{"id":4139,"date":"2019-01-18T15:45:20","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T13:45:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0184"},"modified":"2019-11-19T09:45:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T07:45:16","slug":"lbr-0184-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2019-en\/lbr-0184-2","title":{"rendered":"Roma Takvimi: \u201cFasti\u201d ve Antik Kaynaklar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma Takvimine g\u00f6re \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ayda Kutlanan Festivaller"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Roma Takvimi: \u201cFasti\u201d ve Antik Kaynaklar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma Takvimine g\u00f6re \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ayda Kutlanan Festivaller<\/h2>\n

Asuman CO\u015eKUN-ABUAGLA<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786059872515
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0373
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:\u00a0<\/strong>Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0V (2019) 47-52<\/strong>
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 07.01.2019 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 15.01.2019
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 17.01.2019
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2019<\/p>\n

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\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Citation<\/a>
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A. CO\u015eKUN-ABUAGLA, Roma Takvimi: \u201cFasti\u201d ve Antik Kaynaklar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma Takvimine g\u00f6re \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ayda Kutlanan Festivaller.<\/em> \u0130stanbul 2017. Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 373 sayfa. <\/strong>ISBN: 9786059872515<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zaman alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131larak d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel hale getiril\u00admesi i\u00e7in tarih boyunca bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntem geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6zlemlenen g\u00f6k cisimlerinin hareketlerine, iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fimlere veya tohum ekimi ya da hasat zaman\u0131 gibi olaylar\u0131n olu\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcnler ve aylardan meydana gelen takvimler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir arada ya\u015fayan her insan toplulu\u011fu za\u00adman\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7menin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra toplumsal ya\u015famlar\u0131nda meydana gelen \u00f6nemli olay\u00adlara ya da inand\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferlere ili\u015fkin unsurlar\u0131 an\u0131msamak i\u00e7in de bu periyo\u00addik takvimleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim bu zamanlar\u0131n d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde an\u0131m\u00adsanabilir olmas\u0131, zaman alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belirli ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel tekrar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. Toplumsal an\u00adlamda ortak bir de\u011fer ve anlam i\u00e7eren bu zamanlar, tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ulusal belle\u011fi olu\u015fturarak, insanlar\u0131 bir arada tutan de\u011ferlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kutlanan bayramlar ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcnler bu ba\u011f\u00adlamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011ferler olarak kabul edilebilir; her ulus benimsedi\u011fi tak\u00advimde toplumsal olarak bir anlam ifade eden \u00f6zel zamanlar\u0131 an\u0131msamaya veya kutlamaya devam etmektedir. Roma\u2019n\u0131n ilk kral\u0131 Romulus taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen Roma Takvimi de Roma ulusu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00f6nemi olan zamanlar\u0131n kay\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takvimlerden biriydi. Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bu eserde, Roma Takvimi ve bu takvimin ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda kutlanan \u00f6nemli festivaller ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcnler \u00fczerine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roma Takvimi \u201cFasti\u201d ve Antik Kaynaklar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma Takvimine g\u00f6re \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ayda Kutlanan Festivaller<\/em> adl\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eser; \u0130\u00e7indekiler <\/em>(sayfa numaras\u0131 verilme\u00admi\u015ftir), Fasti \u00dczerine<\/em> (9-10), Antik Roma Takvimi<\/em> (11-19), Tablo I – \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirli Festivalleri (Feriae Stativae)<\/em> (19- 21) ve Tablo II – \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirsiz Festivalleri (Feriae Conceptivae)<\/em> (22) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirli Festivalleri (Feriae Stativae)<\/em> (23-266) ve \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirsiz Festivalleri (Feriae Conceptivae)<\/em> (267-278) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle devam eden eser, Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em> (279-290), Dipnotlar<\/em> (291-372) ve Dipnotlarda Ge\u00e7en K\u0131saltmalar<\/em> (373) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile tamamlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fasti \u00dczerine<\/em> (9-10) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mda, Romal\u0131 \u015fair Publius Ovidius Naso\u2019nun (M\u00d6 43-MS 17), Roma takviminde yer alan festivaller hakk\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fasti<\/em> isimli eserinden bahsedilmektedir. Antik Roma Takvimi<\/em> (11-19) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mda ise Roma\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu ve ilk kral\u0131 Romulus taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan ve 10 aydan meydana gelen ilk Roma takviminin zaman i\u00e7erisinde geli\u015fim ve de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lmakta, Romal\u0131lar\u0131n zaman alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmakta\u00add\u0131r. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131m halinde sunulan tablolarda (19-22), \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirli Festivalleri (Feriae Stativae)<\/em> ve \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirsiz Festivalleri<\/em>\u2019ne (Fe\u00adriae Conceptivae)<\/em> ili\u015fkin \u00f6zet bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirli Festivalleri (Feriae Stativae)<\/em> (23-266) isimli birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, 51 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ilk olarak 1 Ocakta kutlanan Ianuarius (Yeni Y\u0131l) Festivali<\/em>\u2019ne (25-37) yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Ianus olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tanr\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylencelere konu olmu\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6ne ve arkaya bakan y\u00fcz\u00fcyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve gelece\u011fi bilme g\u00fcc\u00fc, Ianus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f zaman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k, bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri antik kay\u00adnaklardan yap\u0131lan al\u0131nt\u0131lar ve \u00f6zellikle Ovidius\u2019un Fasti<\/em> isimli eserinden yap\u0131\u00adlan terc\u00fcme metinlerden yararlanmak suretiyle anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde s\u00f6z konusu festival g\u00fcn\u00fcne ili\u015fkin kutlama rit\u00fceline de yer verilmi\u015ftir; 1 Ocakta consul\u2019<\/em>lerin ve Senatus<\/em> \u00fcyelerinin halkla birlikte Capitolium Tepesi\u2019ne gittikleri, Ianus\u2019a, bu\u011fday \u00e7\u00f6re\u011fi libum ceriale<\/em> ve tuzlu yiyeceklerin mola salsa<\/em> yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yeni y\u0131l\u0131n bereketli ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in hurma, kuru incir, bal sunduk\u00adlar\u0131, birbirlerine ise strenae<\/em> olarak isimlendirilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hediyeler verdikleri aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. I. Agnolia Festivali<\/em> (37-42) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde festivalin 9 Ocak\u2019ta tanr\u0131 Ianus onuruna kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131, Carmentalia Festivali<\/em> (42-47) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde festivalin nympha<\/em>\u2019lardan biri olan Camenae onuruna 11 Ocak ve 15 Ocak\u2019ta kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 16 Ocak\u2019ta kutlanan Concordia Festi\u00advali<\/em>\u2019nin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (47-49), Roma Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde (M\u00d6 509 \u2013 M\u00d6 27) soylular ve halk aras\u0131nda uyumu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan tanr\u0131\u00e7a Concordia onuruna kutlanan festivalin, iki toplumsal grup aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla zaman i\u00e7erisinde ne \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bilgiler sunulmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde; Phrygial\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7a Cybele<\/em>\u2019ye kom\u015fu oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen tanr\u0131\u00e7a Iuno<\/em> onuruna 1 \u015eubat\u2019ta kutlanan Iuno Sospita Festivali<\/em> (49-50) ve 13 \u015eubat\u2019ta, Etr\u00fcsk \u015fehri Veii ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015fa Romal\u0131lar\u0131 temsilen tek ba\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131lan Fabii ailesinin an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fabii Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em> (50-51) anlat\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde, 13 \u015eubat\u2019ta tanr\u0131 Faunus onuruna kutlanan Faunus Festivali<\/em> (52-53), vefat etmi\u015f aile \u00fcyeleri an\u0131s\u0131na 13-21 \u015eubat aras\u0131 kutlanan Parentalia Festivali ve Feralia