{"id":3606,"date":"2018-01-27T16:09:09","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T14:09:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0145"},"modified":"2018-02-12T20:38:05","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T18:38:05","slug":"lbr-0145","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0145","title":{"rendered":"Crusades and Memory Rethinking Past and Present"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Crusades and Memory Rethinking Past and Present<\/h2>\n

Megan CASSIDY-WELCH & Anne E. LESTER<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9781138860650
\nPage:<\/strong> 172
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02015
\nLocation:<\/strong> London – New York
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Routledge<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 75-78<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018015
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 15.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 21.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n

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M.\u00a0CASSIDY-WELCH & A. E. LESTER (Eds.), Crusades and Memory Rethinking Past and Present<\/em>. London – New York 2015. Routledge, 172 sayfa (1 harita ile birlikte). ISBN: 9781138860650<\/strong><\/p>\n

Papa II. Urbanus\u2019un 27 Kas\u0131m 1095 tarihinde Clermont Konsili\u2019nde Deus Vult! <\/em>slogan\u0131yla verdi\u011fi vaazlarla fiilen ba\u015flayan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri hareketi, d\u00fcnya ta\u00adrihinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. 1291 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akk\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Hristi\u00adyanlar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019daki varl\u0131klar\u0131na son vermi\u015f olsa da Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ruhu <\/em>Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00adseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda dahi canl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f; hatta 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 d\u00fcn\u00adyas\u0131n\u0131n Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019ya m\u00fcdahalesi bir nevi Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi <\/em>olarak nitelendirilmi\u015f\u00adtir. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri \u00e7e\u015fitli halklar\u0131n kutsal sava\u015f alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015f; sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan insanlar\u0131n ve kazan\u0131lan zaferlerin hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile bireysel ve kolektif belle\u011fin olu\u015fumunda etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Crusades and Memory Rethinking Past and Present<\/em> (Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ve Bel\u00adlek Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve Gelece\u011fi Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek) adl\u0131 eser al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131ka\u00adrak Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ni bellek <\/em>ile ili\u015fkilendirerek ele almaktad\u0131r. Edit\u00f6rler, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Journal of Medieval History <\/em>dergisinin 40. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan, konu\u00adya ili\u015fkin makaleleri bir araya getirmi\u015flerdir. Eserde, Contents <\/em>(\u0130\u00e7indekiler [v]), makalelerin dergide yer alan k\u00fcnyelerinin sunuldu\u011fu Citation Informa\u00adtion <\/em>(At\u0131f Bilgisi [vii-viii]) ve esere katk\u0131da bulunan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Notes on Contributors <\/em>(Katk\u0131da Bulunanlar \u00dczerine [ix-x]) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131n\u00addan bellek ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eserin giri\u015f niteli\u011findeki makalesi Memory and Interpretation: New App\u00adroaches to the Study of the Crusades<\/em> (Bellek ve Yorum: Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne ili\u015fkin Yeni Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar [1-12]) M. Cassidy Welsch ile Anne E. Lester\u2019in ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Edit\u00f6rler belle\u011fin tarih metodolojisine giri\u015fini Annales<\/em> ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015fuyla ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ekolden do\u011fan \u201ckolektif zihniyetler\u201d kavram\u0131 psiko\u00adloji, sosyoloji ve tarihi yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131na farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00adzan\u00add\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne ili\u015fkin yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve tarih ya\u00adz\u0131m gelene\u011findeki yeniliklerden bahsedilmesinin ard\u0131ndan esere katk\u0131 sa\u011f\u00adlayanlar hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir tan\u0131t\u0131m ile son bulur.<\/p>\n

Cecilia Gaposchkin taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan The Echoes of Victory: Liturgical and Para-Liturgical Commemorations of the Capture of Jerusalem in the West <\/em>(Zaferin Yank\u0131lar\u0131: Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Al\u0131nmas\u0131na dair Bat\u0131daki Dini ve L\u00e2ik An\u0131msamalar [13-34]) adl\u0131 makalede, 15 Temmuz 1099\u2019da Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin Bat\u0131\u2019da bayramlar ve ilahiler gibi rit\u00fcellerde yer alarak toplumsal ve de bireysel belle\u011fe kaz\u0131nmas\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Siyasi olaylar\u0131 kutsamak \u015feklindeki bu tarz bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belir\u00adten yazar, bu uygulaman\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019daki Kud\u00fcs alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u00ad\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

