{"id":3561,"date":"2018-01-27T17:55:22","date_gmt":"2018-01-27T15:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0155"},"modified":"2018-02-09T10:12:38","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T08:12:38","slug":"lbr-0155","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2018-en\/lbr-0155","title":{"rendered":"The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources<\/h2>\n

Peter THONEMANN<\/h3>\n
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ISBN:<\/strong> 9781107451759
\nPage:<\/strong> 230
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02015
\nLocation:<\/strong> Cambridge
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Cambridge University Press<\/p><\/div>

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LIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 125-130<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2018025
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 22.01.2018 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 25.01.2018
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2018<\/p>\n

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\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Citation<\/a>
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P. THONEMANN, The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources<\/em>. Cambridge 2015. Cambridge University Press, 230 sayfa. ISBN: 9781107451759<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in M\u00d6 323 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden son Hellenistik krall\u0131k olan Pto\u00adlemaios Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 31 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en zaman dilimini ifade eden Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019de darp edilmi\u015f sikkeler \u00fczerinden sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik boyutlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak okuyucuya aktar\u0131lan eser Oxford \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Peter Thonemann taraf\u0131ndan kale\u00adme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap Globalization <\/em>(K\u00fcreselle\u015fme [3-42]), Identity <\/em>(Kimlik [45-107]), Political Economy<\/em> (Politik Ekonomi [109-141]), Ideology <\/em>(\u0130deoloji [143-190]) adl\u0131 d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelmekte\u00addir. Her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn, ele al\u0131nan konuya ili\u015fkin detaylara inildi\u011fi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 mev\u00adcuttur. Ek okumalar\u0131n \u00f6nerildi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm (191-192) ile genel n\u00fcmismatik te\u00adrimlerin ve bilgilerin sunuldu\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131n (193-200) ard\u0131ndan gelen Bibliyog\u00adrafya<\/em> (201-222) ve Index<\/em> (223-230) k\u0131sm\u0131\u00a0 ile eser son bulur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em> isimli birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, iki ayr\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131larak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Alex\u00adan\u00adder and the transformation of Greek Coinage<\/em> (\u0130skender ve Hellen Sikke\u00adsinin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ilk k\u0131s\u0131mda, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender d\u00f6nemi n\u00fc\u00admis\u00admati\u011finin ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun tecr\u00fcbe etmekte oldu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn anla\u00ad\u015f\u0131l\u00admas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015f Sinanpa\u015fa definesi konu edilir. S\u00f6z konusu de\u00adfine ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 pazara da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Amerikal\u0131 n\u00fc\u00admismat ve koleksiyoner E. T. Newell\u2019in (1886-1941) \u00e7aba ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sa\u00adye\u00adsinde bir grup sikkenin tespiti ve toplanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Yazar\u0131n, hemen hemen tamam\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019e ve d\u00f6nemin sikkelerine refe\u00adranslar g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz bir tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu buluntu ile ba\u015flat\u00admas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 olmakta. Takip eden k\u0131s\u0131mda Makedon kral\u0131 II. Philippos (M\u00d6 359-336) ve B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender (M\u00d6 336-323) d\u00f6nemlerinde darp edilen Makedon kraliyet sikkelere ili\u015fkin bilgiler aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, mevzuba\u00adhis d\u00f6nemin alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f darplar\u0131n\u0131n sergiledi\u011fi tarihsel geli\u015fimin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 ikonografya ve \u00f6nemi ele al\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, M\u00d6 332-323 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda giderek artan sikke \u00fcretimi ve bunlar\u0131n sirk\u00fclasyonu ile \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan