{"id":4022,"date":"2018-12-06T10:22:59","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T08:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0174"},"modified":"2019-01-17T20:23:52","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T18:23:52","slug":"lbr-0174","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0174","title":{"rendered":"Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I-II-III"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"one_fourth\"><figure class=\"image_styled image_fit_mobile\" style=\"width:177px;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"image_frame effect-zoom\"><div class=\"image_shadow_wrap\">\n\t\t<a data-fittoview=\"true\" class=\"image_size_medium lightbox\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/lbr.2018044.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/strikingr\/images\/3954_lbr.2018044-175.jpg\" data-thumbnail=\"3954\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"three_fourth last\"><h2>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I-II-III<\/h2>\n<h3>David AYALON<\/h3>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>ISBN:<\/strong> 9789751630117<br \/>\n<strong>Page:<\/strong>\u00a0153<br \/>\n<strong>Publication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02015<br \/>\n<strong>Location:<\/strong> Ankara<br \/>\n<strong>Publisher:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"two_third\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><em>LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0IV (2018) 381-385<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>DOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018044<br \/>\n<strong>Received Date<\/strong>: 04.12.2018 | <strong>Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 05.12.2018<br \/>\n<strong>Online Publication Date<\/strong>: 06.12.2018<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2018<\/p>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"one_third last\"><div id=\"framed_box_51b1c173f90ba7f07997e85a01bb045c\" class=\"framed_box\">\n\t<div class=\"framed_box_content\">\n\t\t\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-45\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/lbr.2018044.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-46\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/references.jpg\" alt=\"references\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/lbr.2018044.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#refs\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" alt=\"info\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><b><a href=\"#refs\">Citation<\/a><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"framed_box_space\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>D. AYALON, <em>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I-II-III<\/em>. Ankara 2015. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 153 sayfa. <\/strong><strong>\u00c7ev. A. M. A\u011f\u0131r. ISBN: 9789751630117<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Meml\u00fbkler 1250-1517 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcs\u00adl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk devletlerinden birisidir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli devlet\u00adleri aras\u0131nda yer alan ve ken\u00addisi\u00adn\u00adden y\u00fczy\u0131llarca bahsettiren bir devlet olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Meml\u00fbklerin tarihi ise, olduk\u00e7a il\u00ad\u00adgi \u00e7ekicidir. Meml\u00fbkleri bu denli e\u015fsiz ve farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki idari yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n siste\u00admatik bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyi\u015fiydi. Bu da devletin te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki bu\u00ad\u00e7uk as\u0131r M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Meml\u00fbkler, devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Sel\u00e7uklulardan, Eyy\u00fbbilerden ve Fat\u0131m\u00eelerden etkilenmi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6ylece kendilerinden \u00f6nceki devletlerden alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 sis\u00adtematik bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirerek kendisinden s\u00f6z ettirecek bir idari yap\u0131 mey\u00addana getirmi\u015flerdir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Meml\u00fbk asker\u00ee sistemi temelde k\u00f6\u00adleli\u011fe dayanmaktayd\u0131. Ordu ve idari alanda geli\u015ftirilen uygulamalar sayesinde M\u0131\u00ads\u0131r\u2019da \u00f6nem\u00ad\u00adli bir yer elde etmi\u015f olan Meml\u00fbkler, k\u00f6lelikten h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselmi\u015flerdir. Bu eser David Ayalon\u2019un (<em>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies<\/em>)\u2019de yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f olan 90 sayfal\u0131k makalelerinin derlenme\u00adsiyle olu\u015fturulan bir yap\u0131tt\u0131r. Abdullah Mesut A\u011f\u0131r tara\u00adf\u0131n\u00addan dilimize \u00e7evrilen eserin orijinal ad\u0131 ise; \u201c<em>Studies on the Structure of the Maml\u00fbk Army<\/em>\u201d ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eser; <em>\u0130\u00e7indekiler <\/em>(IX-XII)<em>,<\/em> <em>K\u0131saltmalar <\/em>(XIII), <em>\u00c7evirmenin \u00d6n S\u00f6z\u00fc <\/em>(XV-XVII),\u00a0 <em>David Ayalon\u2019un Hayat\u0131 ve Eserleri <\/em>(XIX-XXII) ve<em> Esere Dair <\/em>(XXIV-XXV) k\u0131s\u0131m\u00adlar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p \u00fc\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan gelen<em> Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(143) ve <em>Dizin <\/em>(147) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla sona ermektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yazar, <em>\u00c7evirmenin \u00d6n S\u00f6z\u00fc <\/em>(XV-XVII) k\u0131sm\u0131nda bu konudaki literat\u00fcr hak\u00adk\u0131nda bilgi verdik\u00adten sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015f, akabinde \u00e7eviri\u00adnin meydana gelmesinde kat\u00adk\u0131s\u0131 olanlara te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerini sunmu\u015ftur. Sonraki k\u0131s\u0131mda ise yazar taraf\u0131ndan Meml\u00fbk Dev\u00adle\u00adti\u2019nin askeri tarihi sahas\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u00adcal\u0131kl\u0131 bir yere sahip olan David Ayalon\u2019un hayat\u0131 ve eserleri detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n giri\u015f olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz <em>Esere Dair <\/em>(XXIV-XXV) k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar taraf\u0131ndan; Meml\u00fbk Devleti\u2019nin men\u015fei hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgi\u00adler verilmekle beraber Meml\u00fbk d\u00f6nemine ait \u00f6nemli kaynaklara da de\u00ad\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n ilk ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan; <em>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u00admalar I <\/em>(3-42) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan <em>M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Mevzilenen Meml\u00fbk Ordusu <\/em>(3-5)\u2019nda, yazar \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kaynaklar da Meml\u00fbk ordusunun hangi bi\u00adrimlerden olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer vermi\u015f, kay\u00adnaklar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bilgi vermedi\u011fini ve bunun \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tezlerini or\u00adta\u00adya sunmu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kendi i\u00e7inde alt k\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. Bun\u00adlar\u0131n ilki olan <em>Sultan Meml\u00fbkleri <\/em>(6-23)\u2019de kendi alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131klara ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar <em>\u0130ktidarda Olan Sultan\u0131n Meml\u00fbklar\u0131 (m\u00fc\u015fterev\u00e2t, ecl\u00e2b, c\u00fclb\u00e2n) <\/em>(8-18), <em>H\u00e2ssakiyye (Muhaf\u0131z, Maiyet, Askerlik E\u011fitimi Alan Gen\u00e7) <\/em>(19-23) ve<em> M\u00fcstahdem\u00fbn <\/em>(23-25) ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar burada Sultan Meml\u00fbklerinin, Meml\u00fbk ordusunun bel kemi\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte\u00addir. Bunlar\u0131n ordunun en \u00f6nemli unsuru olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131ca sultana en yak\u0131n olan birlikler olmas\u0131ndan bahseder. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan <em>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Sultanlar\u0131n Meml\u00fbkleri <\/em>(25-29)\u2019nde yazar eski sultan Meml\u00fbkla\u00adr\u0131na \u201c<em>memalik\u00fb\u2019s-selatini\u2019l-mukkaddi\u00adme\u201d<\/em>, \u201c<em>kar\u00e2n\u00eesa\u201d<\/em> veya \u201c<em>kar\u00e2n\u00ees\u201d <\/em>denildi\u00ad\u011fini zikretmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca bunlar\u0131n sadece bir unvan ta\u00ad\u015f\u0131\u00admad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca efendilerin isimlerini de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tek alt b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcm\u00fc olan <em>Seyfiyye <\/em>(29-32)\u2019de ise yazar bunlar\u0131n <em>El-Memmalik\u00fc\u2019s Sultaniyye Es-Seyfiyye<\/em> \u015fek\u00adlinde adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan <em>Sultan Meml\u00fbk-lar\u0131n\u0131n ve Di\u011fer Birimlerin Mevcutlar\u0131<\/em> (32-42)\u2019nda ise devlet d\u00e2hilinde hizmet veren Mem\u00adl\u00fbk\u00adler