{"id":3633,"date":"2018-01-27T14:45:09","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T12:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0139"},"modified":"2018-02-12T21:17:21","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T19:17:21","slug":"lbr-0139","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0139","title":{"rendered":"Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler 1243-1353"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"one_fourth\"><figure class=\"image_styled image_fit_mobile\" style=\"width:177px;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"image_frame effect-zoom\"><div class=\"image_shadow_wrap\">\n\t\t<a data-fittoview=\"true\" class=\"image_size_medium lightbox\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/lbr.2018009.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/strikingr\/images\/3430_lbr.2018009-175.jpg\" data-thumbnail=\"3430\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"three_fourth last\"><h2>Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler 1243-1353<\/h2>\n<h3>Serdar \u00c7AVU\u015eDERE<\/h3>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>ISBN:<\/strong> 9786059787543<br \/>\n<strong>Page:<\/strong>\u00a0232<br \/>\n<strong>Publication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017<br \/>\n<strong>Location:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul<br \/>\n<strong>Publisher: <\/strong>Yeditepe Yay\u0131nevi<\/p><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"two_third\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<strong><em>LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 45-49<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>DOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018009<br \/>\n<strong>Received Date<\/strong>: 12.01.2018 | <strong>Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 18.01.2018<br \/>\n<strong>Online Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"one_third last\"><div id=\"framed_box_888395b7fb96593a7f9e4f02465d2ce3\" class=\"framed_box\">\n\t<div class=\"framed_box_content\">\n\t\t\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-45\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/lbr.2018009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-46\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/references.jpg\" alt=\"references\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/lbr.2018009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#refs\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" alt=\"info\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><b><a href=\"#refs\">Citation<\/a><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"framed_box_space\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>S.\u00a0\u00c7AVU\u015eDERE, <em>Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler 1243-1353<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2017. Yeditepe Yay\u0131nevi, 232 sayfa. <\/strong><strong>ISBN: 9786059787543<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Serdar \u00c7avu\u015fdere y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 2007\u2019de Kahramanmara\u015f S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde; doktoras\u0131n\u0131 2014\u2019te, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ens\u00adti\u00adt\u00fc\u00ads\u00fc\u2019nde tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2010-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Venedik\u2019te Ca\u2019Fos-cari \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Orta\u00e7a\u011f Akdeniz Tarihi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulun\u00admu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin 13. ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Akdeniz\u2019deki ve Ege\u2019deki faaliyetlerine odaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngilizce ve \u0130talyanca bilen \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019nin, bu alanda \u00e7eviri ve telif akademik makalelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kitaplar\u0131 da bulun\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Serdar \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019nin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sundu\u011fumuz <em>Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler <\/em>adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 <em>Giri\u015f <\/em>k\u0131sm\u0131na ek olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ve bir ek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. <em>Giri\u015f <\/em>(13-17) k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ile 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019de ya\u015fanan siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fekillendiren olaylar\u0131n etkilerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n olaylar\u0131n ilki olarak Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin Anadolu\u2019ya girerek Bat\u0131 Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar ula\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bahsi ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemden \u00f6nce Akdeniz\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, kuzeyinde ise Do\u011fu Romal\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetinden bahsedilerek; bu durumun Avrupa\u2019ya \u00f6zellikle ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlu\u011fun Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin nedenlerinden birisi ol\u00addu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu seferlerin Akdeniz\u2019deki aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve seferlerden kay\u00adnak\u00adlanan ekonomik