{"id":4168,"date":"2019-01-18T13:44:01","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T11:44:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0177"},"modified":"2019-01-18T16:14:11","modified_gmt":"2019-01-18T14:14:11","slug":"lbr-0177","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2019-en\/lbr-0177","title":{"rendered":"\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde Mai\u015fet Yollar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde Mai\u015fet Yollar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Ozan SA\u011eS\u00d6Z<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786057947253
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0171
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02018
\nLocation:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:\u00a0<\/strong>Vak\u0131fbank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0V (2019) 7-10<\/strong>
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 28.12.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 07.01.2019
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 17.01.2019
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2019<\/p>\n

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O. SA\u011eS\u00d6Z, \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde Mai\u015fet Yollar\u0131<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2018. Vak\u0131fbank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 171 sayfa ( 3 Tablo ile birlikte). ISBN: 9786057947253<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarihin, di\u011fer disiplinler ile diyalektik bir anlat\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131 genel olarak modern tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair bir kayg\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu do\u011frul\u00adtuda ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6zellikle bat\u0131 men\u015feili tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00e7aba\u00adlar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, geli\u015ftirilen kuramsal altyap\u0131larla \u201ctarih olgusu<\/em>\u201d yeniden \u015fekil\u00adlendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinden, mek\u00e2n-tarih ili\u015fkisine kadar bir\u00e7ok mesele yap\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcne u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, yer yer bu s\u00f6k\u00fcm do\u011frultusunda yeni tarih anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n temel sebebinin sosyoloji, fel\u00adsefe ve siyaset bilimi gibi be\u015fer\u00ee bilimlerin ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131llarda kendilerine yeni yollar \u00e7izmesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu minvalde tarih \u201cbilimi<\/em>\u201d de di\u011fer be\u015fer\u00ee bilimlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne d\u00e2hil olmu\u015f, t\u00fcm bu bilimlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, bu bilim dallar\u0131nca da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcreci \u201cmodern<\/em>\u201d tarih\u00e7ilik ile a\u00e7\u0131klama e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterse de tarihin di\u011fer disiplinler ile etkile\u015fiminin k\u00f6kenlerini \u201cmoderni\u00adteye<\/em>\u201d atfetmek olduk\u00e7a yetersiz bir \u00e7abad\u0131r. Zira hen\u00fcz bu kavramlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015fken ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin tarih perspektifinin \u00e7ok daha d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir metin ortaya koyan \u0130bn Haldun h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda bu disiplinleraras\u0131 altyap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ok daha \u00f6ncesinde kurmu\u015ftu. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019u do\u011frudan tarih\u00e7i olarak adland\u0131r\u00admak bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc olduk\u00e7a yetersiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz perspek\u00adtifinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onun i\u00e7in \u201cantropolog<\/em>\u201d, \u201csosyolog<\/em>\u201d ve \u201csiyaset bilimci<\/em>\u201d gibi yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulunmak abart\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil, eksiktir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onu disiplinleraras\u0131 bir be\u015fer\u00ee bilimci olarak g\u00f6rmek bir mecburiyet olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1332 senesinde Tunus\u2019ta d\u00fcnyaya gelen \u0130bn Haldun, uzun seneler siya\u00adsetle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve siyasetin do\u011fal bir sonucu olarak siyasi \u00e7alkant\u0131lar\u0131n orta\u00ads\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir zaman ilimden uzak kalmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen onun tam manas\u0131yla eser \u00fcretmeye kendini adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem 1375-1383 seneleri aras\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 7 cilt olarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 el-\u0130ber<\/em> adl\u0131 eseri onun tarihe dair telif etti\u011fi en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 metindir. Fakat bu eseri giri\u015f olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sunmak istemeyen \u0130bn Haldun, eserine giri\u015f mahiyeti ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cMukaddime<\/em>\u201dyi kaleme al\u0131r. 5 ayda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu eser \u0130sl\u00e2m tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda e\u015fsiz bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131\u00admaktad\u0131r. Hatta Mukaddime\u2019nin muhteviyat\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir giri\u015ften daha \u00e7ok teorik arka plan izlenimi uyand\u0131r\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn Haldun kendisinden sonra ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce insan\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7iyi etkilemi\u015ftir; hatta Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130bn Halduncu isimler kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u00admaktad\u0131r. Fakat \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un tam manas\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fmas\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda olmu\u015f, bu minvalde geni\u015f bir \u0130bn Haldun kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015f\u00admu\u015ftur. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de telif metinler \u00fcretilmekle beraber, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer yerleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lan \u0130bn Haldun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 niceliksel a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a c\u0131l\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmakta oldu\u011fumuz Ozan Sa\u011fs\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde Mai\u015fet Yollar\u0131 <\/em>eseri bu a\u00e7\u0131\u00addan dilimizde yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir telif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kendisinin eseri Ahmet Tabako\u011flu dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek lisans \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bizim bu kitab\u0131 tan\u0131tmaktaki temel gayemiz, \u0130bn Haldun ki\u00adtapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi kanaatinde oldu\u011fumuz bu kitab\u0131n daha geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015fabilmesi ve okuyucu adaylar\u0131n\u0131n nelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u00ad\u011f\u0131na dair bir i\u00e7erik olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vak\u0131fbank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan 2018 senesinde \u00e7\u0131kan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 3 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Eserin temel gayesi \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un mai\u015fet \u00fczerine de\u011findi\u011fi hususlar\u0131 iktisadi bir g\u00f6zle incelemek ve de\u011ferlendirmektir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u00adman\u0131n \u201cGiri\u015f\u201d <\/em>b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n metodolojisi ve amac\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r ve bi\u00adrinci b\u00f6l\u00fcme ge\u00e7ilir. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201c\u0130bn Haldun\u2019dan \u00d6nce Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019da Tarih Bilimi\u201d <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Yazar bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde antik \u00e7a\u011fdan ba\u015flayarak \u0130bn Haldun\u2019a kadar gelen s\u00fcre\u00e7te tarih biliminin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer. Lakin bunu yaparken \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un perspektifi g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un kendisinden \u00f6nceki tarih\u00e7i\u00adler \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar, ele\u015ftiriler ve \u00f6vg\u00fcler perspektifinde bir anlat\u0131 sunulur. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck tarih\u00e7iler<\/em>\u201d olarak at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu ta\u00adrih\u00e7iler titizlikle incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un el-\u0130ber<\/em> adl\u0131 eseri hakk\u0131nda da bilgiler sunulmu\u015f ve onun tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi incelenmi\u015ftir. Yazar bu b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcmde \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un hayat\u0131 ve Mukaddime\u2019yi yazma s\u00fcrecini paralel ele al\u00adm\u0131\u015f ve onun deneyimlerinin esere katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015ftir. \u0130lgili b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcmde Mukaddime\u2019nin modern dillere yap\u0131lan \u00e7evirilerinden s\u00f6z edilir. Ayr\u0131ca Mukaddime\u2019nin tarih\u00e7ili\u011fe getirdi\u011fi yeni perspektif ele al\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer bir konusu ise Mukaddime\u2019nin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ve nazariyelerinin incelenmesidir, burada \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un toplumsal kategorizasyonu incelenir ve onun perspek\u00adtifinden bu kategorizasyona \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulur. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcm esas olarak \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un tarihe nas\u0131l bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onun Mukaddimesinin nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fi \u00fczerine kurul\u00admu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise \u201c\u0130bn Haldun\u2019da \u0130ktisad\u00ee Vaziyetler\u201d<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un tarihi nas\u0131l disiplinleraras\u0131 inceledi\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u00adk\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Zira \u0130bn Haldun i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu ve kendisinden \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan devletlerin iktisad\u00ee vaziyetleri hakk\u0131nda tefer\u00adruatl\u0131 bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dair fikir\u00adleri, modern iktisat teorisyenlerinin fikirleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun ve \u00f6ncesindeki \u0130slam\u00ee yazarlar\u0131n i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc meselesin\u00addeki \u00f6rnekleri, modern teorilerle k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015f, benzerlikleri ve \u00e7eli\u015fkileri de\u00ad\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar meselesi de ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar bu ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u0130bn Haldun \u00fczerine telif edilen di\u011fer eserlerdeki \u0130bn Haldun ihtiya\u00e7lar meselesini dikkatle ele alarak kendi anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Burada temel olarak \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un ihtiya\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u015fekli ve bu s\u0131n\u0131flan\u00add\u0131rman\u0131n onun nazariyeleri kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesidir. Bu bak\u0131mdan onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri Gazali gibi ilim insanlar\u0131 ile de k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130bn Haldun\u2019a g\u00f6re Ge\u00e7im Yollar\u0131<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcmde \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un perspektifinden ge\u00e7im meselesi ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu konu ele al\u0131n\u0131rken toplumsal kategorizasyon temelli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri incelenir. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un \u201ctabi\u00ee\u201d ve \u201ctabi\u00ee\u201d bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7im yollar\u0131 \u00fczerin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi fikirler incelenir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ge\u00e7im \u00fczerinden vergi meselesi de ele al\u0131n\u0131r ve vergi\/refah ili\u015f\u00adkisi modern iktisat teorileri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130bn Hal\u00addun\u2019un fikirleri sadece iktisadi kuramlar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f antro\u00adpolojik verilerle de k\u0131yaslamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7im meselesi incelenirken \u0130bn Haldun\u2019unda bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>\u201d perspektifi incelemeye d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015f\u00adtir. Hatta yazar \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un ge\u00e7im meselesine \u201cdini<\/em>\u201d mi, yoksa \u201ciktisadi<\/em>\u201d mi, bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkatle incelemi\u015ftir. Yazar bahsi ge\u00e7en mesleklere de titiz bir bak\u0131\u015f sunmu\u015ftur. Eser \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle son bulur. \u0130lgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmde t\u00fcm bu meselelerin genel bir tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve incelemesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak ilgili eser orta\u00e7a\u011f iktisat tarihi ve \u0130bn Haldun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u00adk\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi haiz bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Yazar \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un iktisadi durumlar hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u201cmai\u015fet<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerinden inceler. Burada en dikkati ge\u00e7en \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok nazariyenin sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda habersiz bir bi\u00e7imde erken modern ve modern iktisat teorisyenleri taraf\u0131ndan tekrarlan\u00adm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum hem eserin \u00f6nemini artt\u0131r\u0131rken hem de \u0130bn Hal\u00addun\u2019un \u00e7ok bilinmeyen bir y\u00f6n\u00fcne daha \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7ar. Zira \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un \u201ctarih<\/em>\u201d, \u201csosyoloji<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cantropoloji<\/em>\u201d gibi alanlardaki \u00f6nc\u00fcl fikirleri uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinse de, onun iktisat \u00fczerine olan fikirleri bu eser sayesinde daha anla\u015f\u0131labilir k\u0131\u00adl\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nTarih Anabilim Dal\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Do\u011fan Mert DEM\u0130R (PhD)<\/strong>
\ndoganmdemir@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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