{"id":2908,"date":"2017-06-23T17:25:20","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T14:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/2015-en\/trans-2015-en\/lbr-0098"},"modified":"2017-07-10T15:05:47","modified_gmt":"2017-07-10T12:05:47","slug":"lbr-0098","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0098","title":{"rendered":"Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131: Bir Hanedan\u0131n Evrimi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131: Bir Hanedan\u0131n Evrimi<\/h2>\n

Song\u00fcl MEC\u0130T<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9789750521478
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0344
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02017
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:<\/strong> \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> III (2017) 169-172<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017016
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 02.05.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 20.05.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 23.06.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

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S. MEC\u0130T, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131: Bir Hanedan\u0131n Evrimi<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2017. \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 344 sayfa. \u00c7ev. \u00d6. Akp\u0131nar. ISBN: 9789750521478<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edinburgh \u00dcniversitesi \u0130slam ve Ortado\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u00admac\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan Song\u00fcl Mecit\u2019in Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131: Bir Haneda\u00adn\u0131n Evrimi<\/em> kitab\u0131 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n orijinal ismi The Rum Seljuks, Evolution of a Dynasty<\/em>\u2019dir. Yazar, Sel\u00ad\u00e7uklu tarihi \u00fczerine kaleme al\u0131nan eserlerin genellikle siyasi olaylara ve me\u00addeniyet tarihine dair oldu\u011funu belirterek, kendi kitab\u0131nda siyasi olaylar\u0131n kro\u00adnolojik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ziyade Sel\u00e7uklu hanedan\u0131n\u0131n zihniyet haritas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koy\u00admaya y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Eserde, Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrklerinin zaruri g\u00f6\u00e7lerinden ba\u015flayarak Do\u011fu Roma imparatoru Manuel Kom\u00adnenos\u2019un 1180\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar olan tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Yazar, anakronistik milliyet\u00e7i kayg\u0131lardan uzak ve sade bir dil ile objektif bir tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sunmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermektedir. Kitap, Giri\u015f<\/em> ve buna ek olarak be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler de kendi i\u00e7lerinde ba\u015fl\u0131klara ayr\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. Giri\u015f<\/em> (17-29) k\u0131sm\u0131 Orta Asya T\u00fcrk siyasal ve sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fer\u00adlendirilmesine ili\u015fkin olup, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Sel\u00e7uklu tarih\u00e7ilerine y\u00f6netilen ele\u015ftiri\u00adleri i\u00e7ermektedir. Giri\u015fe ek olarak Metedoloji<\/em> (29-34) ve de Kaynaklar<\/em> (35-50) k\u0131sm\u0131 da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ilki, G\u00f6\u00e7ebe Beylerden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlara<\/em> (51-77) ad\u0131\u00adn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu K\u00f6ken Gelene\u011fi <\/em>(51-56) isimli ilk ba\u015fl\u0131kta Sel\u00e7uk\u00adlular\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131na girdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, bu hanedan\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ba\u011fla\u00adyan iki e\u011filim de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Bunlardan ilki peygamber ailesiyle ve Arap ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle kurulan ba\u011f; ikincisi ise Pers tarihiyle kurulan paralellik ola\u00adrak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131ndaki \u0130deoloji <\/em>(56-66) ad\u0131 verilen ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurulu\u015funun Ortado\u011fu devletleri\u00adnin zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fc\u00adman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f hali (Samaniler, Karahanl\u0131lar, Gaz\u00adne\u00adliler) Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrklerinin ilerlemesine ve birbiriyle sava\u015fan taraflar kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey ve Tu\u011frul Bey <\/em>(66-68) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise hanedanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin\u00adden uzak T\u00fcrkmen g\u00fcruhlar\u0131n ekonomik kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n siyasal zemine etkileri incelenmektedir. Sel\u00e7uklular ve T\u00fcrkmen Takip\u00e7ileri <\/em>(68-70) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u0130drisi, \u0130bn Hass\u00fbl, \u0130mameddin el-\u0130sfeh\u00e2ni ve Beyh\u00e2ki gibi yazarlar\u0131n eserlerinde bahsettikleri da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k kabilelerden olu\u015fan obalar\u0131n ve devlet y\u00f6netici\u00adlerinin sosyal stat\u00fclerine yer verilmektedir. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular ve Horasan <\/em>(70-77) olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Burada, M\u00fcsl\u00fc\u00adman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir vilayeti say\u0131lan Horasan\u2019\u0131n \u0130slam tarihinde bir\u00e7ok kez belirleyici rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6lgenin ya\u011fma ak\u0131nlar\u0131 neticesinde iktisadi bunal\u0131ma u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ard\u0131ndan Horasan e\u015fraf\u0131n\u0131n Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n konumunu tayin edici rol\u00fc incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Anadolu\u2019da \u0130lk Sel\u00e7uklular: Asiler mi Sultanlar m\u0131? <\/em>(77-119) adl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015f b. Arslan \u0130srail b. Sel\u00e7uk<\/em> (69-85) olarak isimlen\u00addirilmektedir. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131kta, Kutalm\u0131\u015f \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya etkileri ile Pers – \u0130s\u00adlam devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve klasik T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Sel\u00e7uklu devleti i\u00e7erisindeki ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nedeni oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong>I. S\u00fcleyman bin Kutalm\u0131\u015f <\/em>(85-91) adl\u0131 ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta, cihat terminolojisinin Sel\u00e7uklulardaki ilk izlerine de\u011finilmektedir. I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan <\/em>(91-113) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kta, Anado\u00adlu\u2019daki y\u00f6netimini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen Sultan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n rakibi Dani\u015f\u00admendo\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019yle B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 konumunu m\u00fcdafaa etmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi siyasi at\u0131l\u0131mlar a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n 