{"id":3623,"date":"2018-01-27T15:25:58","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T13:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0141"},"modified":"2018-02-12T21:02:06","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T19:02:06","slug":"lbr-0141","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0141","title":{"rendered":"Yunan ve Roma\u2019da \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yunan ve Roma\u2019da \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Tuna AK\u00c7AY<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786059636131
\nPage:<\/strong> 218
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong> Ankara
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Bilgin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 55-58<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018011
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 13.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 19.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n

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T. AK\u00c7AY, Yunan ve Roma\u2019da \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc<\/em>. Ankara 2017. Bilgin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 218 sayfa (141 resim ve 1 harita ile birlikte). ISBN: 9786059636131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcm haberinin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te geli\u015fen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u00adta\u00ady\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00d6l\u00fc k\u00fcltleri, \u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili olarak inan\u00e7 ve rit\u00fcelleri belirle\u00adyen, \u00f6l\u00fclerin durumunu, \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131nda geride kalanlar\u0131n ne yapmalar\u0131 ge\u00adrekti\u011fini d\u00fczenleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Gazi \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde akademisyen olan ve antik\u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme adetle\u00adri, \u00d6nasya\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme adetleri, Roma dini ve inanc\u0131 gibi alanlar\u0131nda ara\u015f\u00adt\u0131r\u00adma yapan ve de dersler veren Tuna Ak\u00e7ay taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan bu kitap \u00d6n\u00ads\u00f6z, Giri\u015f, I. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, II. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, III. B\u00f6l\u00fcm, Roma Festivalleri Listesi, Roma \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fcl\u00adt\u00fc S\u00f6z\u00adl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Kaynaklar, Sonnotlar ve Resimler b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fmakta\u00add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yazar \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm ve \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc ile ilgili genel tan\u0131mlamalar yap\u00adm\u0131\u015f ve eserinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enlere te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerini sunmu\u015ftur. Giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaysa \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcne ait bilimsel verileri kuramsal bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde yorumlaman\u0131n ve irdelemenin en do\u011fru y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in arkeolojik materyalin sadece bir ara\u00e7 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, esas amac\u0131n insano\u011flunun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131\u00adl\u0131p yorumlanmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n I. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cK\u00fclt Nedir?\u201d ve \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Nedir\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015f\u00admaktad\u0131r. K\u00fclt kavram\u0131 etimolojik olarak incelenmi\u015f, k\u00fcltlerin olu\u015fma\u00ads\u0131na, \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine etki eden fakt\u00f6rler s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc kav\u00adram\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi (cenaze rit\u00fceli, \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme adetleri, mezara b\u0131ra\u00adk\u0131lan rit\u00fcel nesneleri, kurban, libasyon, \u00f6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi, mezar mimarisi, mezar tipolojisi, \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonraki anma rit\u00fclleri) verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n II. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Erken Tarihi\u201d, \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Rit\u00fcelleri\u201d, \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Rit\u00fcellerinin Erken Tarihi\u201d ve \u201cYunan ve Roma D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Rit\u00fcelleri\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Erken Tarihi\u201d konu\u00adsun\u00adda bu konudaki ilk arkeolojik verilerin, Homo Neanderthalensis\u2019in yaratt\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu ve Orta Paleolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 300.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Epi-aleolitik, Neolitik, Kal\u00adkolitik, Tun\u00e7 ve Demir \u00e7a\u011flar mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek verilerek resimlerle desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Rit\u00fcelleri\u201d konusu ise Kurban, Libasyon ve \u00d6l\u00fc Yeme\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda verilmi\u015ftir. Kurban konusunda \u00f6nce kelime etimolojik olarak incelen\u00admi\u015f; bu konuda Mezopotamya (\u00f6zellikle S\u00fcmerler) ve Anadolu (Alacah\u00f6y\u00fck, Resulo\u011flu, Hatti, Hitit, Urartu, Frig, Lydia) \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Kurban ko\u00adnu\u00adsu a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131rken S\u00fcmer, Hitit ve Frig metinlerinden de yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Libasyon konusunda ise en s\u0131k rastlanan libasyon \u015feklinin sunaklar\u0131n \u00fczerine yap\u0131lanlar oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Libasyonun en erken uygulamalar\u0131 konusun\u00adda yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerin bulundu\u011fu Mezopotamya\u2019dan ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Ege k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, Hititler, Urartular ve Friglerdeki libasyon \u00f6rnekleri arkeolojik eserlerin resimleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi konusunda \u00f6zellikle dinsel inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve Mezopotamya\u2019da \u00e7ok tan\u00adr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7lardan, tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere kadar uzanan geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde, bir\u00e7ok toplumda \u00f6l\u00fc yeme\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir rit\u00fcel oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi gelene\u011fi konusunda en erken \u00f6rneklerin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve Mezo\u00adpotamya b\u00f6lgeleri kabartma resimleri ve \u00e7izimlerle desteklenerek a\u00e7\u0131klan\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Urartu, Frig, Lydia, Hitit uygarl\u0131klar\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi gelene\u011fi \u00fcze\u00adrinde durulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u201cYunan ve Roma D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Rit\u00fcelleri\u201d konusu yine Kurban, Libasyon ve \u00d6l\u00fc Yeme\u011fi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde kur\u00adba\u00adn rit\u00fceli ile ilgili en erken ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgilerin Homeros\u2019un Ilias Destan\u0131\u2019nda bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Patroklos ad\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kurban rit\u00fceli \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Yunan vazo \u00f6rneklerinin resimleri verilmi\u015f ve bu vazolar\u0131n kurban rit\u00fcelinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 aktarmakta \u00f6nemli arkeolojik veri\u00adler oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Roma\u2019 da kurban rit\u00fceli anlat\u0131l\u0131rken genel prensibin \u201cdo ut des: vermen i\u00e7in veriyorum<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Monumentum Ancy\u00adranum<\/em>, Traianus S\u00fctunu, Ara Pacis<\/em> Kabartmalar\u0131, Grimani Kabartmas\u0131 ve de Ara Pietatis Augustae<\/em> gibi yap\u0131tlar \u00fczerinden Roma \u0130mparatorluk D\u00f6nemi kurban rit\u00fcelleri a\u015famalar\u0131yla birlikte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Libasyon konusunda M\u00d6 V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir yazar olan Kleidemos\u2019un Eksegetikon eserinden ve Homeros\u2019un destanlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle baz\u0131 kabartmalar ve vazo resimleri \u00fczerinde libasyon sahnelerine s\u0131kl\u0131kla rastlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Roma\u2019da libasyon rit\u00fceli s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan elemanlar\u0131n resimleri verilmi\u015f, hangi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Al\u00adtarlar, sikkeler, libasyon levhalar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bu rit\u00fcelin Roma\u2019da nas\u0131l uygu\u00adland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi konusunda ise en \u00f6nemli arkeolojik kan\u0131t\u0131n banket sahneleri oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Mykenae, Atina ve Knossos\u2019taki me\u00adzarlarda \u00f6l\u00fc yeme\u011fine dair izler bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Homeros\u2019un Ilias Des\u00adtan\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6l\u00fc yeme\u011fi haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Yine Roma\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l boyunca \u00f6l\u00fclerin \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle akraba ve dostlar\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyafetlerle an\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n III. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cYunan D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d ve de \u201cRoma D\u00fcnya\u00ads\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201cYunan D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d konusu Mezar\u0131n ve Rit\u00fcellerin Yunan Toplumunda \u00d6nemi<\/em>, Yunan \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcn A\u015famalar\u0131<\/em>, Cenazenin Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/em>, Cenaze Rit\u00fcellerinde Su Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/em>, Prothesis ve A\u011f\u0131t<\/em>, Ekphora<\/em>, \u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn G\u00f6m\u00fclmesi<\/em> ve de G\u00f6mme \u0130\u015fleminden Sonraki Rit\u00fceller<\/em> alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu konuda Homeros\u2019un Ilias ve Odysseia destanlar\u0131ndan, Lydial\u0131 gezgin Pausanias\u2019\u0131n Periegeis tes Hella\u00addos <\/em>(Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Tasviri) adl\u0131 eserinden ve de Herodotos\u2019tan al\u0131nt\u0131lar yap\u0131l\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Yunan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak, a\u015famalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00adlanm\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cRoma D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d konusu G\u00f6mme \u0130\u015fleminden \u00d6nceki \u0130\u015flemler<\/em> (Funus Translaticum), Pompa Funebris<\/em>, \u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn G\u00f6m\u00fclmesi<\/em>, Fayyum Portre\u00adleri<\/em>, G\u00f6mme \u0130\u015fleminden Sonraki Rit\u00fceller<\/em> ve de \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Festivalleri<\/em> alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131k\u00adlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc Festivalleri<\/em> konusu da Parentalia, Feralia ve Lemuria alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. Roma \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fc detaylar\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klayan en \u00f6nemli belgenin Galyal\u0131 bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olan Andematunnum\u2019un b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011finde Roma \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc rit\u00fcellerinin s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasiyet oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f ve bu vasiyet vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc konusunda \u00f6nemli bilgiler s\u0131ra\u00adlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Roma\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc rit\u00fcelleri \u00f6zellikle mezar stellerinin, kabartmala\u00adr\u0131n, kenotaph alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, yeralt\u0131 oda mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n, columbarium<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131n, Fay\u00adyum portrelerinin ve de lahitlerin resimleriyle desteklenerek a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pli\u00adnius\u2019un kremasyon uygulamas\u0131yla ilgili, Cicero\u2019nun \u2019os resectum<\/em>\u2019 uygula\u00admas\u0131 ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bilgilerden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Ovidius\u2019un Fasti<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde Feralia ve Lemuria festivalleri ile ilgili verdi\u011fi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan da yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n sonuna \u201cRoma Festivalleri Listesi\u201d ve \u201cRoma \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 eklenmi\u015ftir. \u201cRoma Festivalleri Listesi\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te (1 Ocak \u2013 31 Aral\u0131k) Roma\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen t\u00fcm festivaller s\u0131ras\u0131yla ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak verilmi\u015ftir. \u201cRoma \u00d6l\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fc S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131ndaysa Roma\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fc ile ilgili olan kavramlar a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap \u201cKaynaklar\u201d ve \u201cSonnotlar\u201d k\u0131s\u0131m\u00adla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan renkli resimlerin bulundu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131m ile sona ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Deniz AKDEN\u0130Z (MA)\u00a0<\/strong>
\naraf.akdeniz@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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