kazan\u00e7lardan \u0130talyan \u015fehir devletlerinin faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifa\u00adde edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kazan\u00e7lar o kadar \u00f6nemliydi ki Venedik IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ordu\u00adsunu \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u0130stanbul\u2019a y\u00f6neltmi\u015f, burada bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 devleti kurulmu\u015f; Venedik de hakimiyet alan\u0131n\u0131 Ege\u2019de geni\u015fletmi\u015fti. \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019ye g\u00f6re, Ege Denizi havzas\u0131 gerek co\u011frafi konumu gerekse ticari de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi. Nitekim ona g\u00f6re 1291\u2019de Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019dan at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri planlar\u0131 Vene\u00addik ve Cenova\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda buraya do\u011fru kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131m\u00adc\u0131yla Ege\u2019ye kayacakt\u0131: Bat\u0131 Anadolu Beylikleri ve Katalanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Venedik Cumhuriyeti, Papal\u0131k, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri, Cene\u00advizliler, Napoli Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mora Prensli\u011fi ve Ege\u2019deki siyasi yap\u0131\u00adlar&#8230; \u0130\u015fte kitap bu m\u00fccadeleye odaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <em>Ege\u2019nin Yeni Sakinleri: T\u00fcrkler ve Latinler 1243-1304 <\/em>(21-42) \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ilk olarak Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin faaliyetlerine de\u011finilmi\u015f; 1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lgede Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00e2kimiyetinin zay\u0131f\u00adlad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Sonras\u0131nda, ba\u015fkentini \u0130znik\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f olan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrkmenlerin ilerleyi\u015fine engel ol\u00admak istediyse de bunu ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la girilirken b\u00f6lgede beyliklerin kuruldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu Roma paral\u0131 Katalan b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye getirdiyse de bunlar bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00fccretlerini alama\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Do\u011fu Roma topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalay\u0131p Atina\u2019ya gitmi\u015flerdir. \u00dcstelik Katalanlar ile T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda dostlu\u011fun peyda oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekil\u00admi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son k\u0131sm\u0131nda Venedikliler ve Cenoval\u0131lar\u0131n Ege\u2019de 1204-1304 aras\u0131ndaki yay\u0131lmalar\u0131 mevzu bahis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>T\u00fcrkler\u2019in Ege\u2019de \u0130lerleyi\u015fi ve \u201cPassagium Parti\u00adculare\u201d 1304-1334 <\/em>(45-108) \u015feklindedir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk konusu Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi projesidir. Buna g\u00f6re Papal\u0131k, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi hedefini &#8211; Do\u011fu Ro\u00adma\u2019n\u0131n da yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda- do\u011frudan Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk\u00adlere \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Sonras\u0131nda Cenoval\u0131 Zaccaria ailesinin Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve Fo\u00ad\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 Do\u011fu Roma h\u00e2kimiyetinden nas\u0131l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece bu aile\u00adnin de Ege\u2019deki siyasi m\u00fccadelede taraf olarak yer almas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7a\u00advu\u015fdere akabinde, 1291\u2019de Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019dan at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yerle\u015fen Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri\u2019nin, 1306-1309 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rodos Adas\u0131\u2019na sahip olma\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re bu hareket geni\u015f bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi politikas\u0131 olan <em>passagium generale<\/em>\u2019den s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir alan\u0131 kapsayan <em>passagium particulare\u2019<\/em>ye ge\u00e7i\u015fin en somut \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Yeni oyuncular\u0131n da devreye girmesiyle Ege\u2019de \u00e7a\u00adt\u0131\u015fma kendisini g\u00f6stermi\u015f; Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri, Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrklerle ticareti yasaklayan emrine uymad\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle, Venedik ve Ceneviz gemilerine sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcrkler, Cenevizliler ile ittifak yaparak Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri\u2019ne sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar; Yunanistan\u2019daki Katalanlarla beraber hareket ede\u00adrek ya\u011fma hareketlerinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Yazara g\u00f6re \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bera\u00adber hareket eden beyliklerin (Karesi, Saruhan, Ayd\u0131no\u011flu ve Mente\u015fe) asker\u00adleri Zaccaria ailesi