iktidar m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fen haleflerin darp ettirdikleri sikkelerin niteliklerine ili\u015fkin bilgilerle son bulur. Bu noktada, \u00f6zel\u00adlikle sikke ikonografyas\u0131 \u00f6zelinde, yeni krall\u0131klar\u0131n kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc uyarlama\u00adlar\u0131 olsa da temel olarak selef kral\u0131n sikke tiplerinin kullan\u0131lmaya devam edil\u00addi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A \u2018Big\u2019 Hellenistic World<\/em> (\u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019 Hellenistik D\u00fcn\u00adya) adl\u0131 ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k, Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019in ve kelimenin ihtiva etti\u011fi mana\u00adn\u0131n sikkelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ba\u015flarken, Makedon kraliyet sikkelerin ve ekonomik sistemin etkiledi\u011fi co\u011frafyalar ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Burada, anakaran\u0131n kuze\u00adyi, Balkanlar ve Karadeniz, g\u00fcney ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde yeni egemen g\u00fcc\u00fcn ya\u00adratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonominin yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu da h\u00e2kimiyet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde g\u00fcney ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde darp edilen imitasyon \u00f6rnek\u00adler, d\u00f6nemin sikkelerinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alt metinleri a\u00e7\u0131k olan ikonografyan\u0131n bahsi ge\u00e7en b\u00f6lgelerde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan be\u00adnim\u00adseni\u015fi ve Bat\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n Kimlik <\/em>ad\u0131 verilen ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, sikkeler \u00fczerinden yans\u0131malar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen h\u00fcviyetler, Civic Identities<\/em> (Sivil Kimlikler), Collective Identities <\/em>(Ko\u00adlektif Kimlikler) ve Hellenizing Identities<\/em> (Hellenle\u015fen Kimlikler) adlar\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 alt ba\u015fl\u0131k bi\u00e7iminde ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Her bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde yer alan giri\u015f k\u0131s\u00adm\u0131nda konuya ili\u015fkin genel kavramlara de\u011finilir. Sivil kimlikler incelenirken Bat\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da M\u00d6 325-275 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen sivil kent sikkelerinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sivil sikke ile otonom ve tebaa olma olgular\u0131, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fanan ve sivil kimli\u011fin yeni bir temsil bi\u00e7imi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130skender tipli sivil sik\u00adkelerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yine ayn\u0131 zaman zarf\u0131nda Rhodos, Miletos ve Pha\u00adselis gibi kentlerin bu ak\u0131mdan uzakla\u015fan darplar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler sunulur. Sivil kimli\u011fin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu k\u0131s\u0131m M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan, M\u00d6 I. y\u00fczy\u0131lda da tanr\u0131lar ve sporcular\u0131n betimlendi\u011fi sivil sikke tiplerinin Ege havzas\u0131nda, yerel kimliklerin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc temsili gayesi etraf\u0131nda yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fi ile sona erer. \u0130konografyada g\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011fi\u015fim ve geli\u015fimi, b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde sunulan \u00e7e\u015fitli kentlere ait sikkelerin imajlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden g\u00f6rsel olarak takip etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00add\u00fcr. Kolektif kimlikler alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Hellenistik d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen, kentle\u00adraras\u0131 siyasi ve sosyal ili\u015fkilerdeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n sikkeler \u00fczerindeki yans\u0131malar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130lk etapta Hellenistik D\u00f6nem ile daha organize bir hal alan federal olu\u00ad\u015fumlar\u0131 ifade eden koinon\u2019<\/em>lar, Aetolia, Akharnania, Epiros ve Thessalia \u00f6ze\u00adlinde incelenirken bu te\u015fekk\u00fcllerin darp ettirdi\u011fi ve kolektif bir kimli\u011fi yans\u0131t\u00adma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 aksettiren M\u00d6 VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131 ile M\u00d6 III-II. y\u00fczy\u0131llara tarihle\u00adnen sikkeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilir. Ard\u0131ndan, Peloponnesos Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasi beraberli\u011fini aksettiren Akhaia Birli\u011fi sikkeleri, yerel tiplerin ve federal bir ethnikon\u2019<\/em>un benimsendi\u011fi Lykia Birli\u011fi sikkeleri s\u00f6z konusu olu\u015fumlar\u0131n tarihi geli\u015fimi ile ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Kimlikler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bu k\u0131sm\u0131, Bat\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131l federal sikke tertibini ifade eden, \u00f6n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda krali ya da dini bir portre bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayan kistaphor\u2019<\/em>lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra festivaller i\u00e7in darp edildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve genel itibariyle M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131la tesad\u00fcf eden sikkelerle son bulur. