{"id":2912,"date":"2017-06-23T17:37:25","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T14:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0100"},"modified":"2017-07-10T14:14:14","modified_gmt":"2017-07-10T11:14:14","slug":"lbr-0100","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0100","title":{"rendered":"Eski Yunan: Tarih \u00d6ncesinden Klasik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n

Eski Yunan: Tarih \u00d6ncesinden Klasik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a<\/h2>\n

Thomas R. MARTIN<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n

ISBN: <\/strong>9786050201277
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0407
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02014
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:<\/strong> Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

<\/div>\n

<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> III (2017) 177-180<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017014
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 19.05.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 20.05.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 23.06.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t\n

\"pdf\"\u00a0\u00a0Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong> View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0 <\/a>Citation<\/a>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

\n\t\t

<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
<\/div>\n

T. R. MARTIN, Eski Yunan: Tarih \u00d6ncesinden Klasik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2014. Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 407 sayfa (8 harita, 2 plan, 2 tablo, 45 foto\u011fraf ve 10 kronoloji tablosu ile birlikte). \u00c7ev. \u00dc. H. Yolsal. ISBN: 9786050201277<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 bir tarih\u00e7i olan Thomas R. Martin, Holy Cross Koleji\u2019nde Atina de\u00admok\u00adrasisi, Hellenizm ve Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile ilgili dersler vermektedir. An\u00adtik Yunan, Roma ve n\u00fcmismatik tarihi yazar\u0131n ana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. So\u00advereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece<\/em> (Priceton University Press, 1985), The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures<\/em> (Bedford\/St. Martin’s, 2 vol., 2001) ve Herodotus and Sima Qian: The First Great Historians of Greece and China<\/em> (Bedford\/St. Martin’s, 2009) hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmemi\u015f olan eser\u00adleridir. Thomas R. Martin ayn\u0131 zamanda web tabanl\u0131 dijital k\u00fct\u00fcphane olan Perseus Digital Library\u2019nin yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

Kitap, \u0130\u00e7indekiler, \u0130l\u00fcstrasyonlar, Giri\u015f, Te\u015fekk\u00fcr, K\u0131saltmalar<\/em> k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla birlikte kronolojik olarak devam eden 10 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmakta ayr\u0131ca Okuma \u00d6nerileri<\/em> ve Dizin<\/em> k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla son bulmaktad\u0131r. Kitapta aktar\u0131lan bilgiler 8 ha\u00adrita, 2 plan, 2 tablo, 45 foto\u011fraf ve 10 kronoloji tablosu ile desteklenmekte\u00addir. Giri\u015f<\/em> (9-13) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazarken kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, kay\u00adnaklar\u0131n\u0131, kitap i\u00e7eri\u011fini olu\u015fturan tarihsel d\u00f6nemleri ve bu tarihsel d\u00f6nem\u00adlerden hangilerine daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan Eski Yunan Tarihi\u2019nin Arty\u00f6releri<\/em>\u2019nde (21-41) Yu\u00adnan halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya ve fiziksel ortamlar betimlenmekte, bu b\u00f6l\u00adgede ya\u015fanan prehistorik \u00e7a\u011flarda g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam ve toplum ile ilgili \u00f6rnekler verilmekte, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a kadar zamanla nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hint-Avrupal\u0131lardan Mikenlere<\/em> (43-80) adl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerine Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla silahlar\u0131n geli\u015fimine de\u011finilmektedir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilerleyen sayfalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ve verimli Girit\u2019in ve Ege\u2019nin ilk uygar\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2018ndan; Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Mikenler ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u00addan; Mikenlerin y\u00fckseli\u015finden ve Miken Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M\u00d6 1200\u2019lerde, Akdeniz\u2019in iyice yerle\u015fik h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f devletlerinin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na se\u00adbep olan olaylarla nas\u0131l son buldu\u011fundan bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f<\/em> (81-101) adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f (yak. M\u00d6 1200-800) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve Yunanistan\u2019daki Miken Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p, Yak\u0131n\u00addo\u011fu\u2019daki kentleri ve uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 zay\u0131flatan ya da ortadan kald\u0131ran sava\u015flar d\u00f6\u00adnemine, bu sava\u015flardan sonraki toparlanma d\u00f6nemine ve bu d\u00f6nemdeki alfabe, Panhellenik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6steren Olimpiyat Oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu, Homeros ve Hesiodos\u2019un temel eser niteli\u011finde say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 din ve mitolojideki yeniliklere de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Arkaik \u00c7a\u011f<\/em> (103-129) adl\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kent devletlerinin (polis<\/em>) geli\u015fimine, kent devletlerin geli\u015fmesi ile top\u00adraklar\u0131n\u0131n artan n\u00fcfusun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap verememesi ile erkek yurt\u00adta\u015flar\u0131n polis<\/em>lerden \u00e7\u0131karak erken s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirmeyi nas\u0131l ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131na de\u00ad\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Kent devletlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yurtta\u015fl\u0131k kavram\u0131 ve toplumsal s\u0131\u00adn\u0131flar, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yurtta\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015fka yurtta\u015flar i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n utan\u00e7 verici say\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6zg\u00fcr yurtta\u015flar\u0131n birer mal\u0131 olan k\u00f6lelerin ya\u015fam\u0131, kent dev\u00adletlerinde hane yap\u0131s\u0131 ve evlilik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almakta\u00add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Oligar\u015fi, Tiranl\u0131k ve Demokrasi<\/em> (131-174) adl\u0131 be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, iki farkl\u0131 y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi olan Sparta ve Atina\u2019n\u0131n siyasi geli\u015fimlerine de\u011finilmektedir. Oligar\u015fi ile y\u00f6netilen Sparta\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netim de\u00adtaylar\u0131, kom\u015fular\u0131 ile ili\u015fkileri, Messenia\u2019y\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmesi ve ekonomisini he\u00adlot<\/em>lara nas\u0131l dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, birer asker gibi yeti\u015ftirilen Spartal\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u00adlar\u0131, Korinthos ve Atina gibi kent devletlerinin tiranl\u0131k tecr\u00fcbesi, Ati\u00adna\u2019daki demokratik sistem, Solon reformlar\u0131 ve Kleisthenes ile demokrasinin son ha\u00adlini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Sap\u00adpho, Pythagoras, Miletoslu Thales ve Anaksimandros ve Kolophonlu Kse\u00adno\u00adphanes\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olduklar\u0131 yeni edebiyat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerden bahse\u00addil\u00admekte\u00addir.<\/p>\n