ile Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri\u2019ne ait topraklara sald\u0131r\u0131rken; deniz sava\u015flar\u0131nda genellikle T\u00fcrkler ma\u011flup oluyordu. Ancak bu durum ak\u0131nlar\u0131 en\u00adgel\u00adlemeye yetmemekteydi. \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019ye g\u00f6re, Ayd\u0131n-Mente\u015fe beylikleri\u00adnin 1318-1329 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Katalanlar ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ittifak neticesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ak\u0131nlar Venediklilerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edince Venedikli Ma\u00adrino Sanudo Torsello, yar\u0131-resmi olarak, bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi i\u00e7in ilgililer nezdin\u00adde giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu giri\u015fimler istenilen neticeleri elde edemese de Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Beyli\u011fi\u2019nden Gazi Umur Bey\u2019in ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Saruhan Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin ak\u0131n\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi Ege\u2019deki Latinlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu i\u00e7in de tehlikeli hale gelmi\u015fti. Di\u011fer yandan Karesi T\u00fcrkleri de Trak\u00adya\u2019daki Do\u011fu Roma topraklar\u0131na ve kuzey Ege\u2019deki adalara ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fc\u00adyordu. Yazara g\u00f6re ak\u0131nlar\u0131n devam etmesi Venedik\u2019i harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015fi ve cumhuriyet pek \u00e7ok devleti T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturulacak donanmaya kat\u0131lma\u00adya davet etmi\u015ftir. Fakat Venedik\u2019in bu giri\u015fimine sadece Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri kat\u00adk\u0131da bulundu. \u00dcstelik Venedik giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken And\u0131no\u011flu Beyi Ga\u00adzi Umur Bey, Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131 ile birlikte Mora\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ak\u0131n d\u00fczen\u00adlemi\u015ftir. Venedik ve Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 do\u00adnanmas\u0131 Karesi Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yok etmi\u015f; Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin elindeki \u0130zmir\u2019e bir sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlediyse de ba\u015far\u0131 elde edememi\u015ftir. \u00c7avu\u015fde\u00adre\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu ittifak olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu 1338 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u00fcre durdurmaktan ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son b\u00f6l\u00fcm olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm <em>Ege\u2019de Egemenlik M\u00fccadelesi ve \u0130zmir Ha\u00e7\u00adl\u0131 Seferi 1334-1353 <\/em>(111-172) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk konular\u0131 Venedik\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu ittifak\u0131 canl\u0131 tutma iste\u011fi ile Ceneviz\u00adlilerin Do\u011fu Roma\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Midilli\u2019ye sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Beyi Umur Bey\u2019e yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda Venedik\u2019in Ayd\u0131n ve Men\u00adte\u015fe Beylikleri ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Umur Bey\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fine yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7avu\u015fdere, Umur Bey\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi \u00fczerine 1343 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturulan Venedik-Papal\u0131k-Rodos-K\u0131br\u0131s Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Ege\u2019nin yerli Latin h\u00e2kimlerinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ittifak\u0131n kurulu\u015funa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Do\u00adnan\u00adman\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019in liman kalesini al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Umur Bey\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar devam eder\u00adken bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ilerleme olmay\u0131nca m\u00fcttefik Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu aras\u0131n\u00adda ge\u00e7imsizlik ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Yazar bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ittifakta yer almayan Ceno\u00adval\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrklere alenen yard\u0131m ettiklerini de ifade etmi\u015ftir. Sonras\u0131nda ta\u00adraflar aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat bir netice elde edilemeyince Umur Bey Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019in liman kalesinde ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na al\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fatma s\u00fcrerken Umur Bey \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, yerine ge\u00e7en H\u0131z\u0131r Bey ile Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma ise, yazara g\u00f6re Papa taraf\u0131ndan onaylan\u00admad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daimi olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019ye g\u00f6re Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar i\u00e7eren bu antla\u015fman\u0131n bir h\u00fckm\u00fc de kalmam\u0131\u015f; taraflar \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 neticesinde politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00adm\u00fc\u015f\u00adlerdir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitab\u0131n <em>Sonu\u00e7 <\/em>(173-181) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n odak noktas\u0131nda; Akde\u00adniz\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fen dengeler neticesinde Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri plan\u0131n\u0131n Ege\u2019ye kaymas\u0131y\u00adla \u0130zmir\u2019e d\u00fczenlenen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin arka plan\u0131nda yatan tarihi ger\u00e7ekleri ortaya koymak oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. 