{"id":3331,"date":"2017-12-24T21:43:27","date_gmt":"2017-12-24T19:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0121"},"modified":"2018-01-17T09:10:11","modified_gmt":"2018-01-17T07:10:11","slug":"lbr-0121","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0121","title":{"rendered":"Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Emre AYG\u00dcN<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: 9789753439640<\/strong>
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0278
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02015
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 491-494<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017039
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 23.11.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 02.12.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 24.12.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n
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E. AYG\u00dcN (Haz.), Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2015. Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 278 sayfa (12 resim ve 1 harita ile birlikte). ISBN: 9789753439640<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ad<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski Nors\u2019ta hik\u00e2ye anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018saga\u2019<\/em>, s\u00f6ylemek manas\u0131ndaki \u2018segja\u2019<\/em> keli\u00admesi ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. 1000 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesindeki kadim \u0130skandinav d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 konu almas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 saga \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki For\u00adnal\u00addars\u00f6gur<\/em> Sagas\u0131 mitsel ve kahramanl\u0131k hik\u00e2yelerini, kral sagalar\u0131 olarak bili\u00adnen Konungas\u00f6gur<\/em> Sagas\u0131 ise Norve\u00e7 krallar\u0131n\u0131 konu almaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir saga t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak ele alabilece\u011fimiz \u00cdslendingas\u00f6gur<\/em> sagalar\u0131 ise \u00f6zellikle 850-1050 d\u00f6nemleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130zlandal\u0131 birey<\/em>leri anlatmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u0130skandinav tarihinin 1000 y\u0131l\u0131 dolaylar\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak 826 ile 1140 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen \u201cChronicon Roskildense<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 anonim eser d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00adug\u00fcn i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir kaynak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle sagalar Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f \u0130skandinav tarihi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Atalar\u0131n\u0131n kahra\u00admanl\u0131k hik\u00e2yelerini konu almas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan destans\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan sagalarda za\u00adman kavram\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile tarih\u00e7iler birinci derece kay\u00adnak olarak kullanmaktan ziyade ele\u015ftirisel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar sergilemi\u015fler ve kar\u015f\u0131\u00adla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak kullanmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u00ceslendingas\u00f6gur<\/em> sagalar\u0131 \u00f6be\u011finden olan Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kim veyahut kim\u00adler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemekle birlikte h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u0130zlandal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i ve politikac\u0131 Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Sa\u00adgan\u0131n belli par\u00e7alar\u0131 1670 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ketill J\u00f6rundsson (1603\/7-1670) taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131s\u00admen bir araya getirilmi\u015f ve haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7eviriye kaynakl\u0131k eden ana metin 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da William C. Green taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f The Story of Egill Skallagr\u00edmsson<\/em>\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

Eser genel hatlar\u0131 ile giri\u015f niteli\u011finde Sunu\u015f<\/em> (13-51) ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde ve\u00adrilen bilgilere ithafen \u00f6n bir Kaynak\u00e7<\/em>a (51-53) ile ba\u015flay\u0131p kahraman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131 <\/em>(53-250) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile devam etmektedir. Bu b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcm, eseri haz\u0131rlayan Emre Ayg\u00fcn taraf\u0131ndan kendi i\u00e7erisinde doksan iki ayr\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131larak sunulmu\u015ftur. Biz bu k\u0131sm\u0131n, okuyucuyu yoraca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile ayr\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek yerine genel ve tek bir ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelemeyi tercih ettik.<\/p>\n

