{"id":4152,"date":"2019-01-18T14:55:28","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T12:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/the-medieval-nile-route-navigation-and-landscape-in-islamic-egypt"},"modified":"2019-01-18T15:59:33","modified_gmt":"2019-01-18T13:59:33","slug":"the-medieval-nile-route-navigation-and-landscape-in-islamic-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2019-en\/the-medieval-nile-route-navigation-and-landscape-in-islamic-egypt","title":{"rendered":"The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt<\/h2>\n

John P. COOPER<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9789774166143
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0422
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02014
\nLocation:<\/strong> Kahire
\nPublisher:\u00a0<\/strong>American University of Cairo Press<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0V (2019) 35-38<\/strong>
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 03.01.2019 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 11.01.2019
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 17.01.2019
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2019<\/p>\n

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J. P. COOPER, The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Land\u00adscape in Islamic Egypt<\/em>. Kahire 2014. American University of Cairo Press, XVIII+422 sayfa (45 adet fig\u00fcr ve 16 adet tablo ile birlikte). ISBN: 9789774166143<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130pek ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde bulunu\u015funa ve jeopolitik konumuna benzer \u015fekilde, M\u0131s\u0131r da Baharat ticaret yolunda \u00f6nemli bir noktada bulun\u00admaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan bah\u015fedilen bu konuma Nil Nehri\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 ile Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze b\u00f6lgenin tar\u0131msal \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve bu su yolu \u00fczerin\u00addeki ula\u015f\u0131m ile geli\u015fen ticaret dikkate de\u011ferdir. \u0130bn Haldun taraf\u0131ndan sarf edilen \u2018\u2019Co\u011frafya kaderdir<\/em>\u2019\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bu \u00f6zelliklerine vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r adeta.<\/p>\n

Exeter \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerinden Dr. John P. Cooper\u2019\u0131n doktora tezinden haz\u0131rlanan ve Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt<\/em> ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanan (Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Nil: \u0130sl\u00e2m M\u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda Rota, Seyir ve Tabiat) olarak \u00e7evirebilece\u011fimiz kitap 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kahire\u2019de bas\u0131ld\u0131. Eser, Kahire Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi Bas\u0131mevi taraf\u0131ndan, birinci hamur, \u015f\u00f6mizli cil\u00addiyle ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve kitapseverlerin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil\u2019in tarihi co\u011frafyas\u0131 \u00fczerine, benzeri iki y\u00fcz y\u0131l evvel Description de l\u2019Egypt<\/em> ve yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce Stanley Lane-Poole taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Egypt<\/em> adl\u0131 kitaplar bu konuyu i\u015fleyenlere \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Ancak, modern ha\u00adritac\u0131l\u0131k ve grafik teknikleri ile uydu foto\u011fraflar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan son y\u0131llar\u0131n Nil Nehri ve hinterland\u0131 konusunda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f en derli toplu eser elimizdeki bu kitap olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Eserde, Nil Nehri\u2019nin kayna\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren de\u011fil, nehrin; Birinci Katarakt\u2019tan (Asvan yak\u0131n\u0131nda) itibaren Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r (Ka\u00adhire\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde kalan Nil) ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da (Delta\/Kahire\u2019nin kuzeyi) ka\u00adlan k\u0131sm\u0131, daha \u00e7ok Orta\u00e7a\u011f\/\u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00f6nemi (640-1517) zaman diliminin i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Introduction<\/em> (Giri\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc [1-11]) sonras\u0131nda Nil co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk k\u0131s\u0131mdaki Geography<\/em> (Co\u011frafya [13-102]) \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Imagining the Nile<\/em> (Nil\u2019i Hayal Etmek [15-28]) ve buna d\u00e2hil iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar, Sources<\/em> (Kaynak Tahlili [22-26]) ve Methodology<\/em> (Metodoloji [26-28]) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Eser, The Pre-Islamic Nile Delta<\/em> (Nil Deltas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi tarihi [29-41]) ile devam etmektedir. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mda Herodotos\u2019tan Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinius\u2019a kadarki Grek kaynaklar\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir. Herodotos, Psuedo-Syklax, Diodorus Siculus, Strabon, Plinius, Ptolemy Claudius, George of Cyprus\u2019un eserlerinde Nil Nehri\u2019nin kollar\u0131na verilen adlar\u0131n bir tablosu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Geographia<\/em> ve buna ek olarak Tabula Peutinger <\/em>ve Madaba<\/em> haritalar\u0131ndaki Nil tasviri \u00fczerine ilgi \u00e7ekici bir anlat\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitap, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fczere as\u0131l olarak Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da nehrin du\u00adrumunu ele almaktad\u0131r. \u0130slam d\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131 Deltas\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Deltas\u0131 ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm, The Western Delta in the Islamic Era<\/em> (\u0130sl\u00e2m H\u00e2kimiyeti D\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131 Deltas\u0131 [43-74]) olan Bat\u0131 Del\u00adtas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Rosetta ve \u0130skenderiye kollar\u0131, Mareotis g\u00f6l\u00fc ve Burullus g\u00f6lleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm, The Eastern Delta in the Islamic Era<\/em> (\u0130sl\u00e2m H\u00e2kimiyeti D\u00f6neminde Do\u011fu Deltas\u0131 [75-99]) olan Do\u011fu Deltas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise Dimyat ve T\u0131nnis kollar\u0131 ile Manzala G\u00f6l\u00fc ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da kapanan Pelusiac kolu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Qulz\u00fcm (S\u00fcvey\u015f yak\u0131n\u0131nda) ile Nil Nehri aras\u0131nda bulunan ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lan kanal hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmi\u015ftir. The Bahr Yusuf<\/em> (Bahr Yusuf [101-102]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Bahr el-Yusuf ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan Fayyum G\u00f6l\u00fc ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131s\u0131m Navigation<\/em> (Navigasyon\/Seyr \u00fc Sefer, [103-183]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131\u00admaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131sm\u0131n ilk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan The Nile Flood Cycle<\/em> (Nil Nehri\u2019nin Ta\u015fk\u0131n D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc [107-123]) Nil Nehri\u2019nin ta\u015fk\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve o y\u0131l\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131n niceli\u011fi Nilometre adl\u0131 tesisler ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmekteydi. Bu sayede ta\u015fk\u0131n miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ekilebilecek arazilerin ya da zarar g\u00f6\u00adrebilecek ekinlerin miktar\u0131 ya da kurakl\u0131k durumu oldu\u011funa karar verilip o y\u0131l toplanacak vergi miktar\u0131 tayin edilmekteydi. Nil nehrinin bu do\u011fal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine istinaden, yazar taraf\u0131ndan bu olguya kitapta ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm ay\u00adr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sekizinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm Propulsion: Wind, Current, and Human Labor<\/em> (\u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7: R\u00fczg\u00e2r, Ak\u0131nt\u0131 ve \u0130nsan G\u00fcc\u00fc [125-142]) insan g\u00fcc\u00fc, nehirdeki ak\u0131nt\u0131 ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r rejiminin ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi ve bunun nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dairdir. Dokuzuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm Local Hazards: Mouths, Cataracts, and Mountains<\/em> (Yerel Tehlikeler: Ge\u00e7itler, \u00c7a\u011flayanlar ve Kayal\u0131klar [143-153]), Nil Nehri \u00fczerindeki yerel tehlikeleri ele almaktad\u0131r. Bu tehlikeler: Irmak boyundaki bo\u011fazlar, ka\u00adtarakt ad\u0131 verilen \u015felaleler ve daha \u00e7ok Yukar\u0131 Nil\u2019de bulunan kayal\u0131klard\u0131r. Onuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm Nile Journey Times <\/em>(Nil Nehri\u2019nde Seyahat S\u00fcreleri [155-166]) Nil Nehri\u2019nde seyahat s\u00fcrelerini gezginlerin notlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden incelemekte\u00addir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ek olarak karadan K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve 4 harita ile konu \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir. K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ve Akdeniz\u2019deki ak\u0131nt\u0131 ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r rejimlerinin incelen\u00addi\u011fi On birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm Onward Connections: The Mediteranean and Red Sea<\/em> (\u0130leri Ba\u011flant\u0131lar: Akdeniz ve K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz, [167-183]) nehir ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

