada\u015fa sahip olman\u0131n temelinde kolay etkilenen, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc, kolay \u015fekil verilebilir ve kolayca de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir bir ruhun yatmas\u0131 gerekecektir. [5] Fakat dostluk sabit bir \u015fey ve bir yerde ve bir samimiyet i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli olan g\u00fcvenilir bir karakter ister. Bu y\u00fczden kal\u0131c\u0131 arkada\u015f ender ve zor bulunan bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n

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