True Romans: Remembering the Crusades among Eastern Christians<\/em> (Ger\u00ad\u00e7ek Romal\u0131lar: Do\u011fu Hristiyanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin Hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 [35-50]) adl\u0131 makalede Christopher MacEvitt, I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin, ba\u015fta Yak\u00fbbi ve Ermeni olmak \u00fczere Do\u011fu Hristiyanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tarihsel ve kolektif bel\u00adlekleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finin izini s\u00fcrmektedir. Daniel kitab\u0131ndaki \u20184 canavar\u2019 anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu Hristiyan kimli\u011findeki yerini ayd\u0131nlatan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u00admaya g\u00f6re 4. \u2018canavar\u0131n\/imparatorlu\u011fun\u2019 Roma oldu\u011funu varsayan anlay\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusunda Do\u011fu Hristiyanlar\u0131, apokaliptik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ile Do\u011fu\u2019ya gelen Franklar\u0131 \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 Romal\u0131lar olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu ba\u011f\u00adlamda Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi Hristiyanl\u0131k ile \u0130slamiyet aras\u0131ndaki denge bozulmu\u015f; Franklar Do\u011fu Ermeni ve S\u00fcryani kroniklerinde Do\u011fu Romal\u0131lar\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Constructing Memory: Holy War in the Chronicle of the Poles by Bishop Vin\u00adcentius of Cracow <\/em>(Belle\u011fin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131: Krakow\u2019lu Psikopos Vincentius\u2019un Chro\u00adnicle of the Poles <\/em>\u0130simli Eserinde Kutsal Sava\u015f [51-65]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 12. y\u00fcz\u00ady\u0131lda kaleme al\u0131nan ve Polonya tarihine ili\u015fkin eseri analiz eder. Darius van G\u00fcttrer-Sporzy\u0144ski, Piast Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1147, 1166, 1192 y\u0131llar\u0131nda putpe\u00adrest Prusya kabilelerine yap\u0131lan seferler ile taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren II. Kazimiers\u2019in \u2018kutsal sava\u015f\u2019 olgusu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla me\u015fruiyetini peki\u015ftirmeyi hedefledi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Kronik, Polonyal\u0131lar\u0131n daha sonraki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne kat\u0131l\u0131\u00adm\u0131n\u00adda da tarihsel bir dayanak te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n

Nicholas L. Paul, In Search at the Marshal\u2019s Lost Crusades: The Persistence of Memory, the Problem of History and the Painful Birth of Crusading Ro\u00admonce <\/em>(Marshal\u2019\u0131n Kay\u0131p Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin \u0130zinde: Belle\u011fin Devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tarihin Problemleri ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sanc\u0131l\u0131 Do\u011fu\u015fu [67-85]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00ads\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6valye William Marshal (\u00f6l\u00fcm: 1219) i\u00e7in John adl\u0131 biyografi yazar\u0131n\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cThe History of William Marshal\u201d adl\u0131 eserindeki 1184-1186 y\u0131l\u00adlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131klama sunmaktad\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6valye William\u2019\u0131n Pembroke ve Striguil d\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve III. Henry\u2019nin kral naipli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131na detay\u00adlar\u0131yla yer veren yazar, 1187 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Kutsal Ha\u00e7\u0131n M\u00fcs\u00adl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesiyle Hristiyanlar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozguna de\u011finmemek i\u00e7in bu d\u00f6neme 19.214 dizelik eserinin yaln\u0131zca 11 dizesinde yer vermi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin di\u011fer eserlerinde de yazarlar\u0131n bu tutumu tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik ve an\u00adlat\u0131 aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rarak Ha\u00e7l\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funda bir handikap olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Anne E. Leister, What Remains: Women, Relics and Remembrance in the Aftermath of the Fourth Crusade <\/em>(Geriye Kalan: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin Ar\u00add\u0131ndan Kad\u0131nlar, Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar ve Hat\u0131ra [86-103]) adl\u0131 makalesinde D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7\u00adl\u0131 Seferi\u2019ne dair bireysel ve toplumsal hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 Konstantinopolis\u2019in La\u00adtinler tara\u00adf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesi \u00fczerine sefere kat\u0131lan \u00fcst d\u00fczey sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve ida\u00adrecilerin ba\u015f\u00adta e\u015fleri olmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderdikleri kutsal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar ekseninde ele almaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00adnel\u00adde geri d\u00f6nmeyen e\u015flerinin hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce bireysel koleksiyonlar\u0131nda sakla\u00adyan kad\u0131nlar daha sonra bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 manast\u0131r ve katedrallere vakfetmek sure\u00adtiy\u00adle topluma mal etmi\u015flerdir. Bu anlamda kal\u0131n\u00adt\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dan ve Konstantino\u00adpolis\u2019ten bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yolculuklar\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u00adlar\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi arac\u0131 rol ve Avru\u00adpa\u2019daki insanlar\u0131n Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile seferlere kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan toplumsal bellek maka\u00adlede \u00f6rneklerle incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcstakil bir eserin bu kez V. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan Hiliam J. Purkins\u2019in Memories of Preaching for the Fifth Crusade in Caesarius of Heisterbach\u2019s Dialogus Miraculorum<\/em> (Caesarius of Heister\u00adbach\u2019\u0131n Dialogus Miraculorum\u2019un da V. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019ne dair Vaaz Hat\u0131ralar\u0131 [104-120]) adl\u0131 makalesidir. DM <\/em>Sisteryen Ke\u015fi\u015f adaylar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi amac\u0131yla 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1213 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa III. Innocenti\u00adus\u2019un vaaz\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan V. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yazar eserinde Olivier of Paderborn, Ke\u015fi\u015f Henry ve de Birader Bernard gibi d\u00f6nemin va\u00adizlerinin vaazlar\u0131na yer vermi\u015ftir. Eser bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 tarihi olmamakla birlikte ke\u015fi\u015f adaylar\u0131na Do\u011fu\u2019daki dinda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerini unutturmamak ve negoti\u00adum crucis\u2019<\/em>e olan sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine belletmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

