{"id":3656,"date":"2018-01-27T13:42:24","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T11:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0134"},"modified":"2018-02-13T08:54:35","modified_gmt":"2018-02-13T06:54:35","slug":"lbr-0134","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0134","title":{"rendered":"Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ekonomisi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcccarlar (X-XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure>\u00a0<\/div>\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ekonomisi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcccarlar (X-XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar)<\/h2>\n

Ahmet N. \u00d6ZDAL<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786054944095
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0584
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02016
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 13-17<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018004
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 05.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 14.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n
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\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Citation<\/a>
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A. N. \u00d6ZDAL, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ekonomisi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcccarlar <\/em>(X-XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar). \u0130stanbul 2016. Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 584 sayfa. ISBN: 9786054944095<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekonomi, en basit \u015fekliyle, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretme ve \u00fcrettikle\u00adrini payla\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerinin ve bu eylemlerinden do\u011fan ili\u015fkilerin (ticaret) ta\u00admam\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Avrupa ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ticarete bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekteydi. \u0130slamiyet\u2019in di\u011fer din ve toplumlardan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir nokta da ticarete olan yakla\u015f\u0131\u00adm\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Eski\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da hem ticaretle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131p hem de erdemli olman\u0131n olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyordu. \u0130slamiyet ise bir din olarak ticareti ve iktisadi geli\u015fmeyi daima te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ekonomisi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcccarlar <\/em>adl\u0131 bu eserde \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde iktisat ve iktisadi geli\u015fmenin dinamikleri \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Yazar esere, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada referans verdi\u011fi kaynaklar\u0131n k\u0131sa tan\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131na yer vererek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011frudan ticareti ve ekonomiyi konu alan temel eserler, belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ticaretiyle u\u011fra\u015fanlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f el kitaplar\u0131, iktisat bilimi ve ticaretin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi eserler, \u015fehir-b\u00f6lge ve genel tarihler ile \u00fclke ve hanedan tarihlerine ili\u015fkin kaynak eserlerin \u00f6zet bilgilerini kaydetmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eserin Giri\u015f <\/em>(26-51) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Ticarete \u00d6vg\u00fc <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok toplu\u00admun tarih boyunca ticarete bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmekte ve \u0130slam dininin tica\u00adrete olan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 noktas\u0131nda di\u011fer toplumlardan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131l\u00admak\u00adtad\u0131r. Yine Giri\u015f<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde be\u015f ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcc\u00adcarlar\u0131n ticari faaliyet s\u00fcrecindeki detaylara yer verilmektedir. Ticari faaliyet s\u00fcrecindeki unsurlardan ilki olan kazan\u00e7 ve gelir elde etme konular\u0131na Kazan\u00e7 Yollar\u0131 <\/em>(30-42) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011finilmektedir. Burada \u0130bn Haldun, Maverdi ve \u0130sfahani gibi isimlerin meslekler ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi, t\u00fcccar\u00adlar\u0131n kazan\u00e7 yollar\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 i\u00e7eren temel kaynaklardan al\u0131nt\u0131 ve \u00f6rnekle\u00admeler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ticari faaliyet unsurlar\u0131ndan ikincisine \u2018\u00fcretim\u2019, \u2018t\u00fcke\u00adtim\u2019 ve \u2018birikim\u2019 kavramlar\u0131 ile mal y\u00f6netimi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Harcama Bi\u00e7imleri <\/em>(42-45) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer verilmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc unsur olan Ticaret Ahlak\u0131<\/em> (46-47) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda me\u015fru kazan\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve ticarette dikkat edilmesi gereken konular, helal ve haram kazan\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri ve t\u00fcccar-m\u00fc\u015fteri ili\u015fkilerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131 dini perspektife dayal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ticari emtia\u00adn\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 usul\u00fc ve stoklama usullerindeki me\u015fru ve gayrime\u015fru y\u00f6nlerin betimlendi\u011fi konulara ise ticari faaliyet s\u00fcrecinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc unsuru olarak Ticaret Usulleri<\/em> (48-51) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer verilmektedir. Kitab\u0131n Giri\u015f<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fc\u00adm\u00fcn\u00adde ticaretin son unsuru Bir \u0130\u015fi Kurup Geli\u015ftirmek-B\u00fcy\u00fctmek<\/em> (51-66) ba\u015fl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Burada k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 sermayeyle de olsa giri\u015fimci olmak, ticaret yapabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan sermayeyi olu\u015fturmak ve s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015fla\u00adyanlar i\u00e7in sermayeyi art\u0131rmak, ticaret ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve uzun mesafeli ticari fa\u00adali\u00adyetler ile para kazanmak gibi konular ve bu