{"id":2910,"date":"2017-06-23T17:31:15","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T14:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0099"},"modified":"2017-09-28T17:36:58","modified_gmt":"2017-09-28T14:36:58","slug":"lbr-0099","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0099","title":{"rendered":"L. Catilina S\u00f6yevi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L. Catilina S\u00f6ylevi<\/h2>\n

CICERO<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9786059872362
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0230
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02016
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:<\/strong> Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> III (2017) 173-176<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017014
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 17.05.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 30.05.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 23.06.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

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CICERO, L. Catilina S\u00f6yevi. \u0130stanbul 2016. Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi,
\n230 sayfa. \u00c7ev. M. Oktan. ISBN: 9786059872362<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marcus Tullius Cicero, M\u00d6 106\u2019da Roma\u2019dan yak. 100 km g\u00fcneyde bulunan Arpinum\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Atl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fudur. E\u011fitimini Roma\u2019n\u0131n en iyi felsefe ve hukuk hocalar\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken M\u00d6 81 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f, M\u00d6 63 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Roma Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin en y\u00fcksek devlet memuriyeti olan consul\u2019<\/em>l\u00fc\u011fe atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok verimli bir \u00f6m\u00fcr ge\u00e7iren Cicero, Latin dilini ustal\u0131kla kullanm\u0131\u015f ve bu dilin geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli konularda bol bol eser veren Cicero \u015fiirle ba\u015flayan edebi hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylevler, hitabet sanat\u0131 \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lar, mektuplar ve felsefi yaz\u0131larla devam ettirmi\u015ftir. As\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ise d\u00fczyaz\u0131 yazar\u0131 olarak kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cicero, \u015fiir, mahkeme savunmalar\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylevleri, dostluk, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, erdem, hitabet sanat\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok konu \u00fczerine \u00f6nemli eserler kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eserlerden biri de Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi, Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, Eski\u00e7a\u011f Dilleri ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Mehmet Oktan taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00ad\u00e7e\u2019ye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan L.<\/em> Catilina S\u00f6ylevi<\/em> adl\u0131 eserdir. Cicero, bu s\u00f6ylevi Ro\u00adma\u2019da consul <\/em>olarak g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde devlet y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik komplo faaliyetinde olan Catilina\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kitap, \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> (7-11), \u00c7eviri Y\u00f6ntemi<\/em> (12-13), Lucius Sergius Catilina<\/em> (14-29), as\u0131l metnin bulundu\u011fu Birinci Catilina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Catilinam Oratio I] (30-67), \u0130kinci Catilina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Catilinam Oratio II] (68-103), \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cati\u00adlina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Catilinam Oratio III] (104-141), D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Catilina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Ca\u00adtilinam Oratio IV] (142-175), Son Notlar <\/em>(176-218), Antik Kaynak Edisyon\u00adlar\u0131<\/em> (219-224), Kaynak\u00e7a<\/em> (225-227) ve Dizin<\/em> (228-230) b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015f\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ns\u00f6z <\/em>(7-11) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, eserin sahibi M. Tullius Cicero ile s\u00f6ylevinde hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fi olan L. Sergius Catilina hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verildi\u011fi gibi Cice\u00adro\u2019yu bu s\u00f6ylevi yapmaya iten ili\u015fkileri de a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde okuyucuya sunul\u00admaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evirmen, Cicero\u2019nun bizzat kendisinin, bu olaylar i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131p, sonucunda da kendi hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmak maksad\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu s\u00f6ylevin, antik\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n belirli bir kesitini birinci elden sunuyor olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nemine de\u011finilmektedir. S\u00f6ylevin i\u00e7eri\u011fi, b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, hangi tarih\u00adler aras\u0131nda, nerede yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bilgiler yine bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi eser\u00adle ilgili o zamana kadar yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7eviri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler de veril\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviri Y\u00f6ntemi<\/em> (12-13) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde eserin \u00e7evirisinde hangi edisyonun temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve faydalan\u0131lan kaynaklar hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmektedir. Lucius Ser\u00adgius Catilina <\/em>(14-29) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, eserin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bu ese\u00adre konu olan Catilina ve Catilina ile Cicero\u2019nun siyasi alanda oynad\u0131klar\u0131 role ve \u00e7eki\u015fmelere yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Birinci Catilina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Catilinam Oratio I] (30-68) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Cice\u00adro\u2019nun M\u00d6 8 Kas\u0131m 63 tarihinde Iuppiter Stator Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019nda senatorlere verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylevi yer almaktad\u0131r. Catila\u2019n\u0131n emelleri u\u011fruna ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ey\u00adlem\u00adlerin senatonun ve kendisinin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak onun hala senato ve insan i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u0131kabilme c\u00fcretini buluyor olmas\u0131ndan hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00admek\u00adte oldu\u011funu dile getirmekte oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek s\u00f6zlerine ba\u015flar. O za\u00adma\u00adna de\u011fin eylemlerinden \u015f\u00fcphe duyulan ki\u015filerin tek bir g\u00fcn ge\u00e7meden ceza\u00adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Catilina\u2019n\u0131n hala cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 ka\u00adl\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken onun cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tek bir yanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne denk gelece\u011fini umut etmektedir. Bundan sonra Catilina taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan eylem ve planlar\u0131 zaman ve mekan\u0131yla ortaya d\u00f6kmekte ve Catilina\u2019n\u0131n kenti terk etmesine y\u00f6nelik tavsiyelerde bu\u00adlunup onu bir consul<\/em> olarak s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmeyi\u015fi ve ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ne\u00adden\u00adlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Cicero bir consul<\/em> olarak despot gibi g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcnmek istemedi\u011finden ve onu ortadan kald\u0131rarak geride kalan taraftarlar\u0131\u00adn\u0131n tekrar filizlenmesine de engel olmak istedi\u011finden sorunu k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00admek niyetiyle bu yolu izliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Catilina S\u00f6ylevi<\/em> [In L. Catilinam Oratio II] (68-103) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Cice\u00adro\u2019nun M\u00d6 9 Kas\u0131m 63 tarihinde Forum Romanum<\/em>\u2019da halka kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylevi yer almaktad\u0131r. Catilina, Cicero\u2019nun ilk konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc ken\u00adti terk etmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci Catilina s\u00f6ylevi<\/em>, Catilina\u2019n\u0131n kenti terk etmesinin \u00fczerine Cicero\u2019nun Catilina ve tehlikeden kurtulu\u015f s\u00f6ylemleri ile ba\u015flar. Cicero, devle\u00adti yok etmeye y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131 olan bu ki\u015fiyi ortadan kald\u0131rmak yerine gitme\u00adsine g\u00f6z yummas\u0131n\u0131 onun yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fundan ve bir despot gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u00adlerek yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamaya y\u00f6nelik faaliyetlerinin engellenmesinden kork\u00adtu\u00ad\u011fundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, Catilina\u2019n\u0131n gitmesine g\u00f6z yumdu\u011fu i\u00e7in halktan bir nevi af diler. Ancak bundan sonra bu yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sergileme\u00adyece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek komplocular\u0131 tespit etmeyi, niyetlerini ortaya d\u00f6kmeyi ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle onlardan devleti kurtarmay\u0131 g\u00f6rev edinmekte ve onlara da son is\u00adtisna olarak \u00e7ekip gitmeleri i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6stermektedir. Cicero, Catilina\u2019ya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmaktan ziyade onlar\u0131 bu yoldan d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi hedefle\u00admekte ve onlara nasihatlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Catilina\u2019n\u0131n taraf\u0131nda yer alan\u00adlar genellikle borca batm\u0131\u015f, y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irme h\u0131rs\u0131 ile yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan, ya\u015fl\u0131 ama askeri manada din\u00e7, i\u015fe yaramaz ve tembel kimseler ile e\u015fk\u0131ya ve su\u00e7\u00adlulardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bunun ard\u0131ndan Catilina taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ya\u00adpay ba\u011f\u0131 vurgulayan Cicero, Roma halk\u0131 ile bu g\u00fcruh aras\u0131nda k\u0131yaslamada bulunur ve halk\u0131 bu beladan kurtulmak i\u00e7in cesaretlendirme yoluna gider. Ayr\u0131ca onlardan tanr\u0131lara dua etmelerini ister.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Catilina S\u00f6ylevi<\/em> [In L. Catilinam Oratio III] (104-141) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Cicero\u2019nun M\u00d6 3 Aral\u0131k 63 tarihinde Forum<\/em> Romanum<\/em>\u2019da halka kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylevi yer almaktad\u0131r. Cicero bu konu\u015fmada komplocular\u0131n eylemlerine dair ortaya d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgilere nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamakta, devlet y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irmek niyetinde olan bu ki\u015filerin isyan faaliyetlerini elde etti\u011fi mektuplar ve mektuplardaki m\u00fch\u00fcrlerle kan\u0131tlamakta ve senato \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fczle\u015ftirme yoluna gitmektedir. Komplocular\u0131n eylem giri\u015fimlerinin delillerle ispatlanma\u00ads\u0131yla devlet kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilan edilip, su\u00e7lular cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken komploculara kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edenler \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Catilina S\u00f6ylevi <\/em>[In L. Catilinam Oratio IV] (142-175) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00adde, Cicero\u2019nun M\u00d6 5 Aral\u0131k 63 tarihinde Concordia Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019nda senat\u00f6rlere kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylev yer almaktad\u0131r. Cicero, burada kendisi i\u00e7in endi\u015felenmek\u00adte olan senat\u00f6rlere bundan vazge\u00e7melerini zira g\u00f6revinin getirece\u011fi zorlukla\u00adr\u0131 \u00fcstlenebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekle s\u00f6zlerine ba\u015flar. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa komplocula\u00adr\u0131n nas\u0131l cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cicero, sena\u00adt\u00f6r\u00adlerin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden hangisini benimsedi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek niyetindedir. Bu sebeple, bu konu\u015fmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ve iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cicero\u2019nun bizzat kendisinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamak ve devleti i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tehlikeden kurtarmak maksad\u0131yla consul\u2019<\/em>lu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu konu\u015fma, d\u00f6nemin devlet y\u00f6netiminin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131ndan ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verdi\u011fi gibi Roma Tarihinin belirli bir kesitini bizlere sunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, eserin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle M\u00d6 I. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Roma\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 sorunlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmam\u0131z bak\u0131\u00adm\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Meryem K\u00d6SE (MA) <\/strong>
\nmeryem.kose.9@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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