hakk\u0131nda genel bilgiler verilmi\u015f\u00adtir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n ikinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <em>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar II <\/em>(45-88) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7inde <em>Halka Askerleri <\/em>(45-50) <em>Halka\u2019n\u0131n Gerile\u00admeye Ba\u015flanmas\u0131 <\/em>(50-57), <em>Evl\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019n-N\u00e2s <\/em>(57-60),<em> Sul\u00adtanlar\u0131n O\u011fullar\u0131 <\/em>(60-61)<em>, Ecn\u00e2d\u00fb\u2019l-Mieteyn <\/em>(62),<em> Em\u00eerlerin Meml\u00fbklar\u0131 <\/em>(62-66,)<em> Emirlerin Meml\u00fbklar\u0131n\u0131n Mevcudu <\/em>(66),<em> Bahri\u00adler D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(66-68),<em> \u00c7erkez\u00adler D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(68-69),<em> Tav\u00e2\u015fiyye <\/em>(70-73)<em>, Emirler ve Bunlar\u0131n R\u00fct\u00adbe\u00adleri <\/em>(74-80),<em> Meml\u00fbklar\u0131n \u0130lk D\u00f6nemlerinde Emirlerin R\u00fctbeleriyle ilgili olan Terimler <\/em>(81-85) ve <em>Emirlerin Terfisi <\/em>(86-88) gibi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7e\u00adrisinde ele al\u0131\u00adnan konularda genel itibariyle halka askerlerinin \u00f6zelliklerine, g\u00f6revlerine, kroniklerde bunla\u00adr\u0131n ele al\u0131n\u0131\u015f \u015fekillerine de\u011finilmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 unvanlar zikredilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yan\u00addan Hicri VII-VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan sonra halka askerlerinin gerilemesine sebebiyet veren sos\u00adyal, ekonomik ve co\u011frafi nedenler \u00fczerine durulmakla beraber, Meml\u00fbk d\u00f6nemi emirle\u00adrinin alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu en y\u00fcksek ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck r\u00fctbelere kadar detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde du\u00adrumlar\u0131 ortaya kon\u00admu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6nemin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 olaylar\u0131 da ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte zikredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <em>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00adlar III <\/em>(91-111)\u2019d\u0131r. Bu ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm de ilk iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm gibi kendi i\u00e7inde alt ba\u015fl\u0131klardan meydana gel\u00admektedir. \u0130lk alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Orduya Ba\u011fl\u0131 Olan B\u00fc\u00adrokratlar <\/em>(91)\u2019da yazar Meml\u00fbk ordusunu ve orduya ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ka\u00adtegoriye ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bunlar; k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 erbab\u0131, siviller ve son olarak kalem erbab\u0131d\u0131r. Bu alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n ilki de kendi i\u00e7erisinde, <em>Erb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019s-Suyuf (K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Erbab\u0131)<\/em>(91-105)<em>, N\u00e2ib\u00fc\u2019<\/em>s<em>-Saltana (M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ki Sultan\u0131n Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ya da N\u00e2ibi) <\/em>(91-93)<em>,<\/em> <em>Ata\u00adbek\u00fc\u2019l-Asa\u00adkir (Ba\u015fkomutan) <\/em>(93-94),<em> Emiru-Meclis (Meclis Emiri) <\/em>(95)<em>, Emiru-Silah (Silah Emiri) <\/em>(95), <em>Emiru-Meclis (Meclis Emiri) <\/em>(95),<em> Emiru Silah (Silah Emiri) <\/em>(95),<em> H\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l H\u00fccc\u00e2b (Te\u015fri\u00adfat\u00e7\u0131) <\/em>(95), <em>Re\u2019s\u00fc\u2019n-Nevbeti\u2019n-N\u00fcvv\u00e2b (Meml\u00fbk Birliklerinin Reisi) <\/em>(96-97),<em> Vezir <\/em>(97-98),<em> \u00dcst\u00e2dd\u00e2r (B\u00fcy\u00fck Vekilhar\u00e7) <\/em>(98),<em> H\u00e2zind\u00e2r el-Keb\u00eer (B\u00fcy\u00fck H\u00e2zined\u00e2r) <\/em>(98-99),<em> Dev\u00e2d\u00e2r el-Kebir (B\u00fcy\u00fck Devit\u00e7i) <\/em>(99),<em> Emiru Ah\u00fbr <\/em>(100)<em>, Emiru Cand\u00e2r <\/em>(101)<em> ,Nak\u00eeb\u00fc\u2019l-Cey\u015f <\/em>(102-103)<em>, Nak\u00eeb\u00fc\u2019l-Mem\u00e2lik <\/em>(103-104), <em>Mukaddem\u00fc\u2019l-Mem\u00e2lik\u00fc\u2019s-Sultaniyye <\/em>(104),<em> K\u00e2tib\u00fc\u2019l-Mem\u00e2\u00adl\u00eek\u00fc\u2019s-Sultaniyye (Sultan Meml\u00fbklar\u0131n\u0131n Yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) <\/em>(104) ve<em> Me\u00adlik\u00fc\u2019l-\u00dcmer\u00e2 (Emirlerin Meli\u00adki) <\/em>(104) gibi alt k\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yazar bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bunlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131na