{"id":3592,"date":"2018-01-27T16:30:54","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T14:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0148"},"modified":"2018-02-12T20:02:50","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T18:02:50","slug":"lbr-0148","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0148","title":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Peter BROWN<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786051714349
\nPage:<\/strong> 327
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 91-94<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018018
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 17.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 23.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations,\u00a02018<\/p>\n

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P.\u00a0BROWN, Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2017. Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 327 sayfa. \u00c7ev. T. Ka\u00e7ar. ISBN: 9786051714349<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Peter Brown, Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan Or\u00adta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a ge\u00e7i\u015f esnas\u0131nda (MS 250-800) ya\u015fanan Roma\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fck monoteist dinin son \u015fekillerini almas\u0131 ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 konular\u0131nda uzman bir tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Augustine of Hippo<\/em> (1967, 2000), The World of Late Antiquity<\/em> (1971), The Cult of the Saints <\/em>(1982), The Body and Society<\/em> (1988), Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Chris\u00adtian Empire<\/em> (1992), Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianization of the Roman World<\/em> (1995), The Rise of Western Christendom<\/em> (1996, 2003), ve Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire<\/em> (2002) yazar\u0131n onlarca kitab\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitap \u0130\u00e7indekiler, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Bas\u0131ma \u00d6ns\u00f6z, \u00d6ns\u00f6z, <\/em>s\u0131rayla numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki k\u0131s\u0131m ve bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar alt\u0131nda 5 b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7inde s\u0131rayla numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f top\u00adlamda 16 alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan, Kronoloji, Harita, Kaynak\u00e7a, Ek, \u00c7evirmenin Notu, Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019na Yeniden Bakmak, Ek Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em> ve Dizin<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kitapta aktar\u0131lan bilgiler bir harita, 130 foto\u011fraf ve bir kronoloji tablosuyla desteklenmektedir. Yazar \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019de<\/em> (9-11) irdelemi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00f6\u00adnem i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok olay\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkide bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle bu d\u00f6nemin tarihinin k\u0131saca bir neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine indirgenemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

1. K\u0131s\u0131m Ge\u00e7 Roma Devrimi<\/em> (12-131), \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan Toplum<\/em> (13-55) ve be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan Din<\/em> (56-131) b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden meydana gelmek\u00adtedir. II. K\u0131s\u0131m Ayr\u0131 D\u00fcnyalar<\/em> (132-236) ise iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan Bat\u0131<\/em> (133-157), d\u00f6rt alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan Bizans <\/em>(158-217) ve iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan Ye\u00adniler<\/em> (219-236) b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplum<\/em> (13-55) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn birinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan I.<\/em> Klasik D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131r\u00adlar\u0131 <\/em>(yak. MS 200) (13-25) \u00f6zelinde Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun MS 200\u2019lerdeki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n demografik yap\u0131s\u0131, Roma y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u00adlar\u0131, devasa imparatorluk b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131ndaki ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri ve III. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u00adda meydana gelen olaylar incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan II.<\/em> Yeni H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar <\/em>(240-350) kapsam\u0131nda (26-39) MS 240\u2019tan sonra tamamen haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 barbar istilas\u0131 ve politik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131kla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelen Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun askeri bir devrimle se\u00adnat\u00f6r aristokrasisinin askeri komuta kademelerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak nas\u0131l kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca imparatorlu\u011fun \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerinden gelerek i\u00e7lerinden baz\u0131 imparatorlar da \u00e7\u0131karan yeni y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n merkezde olu\u015f\u00adturdu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fim ve di\u011fer eyaletlerdeki yava\u015f de\u011fi\u015fime de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