G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em>\u2019ne (53-57) ili\u015fkin bilgilere yer verilmi\u015ftir. 15 \u015eubat Lupercalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (57-70) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, di\u015fi kurt lupa<\/em> ismin\u00adden t\u00fcretilen Luperci rahipli\u011finin, Romulus<\/em> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen Quinctiales <\/em>ai\u00adlesi ve Remus<\/em> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen Fabii<\/em> ailesi taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funa de\u011finil\u00admi\u015f, Roma\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015f efsanesinde yer alan Romulus<\/em> ve Remus<\/em>\u2019u besleyen di\u015fi kurt s\u00f6ylencesi uyar\u0131nca festival kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u015fi kurda adanan bir ma\u00ad\u011farada ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ayr\u0131ca Livius<\/em>, Plutarkhos<\/em> ve Ovi\u00addius<\/em>\u2019un festivalin k\u00f6keni ve rit\u00fceline ili\u015fkin kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 hususlara da yer verilmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6keni Sabinlere dayanan sava\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Quirinus onuruna 17 \u015eu\u00adbat\u2019ta kutlanan Quirinalia Festivali<\/em> (71-74), aile sevgisini peki\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na 22 \u015eubat\u2019ta kutlanan Caristia G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em> (74-76), s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131nda cisimle\u015fti\u011fine ina\u00adn\u0131lan tanr\u0131 Terminus onuruna 23 \u015eubat\u2019ta kutlanan Terminalia Festivali <\/em>(76 -78), Roma\u2019n\u0131n son kral\u0131 Tarquinus Superbus\u2019un Roma\u2019dan kovulmas\u0131 ad\u0131na 24 \u015eubat\u2019ta kutlanan Refugium G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em> (78-90) ve eski y\u0131l\u0131n bitip yeni y\u0131l\u0131n geli\u00ad\u015fini 27 \u015eubat\u2019ta kutlamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen Equirra Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (91) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerle \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1 Mart\u2019ta kutlanan Mars Festivali ve Matronalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta (92-110), Ro\u00admulus taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen takvimin ilk ay\u0131n\u0131n tanr\u0131 Mars\u2019a adand\u0131\u011f\u0131 akta\u00adr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Cato\u2019nun de Agricultura<\/em> isimli eserinde tanr\u0131 Mars\u2019a erken d\u00f6nemlerde ekinleri b\u00fcy\u00fcten ve s\u00fcr\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011f\u00adlayan bir tanr\u0131 olarak tap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 – \u00e7ift\u00e7i kabilelerden olu\u015fan Roma\u2019n\u0131n ilk sakinlerinin de bu iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc tanr\u0131y\u0131 onurland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 be\u00adlirtilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 tarihte (1 Mart) Romal\u0131lar ile Sabinler aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesini ve her iki soyun ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan evli kad\u0131nlar onuruna kutlanan Matronalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019ne ili\u015fkin olarak antik kaynaklarda yer alan de\u011fi\u015fik s\u00f6ylenceler aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Mart ay\u0131nda kutlanan di\u011fer festivaller olan; 14 Mart\u2019ta tanr\u0131 Mars onuruna kutla\u00adnan II. Equirra Festivali<\/em> (110-111), 15 Mart\u2019ta kutlanan tanr\u0131\u00e7a Anna Perenna onuruna kutlanan Anna Perenna Festivali<\/em> (111-132) ve 23 Mart\u2019ta sava\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131nan tubae<\/em>\u2019lerin ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 onuruna kutlanan I. Tubilustria Festivali<\/em>\u2019ne (133-136) ili\u015fkin bilgilerin sunuldu\u011fu di\u011fer alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmler izlemektedir. 1 Ni\u00adsan\u2019da kutlanan Veneralia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (137-142) ise, Romulus taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen takvimde ilk ay\u0131n Mars\u2019a, ikinci ay\u0131n ise Roma soyunun kurucusu Aeneas\u2019\u0131n annesi tanr\u0131\u00e7a Ven\u00fcs\u2019e adand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u00admakta, festivalin Fortuna Virilis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019nda kutlanma rit\u00fceline de\u011finilmek\u00adtedir. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben Magna Mater\u2019in Phrygia\u2019dan Roma\u2019ya getirilmesi onuruna 4-10 Nisan aras\u0131 kutlanan Megalesia Festivali<\/em> (143 -160), talih tan\u00adr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Fortuna onuruna 5 Nisan\u2019da kutlanan I. Fortuna Publica Festivali<\/em> (160- 161), topra\u011f\u0131n ve bu\u011fday\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Ceres onuruna 12 \u2013 19 Nisan aras\u0131 kut\u00adlanan Cerialia Festivali<\/em> (161-180), tanr\u0131 Iupiter onuruna 13 Nisan\u2019da kutlanan Iupiter Victor ve Iupiter Libertas Festivali <\/em>(180-181), tanr\u0131\u00e7a Tellus onuruna 15 Nisanda kutlanan Fordicidia Festivali<\/em> (181-183), \u00e7obanlar\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Pales onuruna 21 Nisan\u2019da kutlanan Parilia\/Palilia Festivali<\/em> (183-187), Iupiter ve Venus onuruna 23 Nisan\u2019da kutlanan Vinalia Festivali<\/em> (187-190) anlat\u0131lmak\u00adtad\u0131r. 25 Nisan\u2019da kutlanan Robigalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (190- 193), uygun \u015fekilde onurland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeti\u015fen ekinler \u00fczerine k\u00fcf salan tanr\u0131sal bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Robigo onuruna kutlanan festival ve kutlama rit\u00fceli aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. May\u0131s ay\u0131nda ise; \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Flora onuruna 28 Ni\u00adsan-3 May\u0131s aras\u0131nda kutlanan Floria Festivali (193- 198), 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta kutlanan I. Bona Dea ve Laralia Festivali<\/em> (198-207), vefat eden ki\u015filerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 9, 11, 13 May\u0131s tarihlerinde kutlanan Lemuria G\u00fcnleri <\/em>(207-214), 14 May\u0131s\u2019ta kutlanan Argei G\u00fcnleri<\/em> (2015-218) anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 15 May\u0131s\u2019ta kutlanan Mercurius Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (218-220), Antik Yu\u00adnan\u2019da Hermes ismiyle bilinen tanr\u0131n\u0131n Roma\u2019da Mercurius olarak onurlan\u00add\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n, habercilerin, ak\u0131c\u0131 ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn konu\u015fman\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 olan Mercurius\u2019a atfen Roma\u2019da Circus Maximus\u2019ta bir tap\u0131nak in\u015fa edildi\u011fi, Mercurius festivalinde bu tap\u0131na\u011fa gelen t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u00adlarda s\u00f6yledikleri yalanlar i\u00e7in tanr\u0131dan af diledikleri aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben; 21 May\u0131sta kutlanan II. Agonalia Festivali<\/em> (221), Antik Yu\u00adnan\u2019da ate\u015fin ve demircilerin tanr\u0131s\u0131 Hephaistos\u2019un Roma\u2019daki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vul\u00adcanus onuruna kutlanan II. Tubilustria Festivali<\/em> (221- 224), 25 May\u0131sta kutla\u00adnan II. Fortuna Publica Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (224) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerle May\u0131s ay\u0131nda kutlanan festivallerin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Haziran ay\u0131na ili\u015f\u00adkin olarak s\u0131ras\u0131yla; 1 Haziran\u2019da Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Iuno onuruna kutlanan Iuno Moneta Festivali<\/em> ve Mars Festivali<\/em> (224-226), M\u00d6 296 y\u0131l\u0131nda Etr\u00fcsk ve Samnit birle\u015fik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ma\u011flup edilmesi ad\u0131na 3 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan Bellona Festivali<\/em> (226-228) anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben, Hercules onuruna 4 Hazi\u00adranda kutlanan Hercules Festivali<\/em> (228-234), bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bol kazan\u00e7 elde et\u00admesi i\u00e7in 7 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan Picatoria Festivali<\/em> (234-235), M\u00d6 217 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen Kartaca yenilgisi \u00fczerine 8 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tanr\u0131 Mens\u2019e adanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na kutlanan Mens Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (235-237) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00adler yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, 9 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan Vestalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin anla\u00adt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (237-257), sonsuz ate\u015fin bek\u00e7isi olan tanr\u0131\u00e7a Vesta\u2019n\u0131n Ro\u00adman\u0131n en eski tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu, Palatium Tepesi\u2019nde bulunan tap\u0131\u00adna\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kutsal emanetin muhafaza edildi\u011fi, bu emanetler aras\u0131nda Orestes\u2019in k\u00fclleri, Priamos\u2019un kraliyet asas\u0131, Kybele\u2019yi simgeleyen kara ta\u015f acus<\/em>\u2019un bulundu\u011funun s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra, tanr\u0131\u00e7a Minerva ad\u0131na 13 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan II. Quinquatrus Festivali<\/em> (257-263), yine ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7a ad\u0131na 19 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan Minerva Festivali<\/em> (263), Iupiter\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinden biri olup y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 gece kullanan tanr\u0131 Sum\u00admanus onuruna 20 Haziranda kutlanan Summanus Festivali<\/em> (264), \u015fans tan\u00adr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Fortuna