{"id":4051,"date":"2018-11-16T17:16:01","date_gmt":"2018-11-16T15:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0167"},"modified":"2019-01-17T20:59:41","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T18:59:41","slug":"lbr-0167","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0167","title":{"rendered":"Afganistan ve Hindistan\u2019da Bir T\u00fcrk Devleti Gazneliler (Siyaset, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t, K\u00fclt\u00fcr) Makaleler"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Afganistan ve Hindistan\u2019da Bir T\u00fcrk Devleti Gazneliler (Siyaset, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t, K\u00fclt\u00fcr) Makaleler<\/h2>\n

Nesrin YILMAZ<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786054921188
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0262
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02014
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:\u00a0<\/strong>Bilge K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0IV (2018) 339-344<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018037
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 16.07.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 13.10.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 16.11.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2018<\/p>\n

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\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Citation<\/a>
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E. MER\u00c7\u0130L, Afganistan ve Hindistan\u2019da Bir T\u00fcrk Devleti Gazneli\u00adler (Siyaset, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t, K\u00fclt\u00fcr) Makaleler. <\/em>\u0130stanbul 2014. Bilge K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 262 sayfa. ISBN: 9786054921188<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Orta\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ender ki\u015filiklerinden olan Prof. Dr. Erdo\u011fan Mer\u00e7il, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve eserleri ile ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara zengin bir birikim sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. Burada tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lacak olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yazar\u0131n 963-1186 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Horasan, Afganistan ve Kuzey Hindistan\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk ha\u00adnedanlardan biri olan Gazneliler Devleti Tarihi\u2019ne dair makalelerinin derle\u00admesidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma yazar\u0131n Gaznelilerin siyasi tarihi hakk\u0131ndaki yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra te\u015fkil\u00e2t, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve imar faaliyetlerine dair yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Eser, \u0130\u00e7indekiler <\/em>(5), K\u0131saltmalar <\/em>(6), \u00d6ns\u00f6z <\/em>(7-8) ile ba\u015flamakta, ard\u0131ndan eserin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran Dizin (247-262) k\u0131sm\u0131 ile son bulmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7a\u00adl\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> (7-8) k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar, Gazneli Devleti hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgiler verdikten sonra daha \u00f6nce kaleme al\u0131nan makalelerinin de eserde bulunmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan baz\u0131 bilgilerin tekrara ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususuna dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Ana ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar da detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015flenmi\u015f olup okuyuculara do\u00adyurucu bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Karategin Ailesi<\/em> (9-10) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yazar, IX ve X. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda asker ola\u00adrak \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na gelmi\u015f, S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin ordusu i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015f ve zamanla S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee hanedan\u0131na kafa tutabilen komutanlardan biri haline gelmi\u015f olan Karategin ve ailesi hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler verilmi\u015f olup konu alt ba\u015fl\u0131k\u00adlar halinde i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla Leyla b. Nu\u2018m\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00admesi <\/em>(11-12), Karategin\u2019in C\u00fcrcan\u2019a G\u00f6nderilmesi <\/em>(12-13), S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019lerden Yahy\u00e2 b. Ahmed\u2019in \u0130syan\u0131<\/em> (13-16), Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin <\/em>(16-17), Eb\u00fb Ali b. Muhtac\u2019\u0131n \u0130syan\u0131 <\/em>(17-19), Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin\u2019in Horasan Valisi Tayin Edil\u00admesi <\/em>(19), T\u00fbs Valisi Muhammed b. Abd\u00fcrrezak\u2019\u0131n \u0130syan\u0131 <\/em>(20), Mans\u00fbr b. Ka\u00adrategin\u2019in C\u00fcrcan Seferi <\/em>(21), Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin\u2019in Rey Seferi <\/em>(21-23), Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin\u2019in