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn, Hellenle\u015fen kimliklerin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hel\u00adlen ikonografyas\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7 co\u011frafyalarda nas\u0131l benimsendi\u011finin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Hellenistik \u0130ran, Parthlar ve kom\u015fu halklar, Baktrial\u0131lar ve Indo-Grekler ile Kartaca ve bat\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Hellenistik \u0130ran\u2019da Seleukos h\u00e2kimiyetinin k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sikkeler \u00fczerinden takibi, yeni hanedanl\u0131klar ve darp ettirdikleri sikkeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilir. Parthlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise Seleukos satraplar\u0131, yar\u0131 otonom vasal olu\u015fumlar ile M\u00d6 II-I. y\u00fczy\u0131l Parth kral\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n darplar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Seleukos Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sah\u00adneye \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z halef devletlerin darplar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleriyle sunulur. Hel\u00adle\u00adnistik co\u011frafyan\u0131n do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren Greko-Baktrian kral\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihine ili\u015fkin bilgiler ile n\u00fcmismatik veriler birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra Indo-Grek krallar\u0131n M\u00d6 II-I. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00e7ift dilli olarak darp ettirdikleri ve Do\u00ad\u011fu ile Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 numismatik gelene\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 olarak yorumla\u00adnan sikkeler, ya\u015fanan tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 ile beraber ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Son olarak, Kartacal\u0131\u00adlar\u0131n darp ettirdi\u011fi sikkelere dair bilgiler aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, halihaz\u0131rda \u0130skender \u00f6n\u00adcesi Kartaca sikkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen Hellen etkisine ve M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda darp edilmeye ba\u015flanan \u0130skender tipli sikkelere de\u011finilir. Ayr\u0131ca, Bat\u0131 Akde\u00adniz\u2019de sikkeler \u00fczerinde m\u00fc\u015fterek simgelerin, ikonografyalar\u0131n benimseni\u015fini tetikleyen, Paral\u0131 Askerler Sava\u015f\u0131 (M\u00d6 241-237) ve \u0130kinci P\u00f6n Sava\u015f\u0131 (M\u00d6 218-201) bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya konan sikkeler \u00fczerinden incelenir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm Politik ekonomi <\/em>ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, sikke darp eden oto\u00adri\u00adteler taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen sistemlerin incelendi\u011fi Currency Systems<\/em> (Birim Sistemleri) ile bronz ile g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sikke darb\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bronze and Sil\u00adver <\/em>(Bronz ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f) isimli iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131k ihtiva eder. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019de krall\u0131klar\u0131n ve kentlerin neden sikke darp ettirdiklerine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ile ba\u015flarken devletler baz\u0131nda \u00f6demelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, ordula\u00adra maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi, ia\u015fenin temini gibi geleneksel anlat\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00e2kim g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu d\u00f6nemde bilin\u00e7li bir parasal politika m\u0131 g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yoksa ani geli\u015fen ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ad\u0131na m\u0131, sikke darp ettirdikleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131n\u00addan, \u00f6zellikle Seleukos Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen, farkl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k standart\u00adlar\u0131nda darp edilmi\u015f alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sikkelerin co\u011frafyalar aras\u0131 serbest\u00e7e do\u00adla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 manas\u0131na gelen ve tetikleyici unsuru paral\u0131 askerler olan a\u00e7\u0131k birim sis\u00adtemine