III. Yeniden Canlanan Bir D\u00fcnya: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Roma Toplumu<\/em>\u2019nda (40-55) aristokrasi ile halk aras\u0131nda bir u\u00e7urum bulunan Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n aksine k\u00f6yl\u00fc\u00adlerin b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin m\u00fclklerinde s\u00fcr\u00fcle\u015ftirilmeden h\u00fck\u00fcmetin taleplerini yerine getirmesine olanak sa\u011flayan Kappadokia, Antiokheia ve M\u0131\u00ads\u0131r\u2019dan yete\u00adnekler f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131 ile Do\u011fu\u2019nun imparatora kar\u015f\u0131 olan co\u015fkusu irde\u00adlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Din<\/em> (57-131) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan IV. Yeni Ortam: Dinsel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00adcenin Do\u011frultular\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda (Yak. 170-300)<\/em> (57-67) Roma\u2019da h\u00e2kim olan paganl\u0131k inanc\u0131, filozoflar\u0131n dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve yeni yeni yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n durumu incelenmektedir. Yazar bu alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta yukar\u0131da bahsedilen inan\u00e7\u00adlar\u0131n birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 da irdelemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eehirlerin Krizi: H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu 200-300<\/em> (70-81) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kamu rekabetiyle toplumsal faaliyetlere y\u00f6nelen aristokrasinin III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00f6ze batan \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel ve daha \u00e7ok din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131yla neticelenen de\u011fi\u015fim incelenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca kilisenin ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu radikal top\u00adlum anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak insanlar\u0131n s\u0131cak ili\u015fkilerden yoksun bir d\u00fcnya\u00addan, talep ve ili\u015fkileri gayet a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir d\u00fcnyaya ge\u00e7mesi ile H\u0131ristiyan toplu\u00adlu\u011funun say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f konu edilmektedir. VI. Son Helenler: Felsefe ve Pa\u00adganizm 260-360<\/em> (82-95) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile az\u0131nl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015fen pagan filozoflar\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilerini nas\u0131l devam ettirdikleri ve Plotinus gibi baz\u0131 pagan filozoflar\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilerin H\u0131ristiyan entelekt\u00fceller tara\u00adf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l benimsendi\u011fi \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VII. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, 300-363<\/em> (96-111), 302\u2019de ba\u015flayan ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Constantinus\u2019un H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul\u00fc ile son bulan B\u00fcy\u00fck Takibat\u2019\u0131n bir b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rahatlamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve bu rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucunda kilisenin ve H\u0131ristiyan din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n pagan imparator Iulianus\u2019un bile durduramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde saraya yerle\u015fmeleri incelemektedir. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k art\u0131k Galya\u2019dan M\u0131\u00ads\u0131r\u2019a kadar ortak bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr yaratmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Manast\u0131r K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Yazar, VIII. Yeni Toplum: Manast\u0131r Sistemi ve Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 300-400<\/em> (112-131) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 uzak tutan dualar\u0131yla tanr\u0131n\u0131n irade\u00adsinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren kutsal adam fikrinin Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f toplumunda ege\u00admen olmas\u0131 ile birlikte \u00f6zellikle Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Do\u011fu\u2019da ma\u00adnast\u0131r hayat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na ve bu yeni olu\u015fumun imparatorluk \u00fczerin\u00addeki etkisine de\u011finmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 <\/em>(133-157) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan IX. Bat\u0131n\u0131n Uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131, 350-450<\/em>\u2019de (133-145) Latin d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha uzun bir zaman bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f ve kapal\u0131 bir aristokrasinin keskin \u00e7izgilerini be\u00adnim\u00adsemi\u015f olan Katolik Kilise\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kendini kabul ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Hieronymus, Augustinus, Ausonius ve Nolal\u0131 Paulinus gibi ya\u00adzar\u00adlar\u0131n etkisiyle Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendini bulu\u015fu anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda barbar fatihlerin Akdeniz\u2019e do\u011fru y\u00f6nelme ve imparatorlu\u011fa yerle\u015fme a\u015fa\u00admalar\u0131 da konu edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yazar, X. Ayakta Kalman\u0131n Bedeli: Bat\u0131 Toplumu 450-600<\/em> \u2019de (146-157) enerji isteyen ve daha g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7a\u011fda u\u011fra\u015f\u0131labilecek din kavgalar\u0131na art\u0131k tahamm\u00fcl edemeyen Romal\u0131lar\u0131n paganlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere kiliselere do\u00adlu\u015fmas\u0131na, senat\u00f6rl\u00fckten piskoposlu\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015flere, barbar y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda\u00adki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131n yerel kimlik olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na ve 533\u2019ten sonra Bat\u0131 Akde\u00adniz\u2019e geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapan Iustinianus\u2019a de\u011finmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yazar, Bizans<\/em> (158-217) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan XI. \u201cY\u00f6neten \u015eehir\u201d: II. Theodosius\u2019tan Anastasius\u2019a Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 408-518<\/em>\u2019de (159-173) Hellen yap\u0131s\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve h\u0131rsl\u0131 ta\u015fral\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi olan Konstanti\u00adno\u00adpolis\u2019in V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu nas\u0131l Constantinopolis \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na \u00e7evirdi\u011fi; bu imparatorluk ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuzeyde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumuna de\u011finmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