konular\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnya\u00ads\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcretim ve ticaret s\u00fcrecinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131la\u00adbilecek olan zarar ve iflas gibi olas\u0131 durumlar\u0131n da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yine bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u015fans fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyece\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan kitab\u0131n birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130ktisadi Durum<\/em> (67-130) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00dcretim<\/em> (67-87), Piyasalar<\/em> (88-129), \u0130ktisadi \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/em> (130-136) ve Para<\/em> (137-163) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada Mezo\u00adpotamya, M\u0131s\u0131r, Hindistan ve \u00c7in gibi nehir havzalar\u0131nda kurulan ilk yerle\u015fik uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fcretim faaliyetleri ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgeleri detaylar\u0131yla anla\u00adt\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretim<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan Tar\u0131msal \u00dcretim B\u00f6lgeleri<\/em> ve \u00dcre\u00adtici Gruplar\u0131<\/em> alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anlat\u0131lan konular ise bu gruplar\u0131n detaylar\u0131na ili\u015f\u00adkin bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, Orta\u00e7a\u011f ekonomisi b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131yd\u0131. Emeviler, Abbasiler ve Sel\u00e7uklular i\u00e7in tar\u0131m, ekonominin bel kemi\u00ad\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ise \u00fcretici gruplar ara\u00ads\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tarla i\u015flerinde kocalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar, aralar\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu \u015fekilde k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u00fcretime aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin sabit \u00fcretici konumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7ebeler de \u00fcretici gruplar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bununla ilgili sahalarda \u00fcretim faaliyetlerinde bulunuyorlard\u0131. \u0130kinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Piyasalar<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise Arz-Talep ve Ge\u00e7im <\/em>ile Kriz ve K\u0131tl\u0131k<\/em> konular\u0131 iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131k \u015feklinde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada, piyasa fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen \u00e7oklu \u015fart\u00adlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lmakla birlikte piyasalar i\u00e7in arzu edilen durum, as\u00adgari ge\u00e7im miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131, refah seviyesi ve piyasalar\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u00ads\u0131ndan kentler aras\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n medenile\u015fme d\u00fczeyindeki fark\u00adl\u0131l\u0131klarla ili\u015fkisi gibi konulara de\u011finilmektedir. Kriz ve K\u0131tl\u0131k konusunda ise ya\u015fanan bu krizlerin nedenleri incelenmekte ve bu krizlerin pek \u00e7o\u011funun tetikleyicisinin do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespitine var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Metin i\u00e7erisinde ise bu tespitler \u00f6rneklerle desteklenmektedir. Yine ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda 950-1150 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki krizlerin tarihsel bir \u00f6zeti tablo bi\u00e7iminde kaydedilmektedir. Kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u0130ktisadi \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u2019te tarih\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda parlak \u0130slam medeniyetinin bilim, felsefe ve ekonomi gibi pek \u00e7ok alanda eski ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirip bir geri\u00adleme s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fine dair genel bir kan\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funu ancak bu genel kan\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu gereklili\u011fi do\u011furan neden\u00adse X. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren art\u0131k tek bir \u0130slam medeniyetinden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u0130slam uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00adlesi bir ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ya\u015fanamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde ifade edilmektedir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise Para <\/em>olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Burada paran\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fim arac\u0131 olma, mal ve hizmetlerin de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olma ve gelecekteki i\u015flemler i\u00e7in de\u011fer rezervi olma fonksiyonlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmakta ve bu fonksiyonlar\u0131n icra edile\u00adbilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da paran\u0131n de\u011feri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca para ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve paran\u0131n de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerin nedenleri de bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm Ticaret<\/em> (164-341) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, Sat\u0131nal\u0131m<\/em> (164-189), Yollar ve G\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar<\/em> (189-235), Nakliyat ve Lojistik<\/em> (236-276), Sat\u0131\u015f<\/em> (277-314) ve Pazarlama<\/em> (315-341) olarak be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131k \u015feklinde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada ticaret kolonileri, sat\u0131n alma adetleri, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke adetleri, ticaret yollar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve \u0130slam uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, kervan ve deniz yolculu\u011fu ve bu yol\u00adlardaki olas\u0131 tehlikeler anlat\u0131lmakta bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131ktaki liman ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck konular\u0131 ve serbest dola\u015f\u0131m belgelerine ait bilgiler ve depolama y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kentlerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlar, ge\u00e7ici pazar\u00adlar, fuar ve panay\u0131rlar ile buralardaki pazarlama ve fiyatland\u0131rma konular\u0131na dair detayl\u0131 bilgiler de kaydedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ticari \u0130\u015flem<\/em> (342-391) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise \u00d6deme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em> (342-345), Bankac\u0131l\u0131k<\/em> (346-352), K\u0131ymetli Evrak<\/em> (352-356), Borsa Oyunlar\u0131<\/em> (356-358), Ticari Ortakl\u0131klar<\/em> (358-362), Ticari Yaz\u0131\u015fmalar<\/em>, Muhasebe ve Bel\u00adgeler<\/em> (362-366), Posta\/\u0130leti\u015fim Sistemi<\/em> (367-368) ve \u0130\u015fletmecilik <\/em>(368-391) ola\u00adrak sekiz alt ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda detayland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcn\u00adyas\u0131nda para ve de\u011ferli metallerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra de\u011ferli ta\u015flar, pamuklu kuma\u015flar, istiridye, midye, salyangoz ve deniz kabuklar\u0131 gibi materyallerin de \u00f6deme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminde Orta\u00e7a\u011f ban\u00adka\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n modern bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 olan bor\u00e7 verme, emanet para kabul etme ve darphane ile halk aras\u0131nda arac\u0131l\u0131k yapma unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ticari faaliyet s\u00fcrecinde kaybolma, gasp, ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131nma gibi nakit ta\u015f\u0131ma risklerine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen tedbir nite\u00adli\u011findeki \u2018suftece\u2019 ad\u0131nda k\u0131ymetli evraklar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnya\u00ads\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bu suftece<\/em> sisteminin detaylar\u0131na yer verilmektedir. Yine bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ticari ortakl\u0131klar, bu ortakl\u0131klar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya konulan sermaye ve elde edilen kar payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullar a\u00e7\u0131klanmakla birlikte ticari yaz\u0131\u015f\u00admalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan belgeler de \u00f6rneklendirilerek a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam devletlerinin tamam\u0131nda ad\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi b\u00f6lgeden b\u00f6l\u00adgeye de\u011fi\u015fen posta sistemlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u0130\u015fletmecilik unsuru olarak Suriye \u00f6rne\u011finden hareketle sabun imalat\u0131, Basra K\u00f6rfezi \u00f6rne\u00ad\u011finden hareketle inci avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, maden ve de\u011ferli ta\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcl suyu ve esans\u0131 \u00fcretimi, \u015feker \u00fcretimi, hamam i\u015fletmecili\u011fi, i\u00e7me suyu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, so\u011futma teknolojisinin geli\u015ftirilmesiyle birlikte buz sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131\u00adlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm T\u00fcccar<\/em> (392-509) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Hayat Standartlar\u0131, G\u00fcndelik Ya\u015fam ve Al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar <\/em>(392-427), T\u00fcccar & Ailesi<\/em> (428-437), Sosyal\/Dini Sorumluluk<\/em> (437-440), Toplumsal Konum ve Sosyal Stat\u00fc<\/em> (440-444), Ba\u011flant\u0131lar & Networking<\/em> (445-455), \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme<\/em> (456-487) ve T\u00fcccar-Etkileri<\/em> (488-509) olarak yedi alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Burada t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131, kazan\u0131m ve sermayeleri, birikim ve miras\u00adlar\u0131, Orta\u00e7a\u011fdaki ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri, aktif ticari ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri, t\u00fcccar\u00adlar\u0131n kariyer ve kariyer s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u00addaki gulam<\/em> sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve k\u00f6leler d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri, giyim tarz\u00adlar\u0131, edinilmi\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, yine Orta\u00e7a\u011f t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n hak arama ve ticari zek\u00e2 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine de\u011finilmektedir. \u0130kinci a\u015famada Orta\u00e7a\u011f t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n aileleri ve onlar\u0131n ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Yine t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye sahiplerinin, servetlerini art\u0131rma u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeyken sosyal ve dini sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. T\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sosyal stat\u00fcleri ve toplumdaki yerlerine ili\u015fkin s\u0131ralamalara yer verilmektedir. Ticari ili\u015fkiler kurma ve yeni i\u015f kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 noktas\u0131ndaki net\u00adworkler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme konusunda Karim\u00ee ve Sol\u00ee t\u00fcccar \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00adlerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131na yer verilmektedir. Takibinde \u0130pekyolu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131, Bulgar t\u00fcc\u00adcarlar, Ma\u011fribi t\u00fcccarlar, \u015eii t\u00fcccarlar gibi pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcccar diaspora<\/em>s\u0131 anla\u00adt\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar ve bu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ticari e\u011filim ve faaliyetleri ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnler, gemicilik teknikleri, teknoloji ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 konular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelinde ticari faaliyetlerin \u00f6nemi ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki etkilerine vurgu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yine bu noktada ileti\u015fimin temel unsuru olan ortak ticaret dillerinden de s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak kitapta Orta\u00e7a\u011f ekonomisinin belirleyici unsurlar\u0131, Orta\u00e7a\u011f M\u00fcs\u00adl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ticaret olgusuna bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, \u00fcretim faaliyetleri ve bu s\u00fc\u00adre\u00e7teki manevi dinamiklerin detaylar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Or\u00adta\u00e7a\u011f Ekonomisi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcccarlar<\/em> adl\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Orta\u00e7a\u011f ara\u015ft\u0131r\u00admac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullanabilece\u011fi nitelikli bir eser olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Gizem MUSUL (Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r.)\u00a0<\/strong>
\ngizemmusul@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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