Horasan Ordular\u0131 Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130stifas\u0131 <\/em>(23-24), Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin\u2019in \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/em>(24) ve Ahmed b. Mans\u00fbr b. Karategin <\/em>(24-26) ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 verilmi\u015f b\u00f6ylece Karategin ile haleflerinin tarihi ve S\u00e2m\u00e2nilere kar\u015f\u0131 verdikleri m\u00fccadelelerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 okuyucuya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcveyh\u00eeler <\/em>(27) adl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise 932-1062 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Deylem as\u0131ll\u0131 bir hanedan olan B\u00fcveyh\u00eeler ana hatlar\u0131yla ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarih<\/em> (27-32) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hanedan\u0131n soyundan bahsedilmi\u015f ve buna dair \u00e7e\u015fitli rivayetlerin oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr <\/em>(32-38)\u2019de ise B\u00fcveyh\u00eeler taraf\u0131ndan S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee geleneklerinin devam ettirildi\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan \u015ei\u00ee ve S\u00fcnn\u00ee \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda B\u00fcveyh\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcm\u00addarlar\u0131n\u0131n listesi, kollar\u0131 ve \u015fubesi de kronolojik olarak verilmi\u015f olup ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcme dair bir bibliyografya da eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Muht\u00e2co\u011fullar\u0131 <\/em>(39-43) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enlerin X. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar Mavera\u00fcnnehir\u2019in \u00c7a\u011faniyan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fc\u00adren bir hanedan olduklar\u0131 ve etnik k\u00f6kenlerine dair kesin bir bilginin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dile getirilmi\u015f olup, hanedan\u0131n Fars as\u0131ll\u0131 oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler, S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler\u2019in Men\u015fei ve Kurulu\u015fu <\/em>(44-46) adl\u0131 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kendilerinin muhtemelen S\u00e2m\u00e2n ad\u0131ndaki bir k\u00f6yden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 ve k\u00f6y\u00fcn tam olarak nerede bulundu\u011funun bilinmedi\u011fi, ancak bu konuda \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fitli rivayetlerin oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda ise devlet y\u00f6neticileri kronolojik olarak verilmi\u015ftir. Alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u0130sm\u00e2il b. Ahmed D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(46-47), Ahmed b. \u0130smail D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(48), II. Nasr b. Ahmed D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(48-50), I. N\u00fbh b. II. Nasr D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(50-53), Abd\u00fclmelik b. N\u00fbh D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(53-54), Mans\u00fbr b. N\u00fbh <\/em>(54-55), II. N\u00fbh b. Mans\u00fbr D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(56-60), II. Mans\u00fbr b. II. N\u00fbh D\u00f6\u00adnemi <\/em>(60-61) ve Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fev\u00e2ris Abd\u00fclmelik b. N\u00fbh D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(62-63) ismini ta\u015f\u0131\u00admaktad\u0131rlar. Ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler Devleti\u2019nin siyasi tarihi hakk\u0131nda t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar okuyucuya sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee Devleti\u2019nde T\u00fcrkler\u2019in Rol\u00fc <\/em>(64-77) adl\u0131 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise; askeri kadrolarda T\u00fcrklerin bulunmas\u0131, S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eelerin k\u00f6le ticareti ve \u0130slam dininin ya\u00ady\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrklerin rol\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin siyaset ile te\u015fkilatta aktif rol oynamalar\u0131 gibi hususlar detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sipehs\u00e2l\u00e2r: I. S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler <\/em>(78-87) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar taraf\u0131ndan S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eelerde ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine ilk olarak Horasan Sipehs\u00e2l\u00e2r\u0131 Muht\u00e2co\u011fullar\u0131ndan Eb\u00fb Bekir Muhammed b. el-Muzaffer\u2019in getirildi\u011fi ancak 16 May\u0131s 999\u2019da Gazneli h\u00e2kimiyeti ile S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Horasan Sipehs\u00e2l\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona er\u00admesi s\u00fcreci ana hatlar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Simc\u00fbr\u00eeler <\/em>(88-92) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler ad\u0131na kumandanl\u0131k ve valilik yapan bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk ailesi olan Simc\u00fbr\u00eelerin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en emirler