1107\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 1156\u2019ya kadarki tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 ise Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemi<\/em> olarak incelenmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131k \u015eahin\u015fah<\/em> (113-119) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada, Sel\u00e7uklular ve Dani\u015fmendo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi ili\u015fkileri mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u00admak\u00adtad\u0131r. I. R\u00fckneddin Mesud<\/em> (119-125) isimli son ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise Sel\u00e7uklu top\u00adraklar\u0131ndaki Dani\u015fmend etkisi ve Sel\u00e7uklu tarih\u00e7ilerinin Pers – \u0130slam h\u00fc\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addarl\u0131k vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131, kurulmakta olan devlet organlar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirme e\u011fi\u00adlimleri ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm Rum Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu <\/em>(127-179) ismini ta\u015f\u0131\u00admaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7erisinde \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan<\/em> (127-170) olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131kta K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n otoritesini tesis etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideolojik ara\u00e7lar ile d\u00f6nemin siyasal ger\u00e7eklerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca rakipleri B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uk\u00adlular\u0131n Halep Atabeyi Nureddin Zengi ve Eyyubi Sultan\u0131 Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ile aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki incelenmektedir. I. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev<\/em> (170-179) adl\u0131 ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta, I. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev devrinin Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f<\/em>\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle devlet i\u00e7erisindeki Pers, Do\u011fu Roma ve T\u00fcrk etkileri de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. II. R\u00fck\u00adneddin S\u00fcleyman \u015eah<\/em> (179-189) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131kta; i\u00e7 m\u00fccadeleler, S\u00fcley\u00adman \u015eah\u2019\u0131n kendisini \u00fcst\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak kabul ettirmesi ve sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem i\u00e7erde hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almas\u0131 gibi hususlar konu edil\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm olan Rum Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Doruk Noktas\u0131<\/em> (191-230) olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 I. \u0130zzettin Keykavus <\/em>(194-210) ismini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. I. \u0130zzettin Keykavus\u2019un iktidar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde g\u00f6rev alan emirlerinin ve yerel valilerinin Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikala\u00adr\u0131na y\u00f6n veren politik kayg\u0131lar\u0131 ve ticari \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kitabeler tahlil edilerek, bu kitabelerin Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanlar \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fini ve iktidar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in birer ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir. I. Alaeddin Keykubad <\/em>(210-223) isimli ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise I. Alaeddin Keykubad d\u00f6neminde form\u00fcle edilen ideolojik anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bir analizi sunulmaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcs\u00adrev<\/em> (223-230) olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Burada, Sel\u00e7uklu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir kaynak olan \u0130bn B\u00eeb\u00ee ve modern tarih\u00e7ilerin, 1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u00ad\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n Mo\u011fol ordusu taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011framas\u0131 akabinde i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fmelere s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Keyh\u00fcsrev d\u00f6ne\u00admin\u00adde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak saymamalar\u0131 ele\u015ftirilmektedir. Yazar, bu ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131kta daha \u00e7ok sultan\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f usullerinin terk edilmesine ayr\u0131ca Baba \u0130shak taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen muhalif T\u00fcrkmen ayaklanmas\u0131na ve Sel\u00e7uklu emiri Sadettin K\u00f6pek\u2019in Keykubad\u2019\u0131n gayri me\u015fru o\u011flu oldu\u011fu gibi s\u00f6ylemlerine e\u011filerek ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ve Bizans<\/em> (231-306) olarak isimlendirilen be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm iki ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki Rum Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130deolojisi<\/em> (233-235) ola\u00adrak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada, Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftir\u00addi\u011fi ideolojik evrim anlatmaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci ba\u015fl\u0131k Bizans \u0130deolojisi<\/em> (235-238) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmakta ve burada, Do\u011fu Roma imparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 politikalar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ilk Komnenos h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve haleflerinin uygulamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6nemli bir Do\u011fu Roma stratejisine yer verilmektedir. Do\u011fu Romal\u0131lar bu stratejiye g\u00f6re, Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrkmen g\u00fcruhlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131na izin verecek ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uk\u00adlulara kar\u015f\u0131 bir tampon b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturacak ancak T\u00fcrkmen g\u00fcruhlar\u0131n\u0131 tek lider \u00f6nderli\u011finde Konstantinopolis\u2019ten ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli olan k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden uzak tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise ilk be\u015f Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Roma hanedan\u0131 Komne\u00adnoslar\u0131n, 1081-1180 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman – H\u0131ristiyan m\u00fccadelelerin\u00adden s\u0131yr\u0131la\u00adrak birbirlerini tan\u0131malar\u0131 ve kabul etmeleri ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7<\/em> (307-311) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde elde edilen veriler (kronikler, kitabeler, epigrafik kay\u0131tlar ara\u015f\u00adt\u0131rma eserler) \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel bir de\u011ferlendirmede bulunulmakta\u00add\u0131r. Kitap Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(311-335) ve Dizin <\/em>(336-344) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ta\u00admam\u00adlan\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Bahattin BAYRAM (MA) <\/strong>
\nba-hattinbayram2@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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