1291-1353 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile H\u0131\u00adristiyanlar aras\u0131nda yeni bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemi oldu\u011funu belirten yazar, Akde\u00adniz\u2019deki ve Ege\u2019deki akt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011fi ile \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bazen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen bazen de kesi\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00fczerinde durulan di\u011fer \u00f6nemli husus oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra yazar 10. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Akdeniz\u2019de g\u00fc\u00e7lenen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman h\u00e2kimiyetinin Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne ve Reconqu\u00adista Hareketi\u2019ne neden oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Yazara g\u00f6re 1204\u2019teki IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi \u00f6ncekilerden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve Akdeniz ile Ege\u2019deki de\u011fi\u015fmeleri yak\u0131ndan etkilemi\u015ftir. Olu\u015fan yeni ortama T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccade\u00adlenin de eklenmesiyle Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi planlar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi Kutsal Topraklar\u2019dan T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerine kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazara g\u00f6re hedef teoride Kutsal Topraklar olsa da H\u0131ristiyan Bat\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131, ittifaklarla ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Sefer\u00adleri ile Ege\u2019de T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Serdar \u00c7avu\u015fdere\u2019nin bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tarihin pek \u00e7ok alan\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olan bir d\u00f6nemi kapsamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Ege\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fimin ol\u00addu\u011fu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 d\u00f6nemin kaynaklar\u0131ndan istifade edilerek son derece g\u00fczel bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir. Yazar\u0131n kaynaklara h\u00e2kimiyeti gerek metin i\u00e7erisinde, dipnotlarda ve gerekse <em>Ekler <\/em>(201-221) k\u0131sm\u0131nda verilen kaynaklardan al\u0131nt\u0131\u00adlarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7o\u011funlukla siyasi ve askeri bir anlat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir. Zaman zaman kullan\u0131lan uzun c\u00fcmle\u00adler anlat\u0131mda ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilemektedir. \u00d6te yandan bu alanda kendinden sonra yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 hasebiyle tarih\u00e7ili\u011fimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir eserdir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"one_half\"><p><strong>Marmara \u00dcniversitesi<br \/>\nT\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><div class=\"one_half last\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Abdurrahman Onur \u00c7ALI\u015eIR (MA)\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>onrcalisir@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"divider_padding\"><\/div>\n<p><a name=\"refs\"><\/a><div class=\"tabs_container\"><ul class=\"tabs\"><li><a href=\"#\">Citation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Link<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"panes\"><div class=\"pane\"><p>A. O. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, <em>Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler 1243-1353<\/em><em>.<\/em> Yazar: S. \u00c7avu\u015fdere, <em>Libri<\/em> IV (2018) 45-49. DOI: 10.20480\/lbr.2018009<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p>Permanent Connection Link:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0139<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S.\u00a0\u00c7AVU\u015eDERE, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkler 1243-1353. \u0130stanbul 2017. Yeditepe Yay\u0131nevi, 232 sayfa. ISBN: 9786059787543 Dr. Serdar \u00c7avu\u015fdere y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 2007\u2019de Kahramanmara\u015f S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde; doktoras\u0131n\u0131 2014\u2019te, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ens\u00adti\u00adt\u00fc\u00ads\u00fc\u2019nde tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2010-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Venedik\u2019te Ca\u2019Fos-cari \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Orta\u00e7a\u011f Akdeniz Tarihi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulun\u00admu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin 13. ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Akdeniz\u2019deki ve Ege\u2019deki &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2018-en","category-booknotice-18-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}