kro\u00adnolojik olarak verilmi\u015f ve o d\u00f6nemde meydana gelen olaylar detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, doyurucu bibliyografya ile desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler Devleti <\/em>(93) ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar Gazneliler Devleti\u2019ni alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131klar a\u00e7arak detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde incelemi\u015f, devletin kurulu\u015fu s\u00fcrecini verdikten sonra Sultan Mahm\u00fbd D\u00f6nemi ve sonras\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup makalenin sonuna bibliyografya eklenmi\u015ftir. Kurulu\u015f Devri <\/em>(93-96) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda isimlerini ba\u015f\u00adkentleri Gazne \u015fehrinden alan devletin, S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile te\u00admellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Hindistan\u2019a kadar \u0130slam dinini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fcze\u00adrinde durulmu\u015ftur. Sultan Mahm\u00fbd <\/em>(97) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendisinin Seb\u00fckte\u00adgin\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu oldu\u011fu ve gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda devlet idaresinde g\u00f6rev almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sultan Mahm\u00fbd\u2019un S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eeler ile M\u00fcna\u00adsebeti <\/em>(97-99), Hint Seferleri <\/em>(99-106) ve Sultan Mahm\u00fbd Devrinin \u00d6teki Olay\u00adlar\u0131 <\/em>(107-110) isimli alt ba\u015fl\u0131klarda Sultan Mahmud D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 or\u00adtaya konmu\u015ftur. Sultan Muhammed <\/em>(110-111)\u2019de ise kendisinin Gazneli Dev\u00adleti b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin onay\u0131n\u0131 alarak tahta oturmas\u0131 ve a\u011fabeyi Mesud\u2019un isyan\u0131n\u00addan korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in taraftar bulabilmek ad\u0131na maiyetindekilere mal ve para da\u00ad\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesud\u2019un Taht\u0131 Ele Ge\u00e7irmek \u0130\u00e7in Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 <\/em>(111-112), Sultan Mesud ve \u0130lk \u0130craatlar\u0131 <\/em>(112-113), Sultan Mesud\u2019un Gazne\u2019ye Gelmesi ve Buradaki Faaliyetleri <\/em>(113-114) ve Deb\u00fbsiye Sava\u015f\u0131 <\/em>(114-115) ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 al\u00adt\u0131nda ise Sultan Mesud\u2019un Gazneli taht\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi s\u00fcrecinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015ftur. H\u00e2rezm\u2019de Harun\u2019un \u0130stikl\u00e2lini \u0130l\u00e2n Etmesi <\/em>(115) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00adt\u0131nda da yazar taraf\u0131ndan H\u00e2rezm h\u00e2kimi Harun\u2019un, Horasan\u2019da T\u00fcrkmenle\u00adrin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan faydalanarak hutbeyi ad\u0131na okutmas\u0131 \u00fczerine 18 Ni\u00adsan 1035\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u00fcreci de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Hindistan\u2019da Ahmed Y\u0131\u00adnaltegin\u2019in \u0130syan\u0131 <\/em>(115-116)\u2019nda ise Ahmed ve taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131\u00adr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Ahmed\u2019in kesik ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Gazne\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmesi s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Sultan\u2019\u0131n D\u00eehistan ve Taberistan Seferi <\/em>(116)\u2019nde de yap\u0131lan seferler neticesinde hara\u00e7lar al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve sultan\u0131n \u00c2m\u00fcl\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00adferden dolay\u0131 pi\u015fman olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Gazneli\u00adler\u2019in Nes\u00e2 Yenilgisi ve Sonraki Olaylar<\/em> (116-117) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yazar taraf\u0131n\u00addan Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n Nes\u00e2 ve Fer\u00e2ve vil\u00e2yetlerinin kendilerine verilmelerini iste\u00admeleri \u00fczerine iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta Gazneli ordusunun ma\u011flubiyeti ay\u00adr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u00e2\u00fcddevle Muhammed Kakuy\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130syanlar\u0131 <\/em>(117) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise \u0130sfahan h\u00e2kimi Muhammed\u2019in Sultan Mesud\u2019a t\u00e2bi olmak\u00adtan vazge\u00e7mesi \u00fczerine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele almas\u0131 s\u00fcreci okuyucuya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. Gazneli-Sel\u00e7uklu M\u00fccadelesi <\/em>(118) ve Son Gazneli Sultanlar ve Devletin Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 <\/em>(119-121) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda da Gazneli Devleti\u2019nin tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer bir ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan Seb\u00fcktegin\u2019in Pendn\u00e2mesi <\/em>(122-131) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; Fars\u00e7a yaz\u0131lan nasihatn\u00e2melerin en