Pers Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019ndan Atina \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na<\/em> (175-216) adl\u0131 alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00adde M\u00d6 VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda birbirleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Atinal\u0131lar ile Perslerin bir itti\u00adfak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden nas\u0131l birer d\u00fc\u015fmana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerine, Perslerin ve He\u00adlen\u00adlerin Ionia Ayaklanmas\u0131\u2019ndan M\u00d6 479\u2019daki Mykale Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar ge\u00e7en zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar\u0131na, Atina\u2019n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u00ad\u011f\u00fcne ve bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm esnas\u0131nda demokrasi, adalet, sanat ve y\u00f6netim alan\u00adlar\u0131ndaki yeniliklere de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm olan Klasik Atina\u2019da K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Toplum<\/em>\u2019da (217-249) klasik Helen dininin \u00f6zelliklerine; toplumda \u00f6nemli bir yer edinen tragedialara ve en \u00f6nemli tragedia temsilcileri olan Aiskhylos, Sophokles ve Euripides\u2019e; Ati\u00adna g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n konumlar\u0131na, erkek ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kamu\u00adsal ya\u015fam e\u011fitimlerini nas\u0131l ald\u0131klar\u0131na; sophistler, tarih yazarlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ko\u00adnulardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin Klasik Atina Toplumu\u2019ndaki etkilerine de\u011finilmekte\u00addir.<\/p>\n

Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Atina\u2019da Do\u011furdu\u011fu Sonu\u00e7lar<\/em> (251-298) adl\u0131 seki\u00adzinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde zaman zaman Yunan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine \u00e7eken Pelo\u00adponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (M\u00d6 431-404) nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Atina\u2019n\u0131n yenil\u00admesinin sebepleri, sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda Atina\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve bu s\u0131k\u0131n\u00adt\u0131lar\u0131n komedyaya yans\u0131malar\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n biti\u015finden Sokrates\u2019in idam\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te Atina toplumunun ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yazar taraf\u0131ndan Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019e<\/em> (299-334) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 dokuzuncu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Peloponessos Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, 80 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flayan ve taraflar\u0131 t\u00fcketen \u00e7eki\u015fmeyle kuzeydeki Makedonya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lge h\u00e2ki\u00admiyetine nas\u0131l yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir. Makedonya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturan II. Philippos ile bilinen d\u00fcnyada h\u00e2kimiyet kuran B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sken\u00adder\u2019in y\u00f6netim ve askeri faaliyetlerine y\u00fczeysel olarak de\u011finilmektedir. Siyasi tarihle birlikte Platon, Aristoteles ve Isokrates gibi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nde gelen felse\u00adfeci ve rhetorik\u00e7ilerinin etkileri detayl\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Onuncu b\u00f6l\u00fcm olan Helenistik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019<\/em>da (335-368) B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine ard\u0131llar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Hellenistik Krall\u0131klar, bu krall\u0131klar\u0131n idari ve askeri alanlardaki y\u00f6netimi, bu d\u00f6nemdeki toplumun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve ekonomisi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplum i\u00e7indeki stat\u00fcs\u00fc, Hellence\u2019nin nas\u0131l geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya ya\u00ady\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Theokritos ve Kallimakhos gibi Hellenistik \u015fairler ile heykel sanat\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler, \u0130skenderiye\u2019de kurulan bilim yuvas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fi, Epi\u00adkou\u00adros\u00e7uluk, Stoac\u0131l\u0131k ve Kynikler gibi felsefi ak\u0131mlar ile felsefedeki ilgi alan\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi, yerel k\u00fcltlerin geni\u015f co\u011frafyalara yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Hellenistik D\u00f6\u00adnem dini etkile\u015fimleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Okuma \u00d6nerileri<\/em> (369-392) k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar, okuyuculara 10 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere olduk\u00e7a yararl\u0131 olan bir okuma listesi \u00f6nerisinde bu\u00adlun\u00admaktad\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n \u00f6neride bulundu\u011fu kitaplar\u0131n hepsi \u0130ngilizce dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup antik kaynaklar\u0131n da \u00e7evirileri \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kitaptaki \u00e7e\u015fitli arkeolojik alan ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6rsellerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 anla\u00adt\u0131m\u0131 desteklemekte; her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde sunulan kronoloji tablosu okuyucunun olay\u00adlar aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Kitap, sade ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u00e7evirisi ile ak\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde okunabilecek y\u00fczeysel bir Antik Yunan Tarihi kitab\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Ya\u015far \u0130smet DEM\u0130R\u00d6Z (MA) <\/strong>
\nyasar@eontours.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>

<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/a>