{"id":3113,"date":"2017-11-14T09:42:59","date_gmt":"2017-11-14T07:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0109"},"modified":"2018-01-16T13:08:33","modified_gmt":"2018-01-16T11:08:33","slug":"lbr-0109","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0109","title":{"rendered":"Barbarl\u0131ktan Medeniyete Vikingler"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Barbarl\u0131ktan Medeniyete Vikingler<\/em><\/h2>\n

Adamus BREMENSIS<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: 9786059787888<\/strong>
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0248
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher: <\/strong>Yeditepe Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em>\u00a0III (2017) 351-353<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017027
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 15.09.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 11.11.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 14.11.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n
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A. BREMENSIS, Barbarl\u0131ktan Medeniyete Vikingler<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2017. Yeditepe Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 248 sayfa. \u00c7ev. S. \u00d6zkan. ISBN: 9786059787888<\/strong><\/p>\n

MS VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130ngiltere, \u0130rlanda, Avrupa, Akdeniz, Kaf\u00adkas\u00adya ve hatta Anadolu\u2019yu da i\u00e7ine alan Viking ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Vikingler hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli yorumlarda bulunulmu\u015ftur. Korsanlar, soyguncular, yabanc\u0131lar, Nor\u00adman\u00adlar, Danlar ve Adamus Bremensis\u2019in adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Ascomanniler Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi\u2019nde \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptir. Tarihsel bir kurgu olan Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 iki an\u0131tsal olay simgeler. Bunlardan ilki Vikinglerin, Northmberland sa\u00adhili yak\u0131nla\u00adr\u0131nda Lindisfarne manast\u0131r\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131p 793 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ya\u011fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi ise yi\u00adne geleneksel olarak York yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ki Stamford K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngilte\u00adre Kral\u0131 Harold\u2019\u0131n Vikingleri yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak kurgu tarihin \u00f6tesin\u00adde 1070\u2019de Danimarka kral\u0131 Sven Estridsson\u2019un \u0130ngilte\u00adre\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesi ve \u0130ngiliz aristokrasisinin deste\u011fini alarak tac\u0131 istemesi, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni \u0130ngiltere kral\u0131 William\u2019\u0131n bu planlar\u0131 bozmas\u0131 gibi seneler i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden \u00e7eki\u015fmesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya tarihi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan Vikingler \u00fczerine ne ya\u00adz\u0131k ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir elin parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7\u00adme\u00adyecek yay\u0131n bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131m\u0131za konu olan Barbarl\u0131ktan Medeni\u00adye\u00adte Vikingler<\/em> eseri ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Viking ve \u0130skandinav tarih\u00e7ili\u011fine dair bir ilginin ve deste\u011fin olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Eserin m\u00fcellifi Adamus Bre\u00admensis 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla bilgi bulun\u00admayan Adamus\u2019un Saksonya\u2019n\u0131n Meissen kentinden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte\u00addir. S. \u00d6zkan\u2019\u0131n yorumuna g\u00f6re do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi bilinmemekle birlikte eserin kronolojisinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla 1050 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ve 1085\u2019ten \u00f6nce \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kendisinin eserini yaz\u00admaya \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son on y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6lmeden bitirdi\u011fi tahmin edil\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

Eserin orijinal ad\u0131 Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum\u2019<\/em>dur. Eser, Su\u00adnu\u015f<\/em> (7-23) ve Giri\u015f<\/em> (23-27) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ek olarak d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcellif, ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (27-71) Ba\u015fpiskopos Adaldag\u2019a kadar olan Hamburg-Bremen kilisesi tarihini anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kilisenin misyonunu y\u00fc\u00adr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Saksonya b\u00f6lgesini ve halklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarken s\u0131k s\u0131k Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7isi ve Frank \u0130mparatoru Charlamange\u2019n\u0131n (Frans\u0131zca Charlemagne, Almanca Karl I. der Gro\u00dfe, Latince Carolus Magnus veya Karolus Magnus) biyografi yazar\u0131 Ein\u00adhard\u2019\u0131 referans ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6nem\u00adli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u0130s\u00adkan\u00addinav halklar\u0131n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanla\u015fma s\u00fcrecine ay\u0131ran Bre\u00admensis, kuzey halkla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ilk defa Frank Kral\u0131 Ludwing zaman\u0131nda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. M\u00fcellif birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde ayr\u0131ca Viking sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131lan galibiyetlerden bahsederken, Macar istilas\u0131ndan ve yine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kilisenin etkile\u015fimi neticesinde Slav-Viking ittifak\u0131n\u0131n Sak\u00adsonya \u00fczerindeki tehlikelerinden de s\u00f6z etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eserin ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (71-125) ba\u015fpiskopos Adaldag\u2019\u0131n elli \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ikti\u00adda\u00adr\u0131ndaki faaliyetler ile ba\u015flay\u0131p Adalbert\u2019e kadar olan ba\u015fpiskoposlar\u0131n ya\u015fa\u00add\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinmektedir. Elbe nehrinin her iki yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131 konu edinen Adam, \u00f6zellikle Kral Otto\u2019nun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc otoritesinin Vikinglerin Sak\u00adsonya i\u00e7lerinde durdurulmas\u0131 ve Slav halk\u0131n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nem\u00adli bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde ayr\u0131ca Kral Ot\u00adto\u2019nun Roma\u2019ya hareketinden ve \u0130talya\u2019da kurulan bir\u00e7ok manast\u0131rdan bah\u00adse\u00adderken Adam\u2019\u0131n yorumlar\u0131ndan Slav halklar\u0131n\u0131n da bir m\u00fcddet kuzey halk\u00adlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Eserin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde (125-191) ba\u015fpiskopos Adalbert\u2019in yirmi dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcren y\u00f6netimi ve \u00fcn\u00fc tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu husus d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Danimarka, Norve\u00e7 ve \u0130sve\u00e7 \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7erisindeki i\u00e7 sava\u015f hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilirken olaylar yine teolojik pencereden yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcellifin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak ekledi\u011fi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (191-227) ise \u0130skan\u00addinavya\u2019n\u0131n tarihi, co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve geleneklerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Erken co\u011f\u00adrafi ke\u015fifler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir kaynak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Adam\u2019\u0131n eseri \u0130zlanda ve Gr\u00f6nland isimlerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk kaynak olarak sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin m\u00fctercimi Selahattin \u00d6zkan eserin d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ek olarak Adam Efendi\u2019nin Piskoposa Son S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/em> (227-231), Ekler<\/em> (231-235) ile metnin kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in S\u00f6zl\u00fck <\/em>(235-243), Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(243-245) ve \u0130ndeks<\/em> (245-248) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ticaret ve korsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n el ele b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde kilise kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u00adn\u0131nda Latince eserlerle ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklarla desteklenen Adam\u2019\u0131n eserinde Bremen\u2019deki ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kilise anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Adam\u2019\u0131n bir rahip olmas\u0131 kimi durumlarda do\u011fruyu isteyerek g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmesini bera\u00adberinde getirse de ayn\u0131 alanda daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanan Stefan Brink ve Neil Pri\u00adce\u2019in edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Viking D\u00fcnyas\u0131 <\/em>(Viking D\u00fcnyas\u0131. E<\/em>d.Stefan Brink-Neil Price. \u00c7ev. E. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u0130stanbul, 2015. Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00adden des\u00adtek\u00adlemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Viking ad\u0131 ve Viking \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonu gibi bir\u00ad\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Bahattin BAYRAM (MA)\u00a0<\/strong>
\nbahattinbayram2@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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