onuruna 24 Haziranda kutlanan Fors Fortuna Festivali<\/em> (265-266) ve tanr\u0131 Iupiter ad\u0131na 27 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan Iuper Stator Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (266) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerle birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm sonland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc Belirsiz Festivalleri (Feriae Conceptivae)<\/em> (267-278) isimli ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, 6 ayr\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, 17 Aral\u0131k-5 Ocak aras\u0131nda kutlanan Compitalia Festivali<\/em> (269-271) ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Bu alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, kav\u015faklar\u0131 koruyan Larlar Lares compitales<\/em> onuruna d\u00fczenlenen festivalin hangi g\u00fcn kutlanaca\u011f\u0131na kent y\u00f6neticisi praetor urbanis<\/em> ya da rahipler tara\u00adf\u0131ndan karar verildi\u011fine, Compitalia g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Larlar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tap\u0131\u00adnaklarda ball\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6rekler sunuldu\u011funa de\u011finilmektedir. Bu alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra, ekilen tohumlar ad\u0131na 24- 26 Ocak aras\u0131nda kutlanan Sementivae\/Paganalia Festivali<\/em>\u2019nin (271-274) anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm yer almaktad\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 For\u00adnax onuruna 5-17 \u015eubat aras\u0131 kutlanan Fornacalia Festivali<\/em> (275-276) anlat\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise, f\u0131r\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Fornax i\u00e7in kutlanan bu festivalin ne za\u00adman ve nerede yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bildirimin tabella<\/em>\u2019lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Roma fo\u00adrum\u2019unda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, kentin ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u015eubat ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde kutlanan Amburbium\/Amburbale<\/em> Festivali<\/em> (276-277), tarlalardaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 onuruna May\u0131s i\u00e7inde kutlanan Ambarvalia Festivali<\/em> (277) ve son olarak May\u0131s-Haziran aylar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kutlanan Latin Festi\u00advali<\/em>\u2019nin (278) anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sona ermektedir. Bu son alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Lex Licinia Sextia<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yasalar\u0131n kabul edilmesi onuruna kutlanan festiva\u00adlin hangi g\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na consul<\/em>\u2019lerin karar verdi\u011fi, Romal\u0131lar ve Latinleri bir araya getiren kutlamada halk\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ekli ta\u00e7larla Alba Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan t\u00f6rene kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>k\u0131sm\u0131nda (279-290), yazar taraf\u0131ndan eserde de\u011ferlendirilen antik ve modern kaynaklar\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, Dipnotlar<\/em> k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise (291-372), eserde yer alan metinlere ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi ve \u00e7evirilere yer verildi\u011fi, Dip\u00adnotlarda Ge\u00e7en K\u0131saltmalar<\/em> k\u0131sm\u0131 ile (373) eserin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmak\u00adtad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roma Takvimi \/Fasti ve Antik Kaynaklar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Roma Takvimine g\u00f6re \u0130lk Alt\u0131 Ayda Kutlanan Festivaller<\/em> adl\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Roma ulusunun ortak de\u011fer\u00adlerini olu\u015fturan festivallerin kutlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin antik metinler temelinde ay\u00adr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler sunulmu\u015ftur. Festivallerde onurland\u0131r\u0131lan tanr\u0131 ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar, ta\u00adp\u0131naklarda yerine getirilen rit\u00fceller, Roma ulusunun inan\u00e7 sisteminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi hakk\u0131nda da okuyucuya fikir vermektedir. Nitekim bir ulusun toplumsal tepkileri olarak da tan\u0131mlanabilecek ortak sevin\u00e7 ve korku\u00adlar\u0131 ifade eden bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlerin ard\u0131nda yatan tarihsel ger\u00e7ekler ya da s\u00f6y\u00adlenceler, ulusun tarihi kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve de\u011ferler d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 da yans\u0131tmakta\u00add\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda eserin, Roma tarihi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6nemli bir alan\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

B. Deniz AT\u0130LLA (PhD.)<\/strong>
\ndenizatilla@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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