XII. \u0130hti\u015fam: Iustinianus ve Halefleri 527-603<\/em>\u2019te (174-185) ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Roma\u2019y\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek kuzeyde Avarlar ve Do\u011fu\u2019da Sasanilere kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f verirken ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck veba salg\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve mali sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015farak imparatorlu\u011fu ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Iustinianus\u2019un izledi\u011fi politikalara de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

XIII. Do\u011fu \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131: Bizans ve Sasaniler 540-640<\/em> (186-199) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda I. ve II. H\u00fcsrev ile doru\u011fa ula\u015fan Sasanilere kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mpa\u00adratorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131ras\u0131yla 11, 19 ve 27 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle verdi\u011fi sava\u015flar ve Sasanilerin Herakleios taraf\u0131ndan kesin olarak yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile son bulan Do\u011fu Roma-Sasani ili\u015fkileri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

XIV. Klasik D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc: Erken Orta\u00e7a\u011fda K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve<\/em> Din<\/em>\u2019de (200-217) Bat\u0131\u2019da sivil elit yitip giderken Do\u011fu Roma\u2019da klasik elitin ayakta kalarak Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f boyunca kendini yenilemesi, tamamen H\u0131ristiyanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan toplumun e\u011fitim, m\u00fczik, sanat ve y\u00f6netimde neden olduklar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler; H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k di\u00adninde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni gelenekler i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yeniler<\/em> (219-236) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan XV. Muhammed ve \u0130s\u00adlamiyetin Do\u011fu\u015fu 610-632<\/em> (219-225) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Brown, kabileler aras\u0131n\u00addaki sava\u015flar\u0131 sona erdirerek Araplara bar\u0131\u015f ve Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019nun geri kalan b\u00f6lgelerine ise fetihlerle k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 getiren \u0130slamiyet\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve geni\u015fleme esnas\u0131nda izledi\u011fi politika ve diplomasiye de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

XVI. \u201cM\u0131zraklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Korudu\u011fu Bah\u00e7e\u201d: \u0130slam H\u00e2kimiyeti Alt\u0131nda Ge\u00e7 Antik D\u00fcnya, 683-809<\/em> kapsam\u0131nda (226-236) Arabistan\u2019da siyasi birli\u011fi ta\u00admam\u00adlayan Araplar\u0131n, Emeviler ve Abbasiler ile Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de nas\u0131l h\u00e2kimi\u00adyet kurduklar\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evreleriyle ili\u015fkileri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n sonunda yer alan Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131na Yeniden Bakmak<\/em> (265-299), Norve\u00e7, Hellen ve Roma Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi olan Symbolae Osloen\u00adses<\/em>\u2019in yazardan kitab\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 1971\u2019den itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f eser\u00adlere ve kendisinin de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine dayanarak 1977\u2019de bir de\u011fer\u00adlendirme raporu yazmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesiyle ortaya koydu\u011fu raporu i\u00e7er\u00admek\u00adtedir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f D\u00fcnyas\u0131 kitab\u0131 MS 200-809 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemi kapsa\u00admakta ve yazar\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131 \u015fekillendiren co\u011frafya olan Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e yani Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Brown, Ge\u00e7 Antik\u00e7a\u011f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e odaklan\u00adm\u0131\u015f ve siyasi geli\u015fmelerin geni\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla incelenerek neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren analizlere yer vermi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7 Roma Tarihi 284-641<\/em> (Stephen Mitchell, 2016) kitab\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7evirmeni olan Turhan Ka\u00e7ar\u2019\u0131n sade ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r \u00e7evirisi kitab\u0131 ak\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Ya\u015far \u0130smet DEM\u0130R\u00d6Z (MA)<\/strong>
\nyasar@eontours.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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