‘O Damietta’; War Memory and Crusade in the Thirteenth-Century Egypt<\/em> (‘Ah Dimyat’: 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r’da Sava\u015fa Dair An\u0131lar ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri [121-135]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Megan Cassidy-Welch, Dimyat liman kenti ekseninde vu\u00adku bulan V. ve VII. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri \u00f6zelinde sava\u015f olgusunun sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan\u00adlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birey\u00adsel bellek \u00fczerindeki etkileri ve Hristiyanl\u0131k tarihine ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131larda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ro\u00adle de\u011finir. Sava\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, kutsal bir amaca hizmet ederek hat\u0131r\u00adlanma olgusunun Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ndeki \u00f6nemini ve sava\u015f hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n sonraki seferlerde kullan\u0131lacak stratejiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alg\u0131\u00adlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 irdeler.<\/p>\n

Playing at Crusade: Cultural Memory and its Re(creation) in Jean Bodel\u2019s Jeu de St. Nicholas <\/em>(Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne Dair Bir Oyun Metni: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Bellek ve Jean Bodel\u2019in Jeu de St. Nicholas<\/em>\u2019\u0131n da (Yeniden) Yarat\u0131m\u0131 [136-155]) Sarah Lambert\u2019e ait bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Yazar, 1200 y\u0131l\u0131nda Jean Bodel\u2019in, St. Nicholas\u2019\u0131n bir Afrika kral\u0131\u00adna kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup onun Hristiyan olmas\u0131na dair hik\u00e2yeyi Ha\u00e7\u00adl\u0131 Seferleri kon\u00adseptine uyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserini ele al\u0131r. Hristiyanlar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00adte ol\u00addu\u011fu bir zamanda belki okuryazar olmayan kesim i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunun me\u00adk\u00e2n, dekor, replikler \u00fczerinden incelemesi yap\u0131larak Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u00adda Fran\u00adsa\u2019da pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel belle\u011fe nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fi ana\u00adliz edilir.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131yla detayl\u0131 incelemelere tabi tutulan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin tarih ve toplumlar \u00fczerin\u00adde bu denli iz b\u0131rak\u0131rken Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da bireysel ve toplumsal belle\u011fin olu\u015fumun\u00adda sahip oldu\u011fu rol\u00fcn ele al\u0131nmamas\u0131 bir ironi te\u015fkil eder. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019ne hat\u0131\u00adra, hat\u0131rlama, hat\u0131r\u00adlan\u00adma veya unutmak kavramlar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak seferlerin edebi yap\u0131tlar, dini rit\u00fceller, tarihi kaynaklarda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle toplumlar\u0131n ve bireylerin haf\u0131zala\u00adr\u0131nda nas\u0131l yer etti\u011fi ve kimliklerinin olu\u015fumunu ne \u015fekilde etkiledi\u011fi meselele\u00adrine de\u011finen eser, seferlere dair farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tarz\u0131 sunmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
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\u00d6zge BOZKURTO\u011eLU \u00d6ZCAN (Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r.)<\/strong>
\nozgeozcan@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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