ve g\u00f6\u00adrev\u00adlerine de\u011finmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Erb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019l-Kalem (Kalem Erb\u00e2b\u0131)<\/em>\u2019de kendi i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde; <em>N\u00e2z\u0131r\u00fc\u2019l-Cey\u015f (Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi) <\/em>(105),<em> N\u00e2z\u0131r\u00fc\u2019l Haz\u00e2\u2019ini\u2019s-Silah (Silah Depolar\u0131n\u0131n Denet\u00admeni) <\/em>(105)<em>,<\/em> <em>N\u00e2z\u0131r\u00fc\u2019l Haz\u00e2\u2019ini\u2019s-Silah (Silah Depolar\u0131n\u0131n Denetmeni) <\/em>(105) ve<em> Naz\u0131\u00adr\u00fc\u2019l-Istabl\u00e2ti\u2019s-Sultaniyye (Devlet Atlar\u0131n\u0131n Denetmeni) <\/em>(106) olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ay\u00adr\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise;<em> El-M\u00fctaam\u00admim\u00fbn (Din\u00ee Makamlar) <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00adt\u0131n\u00addaki<em> Kad\u0131\u2019l-\u2018Asker (Ordu Yarg\u0131c\u0131) <\/em>(106-107), ve<em> Makamlardaki Geli\u015fim S\u00fcre\u00e7leri <\/em>(107-111) adl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klardan olu\u015f\u00admaktad\u0131r. Burada Meml\u00fbk ordusuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan b\u00fcrokratlar, Mem\u00adl\u00fbklerdeki en y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli emirler ve bu emirlerin ordu ve \u00fcmera \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6rev ve yetki\u00adleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca yazar; devlet d\u00e2hilindeki mevcut makamlarda, \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli olaylar neticesinde Meml\u00fbkler d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gidilmesinden bahset\u00admi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kendi i\u00e7inde <em>Ek A<\/em> (115-118) ve <em>Ek B<\/em> (119-142) \u015fek\u00adlinde iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <em>Ek A\u2019n\u0131n<\/em> alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 olan <em>El-Makr\u00eezi\u2019ye G\u00f6re Er-Rev\u00adk\u00fc\u2019n-Nas\u0131r\u00ee Esnas\u0131nda Ordu Mevcudu (H. 715) <\/em>(115-116), <em>Ez-Z\u00e2hiri\u2019ye G\u00f6re Meml\u00fbk Sultan\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Ordu Mevcudu <\/em>(117-118) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ise yazar Meml\u00fbk kaynaklar\u0131nda ordu say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda veri\u00adlen rakamlar\u0131 tespit etmekte ve de\u011ferlendirmektedir. <em>Ek B <\/em>k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ilk alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan<em> Kar\u00e2n\u00ees Kimler idi <\/em>(119-136)\u2019de yazar A. N. Poliak\u2019\u0131n \u201c<em>kar\u00e2n\u00ees\u201d<\/em> hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00adlerine ve bu Avrupal\u0131 yazar\u0131n metinlerine de\u011finmi\u015f ilerleyen sayfalarda ise, kendi tezle\u00adrini ortaya atarak Poliak\u2019\u0131n Kar\u00e2n\u00eesler hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada ya\u00adzar kar\u00e2n\u00eesleri, \u201c<em>Sultan Meml\u00fbklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan yabanc\u0131 kaynak\u00adlar\u0131n ak\u00adsine \u00f6nemsiz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen kar\u00e2n\u00eeslerin asl\u0131nda Meml\u00fbk d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nemli bir mevki sahip oldu\u011funu anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 olan, <em>Sava\u015fta Kar\u00e2n\u00ees ve M\u00fc\u015f\u00adterev\u00e2t <\/em>(136-137) ve <em>Kar\u00e2n\u00ees ve M\u00fc\u015fterev\u00e2t\u2019\u0131n \u00dccretleri <\/em>(137-139) ise ba\u015fl\u0131klarda ge\u00e7en komular ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n son ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Meml\u00fbklerde <em>\u0130kt\u00e2lar\u0131n Da\u00ad\u011f\u0131\u00adt\u0131m\u0131 <\/em>(140-142) ko\u00adnusu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Yazar burada en-Nas\u0131r Muham\u00admed d\u00f6neminde ordu say\u0131s\u0131, bu ordularda yer alan, Bedevi, T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fan Mem\u00adl\u00fbk ordular\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n mevcutlar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise yazar; Kar\u00e2n\u00eesler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 uy\u00adgu\u00adlanan adaletsiz muamelelerden bahsetmi\u015f\u00adtir. Bu muamelenin, maa\u015f \u00f6demelerinde de be\u00adlir\u00adgin bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar son olarak Meml\u00fbk Devleti\u2019nde ka\u00adra\u00adnislerin \u015ferefli bir konuma sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren iddialar\u0131 kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda red\u00addederek eserini sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitapta Meml\u00fbk Devletinin temel unsurunu olu\u015fturan ordu ve idarecilerin devlet ve \u00fcme\u00adraya kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rev ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri anlat\u0131lmakla birlikte, Meml\u00fbk d\u00f6nemine ait ana ve ya\u00adban\u00adc\u0131 kaynaklardan hareketle ya\u015fan\u0131lan olay\u00adlar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak okuyucular\u0131n dikkatine sunul\u00admu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca ana kaynaklar mukayeseli olarak de\u011ferlendirilmekte, Meml\u00fbk d\u00f6nemi idareci\u00adleri hakk\u0131nda genel bilgiler farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile birlikte ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Eserden anla\u00ad\u015f\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Memluklerin co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli etkeni iyi bir aske\u00adri ve idari te\u015fkilata sahip olmalar\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00f6yle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devleti ayakta tutan en \u00f6nemli etken de devletin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ordu ve idari te\u015fkilatlan\u00admalar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yd\u0131. Meml\u00fbklerde y\u00f6neten s\u0131n\u0131\u00adf\u0131n idarecilerinin her biri\u00adnin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri \u00fcstlenmesi sonu\u00e7 itibariyle devletin i\u015fleyi\u015fini en iyi sevi\u00adyeye ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6kl\u00fc bir devlet olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Meml\u00fbkler, kendi se\u00adlefleri olan Abbas\u00ee ve Eyyubilerden alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 bu idari sistemleri d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirerek ken\u00addi b\u00fcnyelerine uyarlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bilimsellikten uzak\u00adla\u015fmadan yal\u0131n ve sade bir dille yaz\u0131l\u00admaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu eser hem Meml\u00fbk ara\u015f\u00adt\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hem de bu alana merakl\u0131 olan t\u00fcm oku\u00adyu\u00adcu\u00adlar\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7e\u00adkebilecek bir eser olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesine k\u0131ymetli bir ese\u00adri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e literat\u00fcre kazand\u0131rma l\u00fctfunu g\u00f6steren ayr\u0131ca hocam\u0131za te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7 bilir ve bu \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 dileriz.<\/p>\n<div class=\"one_half\"><p><strong>Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi<br \/>\nTarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><div class=\"one_half last\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Rozelin D\u00d6ND\u00dc (MA)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>rozelin.rozelin@hotmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"divider_padding\"><\/div>\n<p><a name=\"refs\"><\/a><div class=\"tabs_container\"><ul class=\"tabs\"><li><a href=\"#\">Citation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Link<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"panes\"><div class=\"pane\">R. D\u00f6nd\u00fc, <em>Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I-II-III. <\/em>Yazar: D. Ayalon, <em>Libri<\/em> IV (2018) 381-385. DOI: 10.20480\/lbr.2018044<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p>Link:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0174<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D. AYALON, Meml\u00fbk Ordusunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I-II-III. Ankara 2015. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 153 sayfa. \u00c7ev. A. M. A\u011f\u0131r. ISBN: 9789751630117 Meml\u00fbkler 1250-1517 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcs\u00adl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk devletlerinden birisidir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli devlet\u00adleri aras\u0131nda yer alan ve ken\u00addisi\u00adn\u00adden y\u00fczy\u0131llarca bahsettiren bir devlet olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Meml\u00fbklerin tarihi ise, &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2018-en","category-booknotice-18-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4022"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4024,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions\/4024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}