de\u011finilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yerel ve kapal\u0131 birim sistemlerinin aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131\u00ads\u0131mda, Byzantion, Khalkedon gibi kat\u0131 bir yerel birim sistemi benimseyen kentlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Miletos gibi daha esnek bir politika benimseyen kentler ve darplar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Krall\u0131klar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise Ptolemaioslar\u0131n uygu\u00adlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerel ve kapal\u0131 birim sisteminin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc darplar, benimsenen politikan\u0131n sebepleri ile bir arada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Yerel birim sistemlerine dair bilgilerin verildi\u011fi bu k\u0131s\u0131m Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu\u011fu kendi y\u00f6ntemine ili\u015fkin bilgiler ile son bulur. \u0130lk alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131nda, M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibari ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Attika a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k sisteminin uzun bir s\u00fcredir d\u00f6rt drah\u00admai<\/em> i\u00e7in 17,20 gr olarak sabitlenen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yak. 16,75-16,80 gr olarak Yeni Tarz Atina sikkeleri ile birlikte u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik, bu farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n yans\u0131ma\u00adlar\u0131 ile nihai olarak M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ile I. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Hellen d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u00adda yerel birim sistemlerine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel itibari ile Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019de bronz sikke darb\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgiler sunulur. \u0130lk olarak g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sikkeden bronz sikkeye ge\u00e7i\u015f hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fit\u00adli kentlerin \u00f6rnekleri \u00fczerinden k\u0131sa bir bilgi verildikten sonra kentlerin bronz sikke darp etmelerinin sebepleri Sestos kenti \u00f6zelinde ele al\u0131n\u0131rken, bronz ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sikkeler \u00fczerinde zengin aile bireylerinin isimlerinin lejant olarak yer al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kaplamal\u0131 bronz sikkelere de k\u0131saca de\u011finilir. Bronz sikkelerin sirk\u00fclasyonunun ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferdeki darplar\u0131n saklamaya de\u011fer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6m\u00fclerden ziyade kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda darp yerlerinden uza\u011fa sirk\u00fcle olmad\u0131klar\u0131, ancak yine de bunun tam bir ka\u00adpal\u0131 bronz sistemi manas\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi Atina Agora ve Priene kaz\u0131lar\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sundu\u011fu veriler \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Bat\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7en krali bronzlar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile baz\u0131 bronz darplar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre dola\u015f\u0131mda kalmas\u0131na da de\u011finilir. Yazar bu k\u0131\u00ads\u0131mda son olarak bronz sikkelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye de\u011fer problemati\u011fi ile sivil eko\u00adnomi de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiden bahseder. Bu alt ba\u015fl\u0131k ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Boiotia B\u00f6lgesi kent\u00adlerinden Thebai\u2019de bulunan ve M\u00d6 II. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131na tarihlenen, Pompi\u00addas isimli atl\u0131 komutan\u0131n tuttu\u011fu gelir ve gider listesi sayesinde d\u00f6nemin ve kentin bronz sikke darb\u0131 ve g\u00fcndelik hayatta kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin edinilen ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler ile sona erer.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130deoloji<\/em>, Kings<\/em> (Krallar) ve From Flamini\u00adnus to Augustus<\/em> (Flamininus\u2019tan Augustus\u2019a) adl\u0131 iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131k i\u00e7erir. Birinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u00f6ncelikle krali ideolojinin ne ifade etti\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar sunulur ve ard\u0131ndan Hellenistik d\u00f6nem sikkelerinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 krali ikonografya, bu tasvirlerin haiz oldu\u011fu mesajlar ile beraber ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Yazar, sikkelerin s\u00f6z ko\u00adnusu d\u00f6nemde h\u00fck\u00fcmdar i\u00e7in tebaas\u0131na ula\u015fmak ad\u0131na en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili yol olu\u015funu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, Hellenistik D\u00f6nem ile birlikte g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015fla\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, sikkenin \u00f6n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcmdar portresi yer al\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Seleukoslar, Ptole\u00admaioslar ve Amastris (M\u00d6 306-284) \u00fczerinden \u00f6rneklendirerek aktar\u0131r. Yine Helle\u00adnistik D\u00f6nem ile beraber \u00f6rnekleri var olmaya ba\u015flayan, krallar\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00adsal \u00f6zellikler atfedilmi\u015f \u015fekilde sikkeler \u00fczerinde betimleni\u015fi B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sken\u00adder\u2019e \u00f6yk\u00fcnme, Olympos tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl niteliklerinin adaptasyonu, ge\u00e7ir\u00addi\u011fi tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6rnekler ile ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak benzer zaman dilimleri i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren yerler de vard\u0131r. Yazar bu hususu, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca sikkeleri \u00fczerinde kral betimlemesi tercih etmeyen Antigo\u00adnos hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Sparta kral\u0131 Areus (M\u00d6 309-265) ve Syrakusai tiranlar\u0131 Agathokles (M\u00d6 316-289) ile II. Hieron (M\u00d6 269-215) gibi kendini Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rme \u00e7abas\u0131nda olan ve bunun i\u00e7in de \u00f6zellikle B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender d\u00f6nemi sikke tiplerini benimseyen kral ve tiranlar \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131r. \u0130lk alt ba\u015fl\u0131k, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanan ve bir \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n idealize bi\u00e7imli krali portrelerinden uzakla\u015fan tasvir ak\u0131m\u0131na dair detayl\u0131 bir inceleme ile sona erer. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mda sunulan sik\u00adke imajlar\u0131, yazar\u0131n aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n zihinde somutla\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u00addan olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131 olmakta. P. Thonemann kitab\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131nda Hellenistik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Roma h\u00e2kimiyetine girdi\u011fi s\u00fcrece dair t\u00fcm yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n kay\u00adboldu\u011fu bir senaryo \u00e7izer. Burada ama\u00e7, sikkelerin epigrafik belgelerin yoklu\u00ad\u011fun\u00adda ne derece \u00f6nemli ve yol g\u00f6sterici olabilece\u011fini okuyucuya aktarmak\u00adt\u0131r. Sikkeler \u00fczerinden in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu tarihsel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemede, Ma\u00adkedon krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile olan m\u00fcnasebetler ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n Roma eyaleti haline geli\u015fini takip eden s\u00fcre\u00e7 M\u00d6 III. ve I. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu taraflarca darp edilen sikkeler ele al\u0131narak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan, Roma h\u00e2kimiyetinin yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f de\u00adnarius\u2019<\/em>lar\u0131n Hellen anakaras\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019ya sirk\u00fclasyonu ile paralellik kurularak incelenir. Yazar, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in fetihleri sonras\u0131 birle\u015fen co\u011fraf\u00adyalarda ya\u015fanan etkile\u015fimleri sikkeler \u00fczerinden tekrar yorumlarken Roma \u0130mpa\u00adratorluk D\u00f6nemi ile s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nem aras\u0131nda da \u00f6z bir anlat\u0131yla k\u0131yas\u00adlama ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak eserini bitirir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 ileti\u015fimin ilk defa bu denli kapsaml\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 tem\u00adsil eden Hellenistik d\u00f6nemin, numismatik veriler baz al\u0131narak incelendi\u011fi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap, alan\u0131nda ortaya konulmu\u015f en g\u00fcncel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kitap boyunca, ele al\u0131nan her konu ve d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin sikkelerin imajlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ile sunulmas\u0131, konu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 okuyucu i\u00e7in pe\u00adki\u015f\u00adtirmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019den Roma fetihlerine uzanan s\u00fcrecin de\u011fi\u015ftir\u00addi\u011fi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplumsal olgular\u0131n sikkeler \u00fczerinden etkile\u015fimli ta\u00adkibi, s\u00f6z konusu eserin akademik de\u011ferini bir kat daha art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ge\u00adnel okuyucu kitlesine ula\u015fabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

\u00d6mer TATAR (Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r.)<\/strong>
\nomertatar@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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