eskilerinden biri olan Pendn\u00e2me\u2019nin \u00f6nemi, i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu eserler, n\u00fcshalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerler ve ne\u015fri hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a doyurucu bilgiler yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7e\u00adrisinde ayr\u0131ca Gazneli Em\u00eeri Seb\u00fcktegin\u2019in \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren \u00fclkenin h\u00e2kimi oldu\u011fu g\u00fcne kadar ki hayat\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Yazara g\u00f6re nasihat niteli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu eser Seb\u00fcktegin taraf\u0131ndan o\u011flu Mahm\u00fbd\u2019a bir devleti y\u00f6netmenin inceliklerini anlatan vasiyetn\u00e2me \u00f6zelli\u011fi de ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler\u2019in Kirman H\u00e2kimiyeti<\/em> (1031-1034) <\/em>(153-162) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise; Sultan Mesud\u2019un tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren Kirman h\u00e2kimiyetine odaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan sefer ve neticesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler\u2019in Hindistan Siyaseti <\/em>(163-177) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yazar Avrupal\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin Gazneliler\u2019in Hindistan seferlerindeki esas amac\u0131n\u0131n mal\u00ee kazan\u00e7 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu siyasetin cihat yani \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini yaymak merkezli oldu\u011funu savunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler\u2019de Bir Saray Memuriyeti: Resuld\u00e2rl\u0131k<\/em> (178-184) ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de yazar taraf\u0131ndan Gazneliler te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir unsuru olan Resuld\u00e2rl\u0131k g\u00f6revine mercek tutulmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu kuruma ilk olarak Sultan Mahm\u00fbd\u2019un o\u011fullar\u0131 Mesud ve Muhammed aras\u0131ndaki taht m\u00fccadelesi es\u00adnas\u0131nda rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, Resuld\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n kelime anlam\u0131, g\u00f6revleri ve di\u011fer devletlerdeki i\u015fleyi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler\u2019de Te\u015fkilat ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr <\/em>(185-186) ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise kendi i\u00e7inde be\u015f ayr\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131k \u015feklinde i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta Gazneli devletinde y\u00f6neten ve y\u00f6netilenler aras\u0131nda net bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ayr\u0131ca sultanlar\u0131n otoritesinin S\u00fcnn\u00ee mezhebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla beraber kendinden \u00f6nceki devlet\u00adlerin izlerini de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Merkez Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 <\/em>(186)\u2019nda, Merkez y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00eev\u00e2nlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netildi\u011fi aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Vez\u00e2ret <\/em>(187-188), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Ris\u00e2let <\/em>(188), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Arz (D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Arz el-Cuy\u00fb\u015f) <\/em>(188-189), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 \u0130\u015fr\u00e2f (veya D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 \u015eugl-i \u0130\u015fr\u00e2f-\u0131 Memleket) <\/em>(189-190), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Vek\u00e2let (D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Vekil) <\/em>(190), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 \u0130stifa <\/em>(190), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Mez\u00e2lim (veya Meclis-i Mez\u00e2lim) <\/em>(190), D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 M\u00fcsadere <\/em>(191) ve D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Ber\u00eed <\/em>(191) gibi kurumlar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131n\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Adl\u00ee Sistem<\/em> (191-192)\u2019de ise Gazneliler\u2019de yarg\u0131 i\u015f\u00adlerini kad\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve devlet idaresinde \u00f6zel bir yeri olan Kad\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sul\u00adtan Mahm\u00fbd taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle se\u00e7ildi\u011fi aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ey\u00e2let Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 <\/em>(192) ismini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Burada genel itibariyle bir eyalette merkezdeki te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli \u015fubesi bulundu\u011fu ve bu \u015fubele\u00adrin neler oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra \u015eehirlerin \u0130daresi <\/em>(192-193)\u2019nde ise \u015fehirleri bir kalenin korumakta oldu\u011fu, \u015fehrin temizlik, g\u00fcvenlik vb. g\u00f6revle\u00adrinden sorumlu memurlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu da aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Ordu <\/em>(193-195) Gazneliler\u2019in geni\u015fleme siyasetine pa\u00adralel olarak profesyonel bir orduya sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve ordunun kimlerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu genel hatlar\u0131yla ifade etmektedir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan \u0130mar Faaliyetleri <\/em>(196) ise kendi i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla Em\u00eer Seb\u00fcktegin D\u00f6nemi (977-997) <\/em>(196), Sultan Mahm\u00fbd D\u00f6nemi (998-1030) <\/em>(196-198), Muhammed b. Mahm\u00fbd D\u00f6nemi (1030, ikinci kez 1040-1041) <\/em>(199), Mesud b. Mahm\u00fbd D\u00f6nemi (1030-1040) <\/em>(199-201), Sultan Mevdud b. Mesud D\u00f6nemi (1041-1048-49?) <\/em>(201), \u0130brahim D\u00f6nemi (1059-1099) <\/em>(201), III. Mesud D\u00f6nemi (1099-1115) <\/em>(201), Arslan\u015fah D\u00f6nemi (1116-1117) <\/em>(201), Behram\u015fah D\u00f6nemi (1117-1157?)<\/em> (201), Nasr b. Seb\u00fck\u00adtegin<\/em> (202), Emirlerin ve b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n Eserleri: Arslan C\u00e2zib <\/em>(202), El-Hasan Irak\u00ee Debir (\u00f6l. 6 \u015eaban 429\/14 May\u0131s 1038) <\/em>(202), Sur\u00ee (Horasan S\u00e2hib-i D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131) <\/em>(202), Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s \u0130sferayin\u00ee<\/em> (202), T\u00e2hir Deb\u00eer <\/em>(202), As\u0131gtegin Gazi (Sahib el-Cey\u015f) <\/em>(203), Hasenek (vezir) <\/em>(203), Eb\u00fb Nasr-\u0131 Mi\u015fkan (Sahib-i D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Ris\u00e2let) <\/em>(203), Nu\u015ftegin el-Hayr\u00ee (Em\u00eer el-H\u00e2cib) <\/em>(203), Cem\u00e2l el-M\u00fclk Eb\u00fb el-R\u00fc\u015fd b. Muhtac<\/em> (203), Ba\u011flar <\/em>(203) ve K\u00f6\u015fkler <\/em>(204)\u2019dir. Burada genel iti\u00adbariyle Gazneli Sultan ve devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n imar faaliyetlerine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem zengin dipnotlar ile desteklenmi\u015f olarak okuyucunun bilgisine sunulmu\u015ftur. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise Gazneliler Devrinde K\u00fclt\u00fcr <\/em>(204-215)\u2019d\u00fcr. Bu\u00adrada edebiyat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan parlak ge\u00e7en bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fairlere \u00f6nem verildi\u011fi, devrin pek \u00e7ok esere ve \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat\u00e7\u0131-\u015faire tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fe\u00adkilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer bir ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Gazneli Ordusunda G\u00f6rev Alan Hint\u00adliler<\/em> (216-229) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde orduda aktif halde g\u00f6rev alan Hintliler, m\u00fcelliflerin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendi\u00adrilmi\u015ftir. Yazar taraf\u0131ndan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde verilen yeni ve kapsaml\u0131 bilgilerle sa\u00adhadaki karanl\u0131k noktalar ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sipehs\u00e2l\u00e2r: II. Gazneliler, \u00d6zet <\/em>(230-245) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n son ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Burada genel itibariyle Gazneli Devleti\u2019nin idar\u00ee merkezinde \u00f6nemli bir makam olan ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimi, g\u00f6revleri, sorumluluklar\u0131 ve g\u00f6revde bulunan \u015fah\u0131slar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca burada verilen bilgiler bir tablo ve zengin bibliyografya ile desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Gazneli Devleti tarihiyle ilgilenen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in mutlaka in\u00adcelenmesi gereken \u00f6nemli eserler aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma kapsa\u00adm\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle te\u015fkilat, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan doyurucu bilgiler verilmi\u015f olup, Gazneliler\u2019in S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee Devleti\u2019nden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 ile yeni bir siyasi te\u015fekk\u00fcl olarak bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u00fcrecinin detaylar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Sadece Gazneli Devleti ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p o d\u00f6nemde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren emir\u00adlikler ve di\u011fer devletlerle olan siyasi, askeri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel vb. ili\u015fkilerin de aktar\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 ile okuyuculara geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgiler sunulmu\u015ftur. Prof. Dr. E. Mer\u00e7il\u2019in bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, Gazneli Devleti tarihi i\u00e7in her anlamda ba\u015fvurul\u00admas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli kitaplar aras\u0131nda yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nTarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Nesrin YILMAZ<\/strong>
\nnsrnylmz03@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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