{"id":3578,"date":"2018-01-27T16:51:20","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T14:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0151"},"modified":"2018-02-09T10:41:52","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T08:41:52","slug":"lbr-0151","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0151","title":{"rendered":"Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmle Dans\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmle Dans\u0131<\/h2>\n

P\u0131nar \u00dcLGEN<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9786053964421
\nPage:<\/strong> 175
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 107-109<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018021
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 19.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 24.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2018<\/p>\n

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P.\u00a0\u00dcLGEN, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmle Dans\u0131. <\/em>\u0130stanbul 2017. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 175 sayfa. ISBN: 9786053964421<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131 XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar yenili\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131k ve dinamik bir d\u00f6nem olarak betimlenmektedir. \u00d6zellikle IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda su ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve \u00e7arkl\u0131 d\u00fczeneklerin geli\u015ftirilmesiyle birlikte Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f\u00adda bir makinele\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u00fchendislik ba\u015fa\u00adr\u0131\u00adla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tar\u0131m teknolojisi ve \u00fcretimi do\u011frudan etkileyen tar\u0131msal me\u00adtotlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Tar\u0131mdaki bu geli\u015fmeler besin maddelerinin \u00e7e\u015fit\u00adlen\u00admesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011fda tar\u0131mla birlikte ta\u015f ve demir i\u015fletmecili\u011finin de ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda var olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ortam\u0131 modern bilimin geli\u015febilece\u011fi bir s\u00fcreci de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Bilim ve teknolojideki ilerlemelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00adsel alanda da geli\u015fme kaydetmi\u015f olan Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131 XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kilisenin mistisizme y\u00f6neli\u015fiyle yani rasyonalizmin yerini mistisizmin almas\u0131y\u00adla ve bunun beraberinde Orta\u00e7a\u011f insan\u0131n\u0131n kutsal kitaplar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu, isten\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ilkel konular\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale gelmesiyle XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 dur\u00adma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. Ancak Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn tek nedeni elbette ki, bu de\u011fildi. Zira XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa m\u00fccadele etmek durumunda oldu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte t\u00fcm bu zorluklar ve kaotik d\u00f6\u00adnemler Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmle Dans\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 bu eserde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin Giri\u015f<\/em> (9-12) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n Sonu Mu? <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n genel bir tarih bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucu olu\u015fan \u201ckaran\u00adl\u0131k\u201d bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fti\u011fi ancak bu alg\u0131n\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n geneline yans\u0131t\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve dinamizm ya da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00e7a\u011f boyunca var olan devletler ve \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterebilece\u011finin de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bu\u00adlun\u00addu\u00adrulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa kentlerinin geni\u015flemesi, Avrupa ekonomisinin rasyonalite kazanmaya ba\u015fla\u00admas\u0131 ancak ekonomik geli\u015fimin XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru durma noktas\u0131na gelmesi ve XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki felaket s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kitab\u0131n temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde detay\u00adlan\u00add\u0131\u00adr\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00f6zetlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa \u2018da K\u0131tl\u0131k ve Salg\u0131n Hastal\u0131klar<\/em> (13-79) ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda K\u0131tl\u0131k<\/em> (14-26) ve Salg\u0131n Hastal\u0131klar<\/em> (27-79) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanan co\u011frafi ve ekolojik de\u011fi\u015fimler ve bu iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucunda 1315-1322 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131tl\u0131k\u2019 ve bu k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k bu k\u0131tl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131tl\u0131k ve bunun beraberinde gelen kriz d\u00f6nemleri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu k\u0131tl\u0131k ve kriz s\u00fcreci Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, kalan n\u00fcfusun \u015fehirlerdeki t\u00fcccar ve finans\u00f6rlerin para kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, devletlerin sava\u015flara y\u00f6neldi\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Yine birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00adde krizle birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klara de\u011finilmektedir. Bu hastal\u0131k\u00adlar c\u00fczam ve veba gibi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131klard\u0131r. Kitapta bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n neden\u00adleri, karakteristi\u011fi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcrleri, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6lge ve s\u0131n\u0131flar ve bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z konusu bu hasta\u00adl\u0131klar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki \u00e7aresizli\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da Sava\u015flar ve Finansal Kriz <\/em>(81-116) olu\u015fturmakta ve Sava\u015flar<\/em> (81-110) ve Finansal Kriz<\/em> (111-117) alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar ve bu sava\u015flar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi olan Y\u00fczy\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019na de\u011finilmektedir. Kitab\u0131n devam\u0131nda sava\u015flar, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 finansal krizden s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki en \u00fcnl\u00fc bankalar\u0131 ve bankalar\u0131n ekonomik zay\u0131flama hatta \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n son ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kilise\u2019de Kaos ve Heretikler<\/em> (117-154) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anla\u00adt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada kilisede ya\u015fanan hiziple\u015fme ve bu hiziple\u015fmelerin ne\u00adden\u00adlerine de\u011finilmektedir. Zira XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l kilise ve papal\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan so\u00adrunlu bir y\u00fczy\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmle Dans\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 bu eser XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u00d6nemli Olaylar <\/em>(155) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda verilen kronolojik bir liste ile sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitapta genel olarak Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n felaketler y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 olarak niteledikleri XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Anlat\u0131mda felsefi kavram ve ak\u0131mlar ile mistik unsurlar bir arada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada resimler ve \u015fiirlere yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 anlat\u0131lan konulara farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Bilimsellikten uzakla\u015fmadan yal\u0131n, rafine ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dille yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu kitap hem Orta\u00e7a\u011f ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00adc\u0131lar\u0131 hem de alana merakl\u0131 t\u00fcm okuyucular\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekebilecek, Orta\u00e7a\u011f alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle tasvir edildi\u011fi bir eserdir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Gizem MUSUL (Ara\u015f G\u00f6r.)<\/strong>
\n\u00a0gizemmusul@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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