Sunu\u015f <\/em>k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ilk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u2019t\u0131r (13-25). Bu ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131kta Vikinglerin kimler oldu\u011funa dair genel bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Viking sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu kolu olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131larak Viking \u00c7a\u00ad\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n genel tablosu \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Akabindeki ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Viking K\u00fclt\u00fc\u00adr\u00fc<\/em>\u2018nde (25-36) b\u00f6lgeler ve topluluklar, Vikinglerde din, ahlak, Run yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, ta\u00adrih\u00ad\u00e7ilik ve \u015fiir ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zlanda Saga T\u00fcrleri <\/em>(36-40) adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kta, saga\u00adlar\u0131n genel nitelikleri ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki saga tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 okuyucuya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda (40-48) 910-990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Egill\u2019in ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Sunu\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar\u0131n eseri v\u00fccuda getirirken izledi\u011fi metotlar\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7eviri Hakk\u0131nda <\/em>(48-50) k\u0131sm\u0131 ve Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(51-52) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile tamamlanmaktad\u0131r. Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131 <\/em>(53-250) adl\u0131 birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sonunda kitap i\u00e7erisinde kullan\u0131lan g\u00f6rsellere eklemeler yap\u0131\u00adlarak Resimler <\/em>(251-262) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile tekrar verilmi\u015ftir. Saga i\u00e7erisinde bahsi ge\u00e7en yerlerin ve kronolojinin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Yer Adlar\u0131 S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/em>(263-273) ve Zamandizini<\/em>\u2019nin (273-277) verilmesi okuyucuya kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flaya\u00adca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Bunlara ek olarak yazar\u0131n \u00e7eviri s\u0131ras\u0131nda istifade etti\u011fi Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(277-278) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile eser tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131 <\/em>(53-250) ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda bir Viking olan Egill\u2019in \u00f6nce soyu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f daha sonra uzak atalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re Skallagr\u00edmur ve Bera \u00e7iftinin d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocu\u011fundan birisi olan Egill\u2019in iki k\u0131z kar\u00adde\u015fi (Saeunn ve Th\u00f3runn) ve Th\u00f3r\u00f3lf isimli bir a\u011fabeyi bulunurken en uzak atas\u0131 olarak Korkusuz \u00dalfr g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Egill yedi ya\u015flar\u0131na de\u011fin a\u011fabeyi Th\u00f3r\u00f3lf\u2019un politik yeteneklerinin g\u00f6lgesinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sagada Egill hakk\u0131nda ilk somut Viking izlenimi oyun arkada\u015f\u0131 Gr\u00edmr\u2019u balta ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesinden sonra olu\u015fmak\u00adtad\u0131r. \u00c7evresine kar\u015f\u0131 mesafeli duru\u015fu ve so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sagadaki di\u011fer kah\u00adra\u00admanlardan kolayl\u0131kla ayr\u0131labilen Egill, hen\u00fcz on iki ya\u015f\u0131nda a\u011fabeyi Th\u00f3r\u00f3lf\u2019un yan\u0131nda sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu seferler esnas\u0131nda Hersis (vali<\/em>) Th\u00f3rir gibi dostluk\u00adlar edinirken ta\u015fk\u0131n Viking ruhunun getirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klarda kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Norve\u00e7 kral\u0131 Eir\u00edkr ve Krali\u00e7e Gunnhildr\u2019\u0131n dinmek bil\u00admeyen \u00f6fkesi olmu\u015ftur. Kral Eir\u00edkr ve Egill aras\u0131ndaki bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma Egill\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fc\u00adm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar devam edecektir. Norve\u00e7 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kral taraf\u0131ndan Egill\u2019e kurulan bask\u0131 onun daha \u00e7ok \u0130zlanda\u2019da ikamet etmesine ya da ya\u011fma i\u00e7in Danimarka, \u0130ngiltere ya da Balt\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde gezinmesine sebep olacakt\u0131r. Saga\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiltere-Viking ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7in sundu\u011fu bilgiler \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle saga salt siyasi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ya da kurgu-biyografinin \u00f6te\u00adsinde yer i\u015fgal etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sagada, Anglosaksonlar\u0131n ilk monark\u0131 Alfred\u2019in (\u0130ngilizlerin atfetti\u011fi \u00fczere Muh\u00adte\u015fem Alfred\u2019in torunu \u00c6thelstan ya da \u00c6\u00f0elst\u0101n, d. 894-\u00f6.27 Ekim 939) torunu Athelstan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde ki, \u0130ngiliz-Viking ili\u015fkileri siyasi oldu\u011fu kadar sosyolojik ve teknik bilgileri de i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sosyolojik bir mesele olarak Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilinenin tarihin aksine birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcn de olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri destekler niteliktedir. Bu sav\u0131n g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden birisi Egill ve a\u011fabeyi Th\u00f3r\u00f3lf\u2019un \u0130ngiltere saflar\u0131nda \u0130sko\u00e7 lider \u00d3l\u00e1fr\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmas\u0131 ve Egill\u2019in \u0130ngiltere kral\u0131 Athelstan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde kesintiler ile konaklamas\u0131d\u0131r. Yine \u00d3l\u00e1fr\u2019\u0131n Nordimbraland\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek V\u00ednusk\u00f3gar yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki V\u00ednheidr\u2019a kadar gelmesi ve burada \u0130ngiliz bir\u00adlikleri ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan canl\u0131 sava\u015f anlat\u0131lar\u0131 bize Viking sava\u015f silah\u00adlar\u0131 ve stratejileri hakk\u0131nda kesitler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserde bir yandan kesintisiz olarak Egill\u2019in ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan Norve\u00e7 i\u00e7esindeki m\u00fccadelelere de de\u011finilir. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir nokta olarak Norve\u00e7, Kral Eir\u00edkr\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netiminden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 Athelstan\u2019\u0131n evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00e1kon taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir. Bu zaruri bir sava\u015f\u0131 berabe\u00adrinde getirse de Kral Eir\u00edkr \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmez ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u0130sko\u00e7 ve \u0130rlandal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Nordimbraland B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

Egill\u2019in doksanl\u0131 ya\u015flarda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar eser, onun ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n (Th\u00f3r\u00add\u00eds, Thorgerdr, Bera, B\u00f6dvarr ve Thorsteinn) dar \u00e7evresi etraf\u0131nda kurgu\u00adlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da genel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulunmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Egill\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Thorsteinn\u2019in H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmesi ve damad\u0131 Sverting o\u011flu Gr\u00edmr\u2019in Egill\u2019in kemiklerini Mossfell\u2019de yapt\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kiliseye ta\u015f\u0131tmas\u0131 bize H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n X. y\u00fczy\u0131la do\u011fru Viking toplumunda kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ise tarih\u00e7ilerin daha genel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 destekler. Sagalar\u0131n birincil kaynak olarak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in elimizde yeterli d\u00fczeyde bilgi mevcut olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Egill\u2019in Sagas\u0131 <\/em>Vikinglerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131, adalet sistemleri, ahlak kurallar\u0131, ya\u00ad\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc gibi pek \u00e7ok konuda bilgi sunacak nitelikte bir eser\u00addir. Sagalar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 destekler y\u00f6nde de\u00ad\u011fer kazanmas\u0131 ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki kaynak konu\u00admu\u00adnun de\u011fi\u015fece\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Bahattin BAYRAM (MA.)\u00a0<\/strong>
\nbahattinbayram2@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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