III. k\u0131s\u0131m Ports and the Navigational Landscape<\/em> (Limanlar ve Seyr \u00fc Sefer Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, [185-261]) nehir ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 limanlar ve nehir boyundaki seyir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131sm\u0131n ilk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup The Ports of Fustat and Cairo<\/em> (Fustat ve Kahire Limanlar\u0131 [187-194]) burada, Fustat ve Kahire limanlar\u0131; sonras\u0131nda Nil Deltas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki limanlar Ports of the Western Delta<\/em> (Bat\u0131 Deltas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Limanlar\u0131 [195-207]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve delta\u00adn\u0131n Do\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki limanlar Ports of the Eastern Delta<\/em> (Do\u011fu Deltas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Li\u00admanlar\u0131 [209-227]) ba\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019de bulunan limanlar\u0131n incelendi\u011fi On be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ports of the Red Sea<\/em> (K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz Limanlar\u0131 [229-251]) takip etmektedir. Eserin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Conclusion<\/em> (Sonu\u00e7 [253-261]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu\u00e7 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren On alt\u0131nc\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bunlara, \u00fc\u00e7 adet ek b\u00f6l\u00fcm eklenmi\u015ftir: Appendix 1: Historical Cartog\u00adraphy<\/em>\u2019de (Ek 1: Tarihsel Kartografi [263-291]) Antik kaynaklar, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00f6nemi co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131, Madaba mozaik haritas\u0131, Tabula Peutigeriana, Piri Reis ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l gezginlerinin anlat\u0131lar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak Nil co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n haritalar\u0131 yeni\u00adden \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm 35 adet levha i\u00e7ermektedir. Devam\u0131ndaki Appendix 2: Geographic Reconstructions<\/em>\u2019da (Ek 2: Co\u011frafi Canland\u0131rma Denemesi, [293-310]) ise Nil co\u011frafyas\u0131 uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ve CBS kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlan\u00adm\u0131\u015f 16 kroki ile Nil Nehri\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ve Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki, \u0130slam d\u00f6nemin\u00addeki durumu rekonstrukte edilmi\u015f; nehir yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek olan de\u011fi\u00ad\u015fimi belgelenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Appendix 3: Gazetteer of Delta Place Names Mentioned by Ibn Hawkal and al-Idrisi<\/em>\u2019de (Ek 3: \u0130bn Havk\u00e2l ve \u0130dr\u00ees\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Delta\u2019daki Yer Adlar\u0131 [311-322]) \u0130bn Havk\u00e2l ve \u0130dr\u00ees\u00ee\u2019nin eserlerine dayan\u0131la\u00adrak Nil boyundaki yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n bir listesi koordinatlar\u0131 ile verilmi\u015ftir. Eser, Notes<\/em> (Son Notlar [323-375]), References<\/em> (Kaynaklar [377-407]) ve \u0130ndex<\/em> (\u0130n\u00addeks [409-421]) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile son bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel co\u011frafya bilgisinden faydalanman\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemine istinaden, i\u015fbu eserin dikkatle okunup de\u011ferlendirilmesi hem ara\u015f\u00adt\u0131rmac\u0131lar hem de merakl\u0131 okurlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt<\/em>, adl\u0131 eser M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil co\u011frafyas\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
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