{"id":2701,"date":"2017-03-31T14:06:28","date_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/?p=2701"},"modified":"2017-03-31T14:29:42","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:29:42","slug":"lbr-0088","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0088","title":{"rendered":"Gracchus Karde\u015fler"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gracchus Karde\u015fler<\/h2>\n

PLUTARKHOS<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9753442432
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0120
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02001
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul
\nPublisher:<\/strong> Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> II (2017) 37-39<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017006
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 28.02.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 24.03.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 29.03.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

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M. PLUTARKHOS, Gracchus Karde\u015fler<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2001. Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 120 sayfa. ISBN: 9753442432<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antik\u00e7a\u011f yazarlar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar pek \u00e7ok yazar\u0131 etkilemi\u015f olan ve yaz\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar\u0131yla Antik Hellen ve Roma d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Persler hakk\u0131nda da k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olan bilgi da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yenilememizi sa\u011flayan Plu\u00adtarkhos (MS 46-120) Hellence\u2019yi kullanma bi\u00e7emi ve eserlerindeki konu \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fitlili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan di\u011fer antikite yazarlar\u0131ndan kolayl\u0131kla ay\u0131rt edilebilmekte\u00addir. Farkl\u0131 temal\u0131 60 denemeden olu\u015fan Moralia (Ethika \/\u1f28\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u1f71) adl\u0131 eseri ya\u00adn\u0131nda en tan\u0131nan eseri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak 44 Romal\u0131 \u2013 Hellen ki\u015fili\u011fin ya\u015fa\u00adm\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biyografi t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki tarih kitab\u0131 Vitae Parallelae (Bioi Paralle\u00adloi\/\u0392\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 ) \u2018\u2018Paralel Ya\u015famlar\u2019\u2019d\u0131r<\/em>. Yitik \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc ve e\u015fle\u015f\u00adtirilmemi\u015f d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli ki\u015fili\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fi bu kitab\u0131nda Plutarkhos tarihsel olarak biyografik ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini ayd\u0131nlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerin eylemlerini yar\u00adg\u0131\u00adlamak amac\u0131nda olmam\u0131\u015f, ele\u015ftirel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmadan bu ki\u015filikle\u00adrin oldu\u011fu gibi betimini yaparak yorumu okuyucuya b\u0131rakmak istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131l\u0131p Trakya \u00dcniversitesi Edebi\u00adyat Fak\u00fcltesi Balkan Dilleri ve Edebiyatlar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Se\u00adma Sandalc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dilimize \u00e7evrilen Gracchus Karde\u015fler<\/em> adl\u0131 kitapta Plu\u00adtarkhos\u2019un s\u00f6z konusu biyografi dizisinden Gracchus karde\u015fler ile Agis ve Kle\u00adomenes\u2019in ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcleri ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Hellence\u2019den T\u00fcrk\u00ad\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirisi ve kapsaml\u0131 bir yorumlamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yazar, kitab\u0131n \u00e7evirisinde izlenen teknik detaylar\u0131 aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> (V-VI) k\u0131s\u00adm\u0131nda Plutarkhos\u2019un yaz\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi ve amac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vermekte deva\u00adm\u0131nda ise yazar\u0131n ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle derledi\u011fi kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6znesi konu\u00admundaki tarihsel fig\u00fcrlerin biyografileri ve kentin kurulu\u015fundan Gracchus Karde\u015fler\u2019in politik arenaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede Roma\u2019daki s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015flar\u0131, sebepleri ve kazan\u0131lan haklar konusunda k\u0131sa bir \u00f6zetle konuya giri\u015f yapmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Giri\u015f<\/em> (1-8) k\u0131sm\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yazar Plutarkhos\u2019un ayn\u0131 diziden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirileri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcnyelerini vererek okuyucunun zihnini a\u00e7\u0131k tutmak istemektedir. Kitap genel olarak bir \u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> (V-VI) (Prooimion)<\/em>, tarihsel olaylar\u0131n iki karde\u015fin isminin alt\u0131nda tek tek irdelenerek art zamanl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tiberius ve Gaius Gracchus<\/em> (11-101) isimli birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Agis-Kleomenes ve Gracchus\u2019lar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u00adt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em> (103-113) (Synkrisis)<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ikinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve eser i\u00e7indeki referanslar\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi Dipnotlar<\/em> (115-120) isimli k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015f\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin Giri\u015f<\/em> (1-8) k\u0131sm\u0131ndan sonra Tiberius ve Gaius Gracchus<\/em> (11-101) isimli birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde metnin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi Hellence asl\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak verilerek, bir yandan da metin dipnotlarlarla zenginle\u015ftirilerek okuyu\u00adcunun olas\u0131 tarihsel ve filolojik bilgi eksikliklerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Karde\u015flerin, Roma\u2019 n\u0131n sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcl ve sosyo-politik ya\u015fam\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n zikredilmesinden \u00f6nce aile ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri ve miza\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 saptamalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tiberius Gracchus<\/em> (17-59) alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise karakterin tarihsel vizyonu ve misyonu ele al\u0131nmakta, ayr\u0131ca Roma\u2019 n\u0131n sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yine di\u011fer alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan Ga\u00adius Gracchus<\/em> (61-101)\u2019ta karde\u015f Gaius\u2019un pleblerin sosyal konumunu sa\u011flam\u00adla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve a\u011fabeyi Tiberius\u2019un yar\u0131m kalan i\u015flerini hayata ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fccadele irdelenerek sosyolojik bir analize giri\u015filmektedir. S\u0131n\u0131flar Sava\u015f\u0131 tarihinin bilinen belki de en eski ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc simalar\u0131ndan olan Gracchus Karde\u015fler\u2019in tarihin seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftiren ve sosyal \u00e7alkant\u0131lara yol a\u00e7an faaliyetlerinin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 patriciler eliyle zorla bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa bir \u00f6zeti niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Agis-Kleomenes ve Gracc\u00adhus\u2019lar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em> (103-113) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmektedir. Plutarkhos, Gaius ve Tiberius\u2019un ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 Roma toplumuna kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ile Sparta i\u00e7in Agis ve Kleomenes\u2019in yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fi s\u0131ra vermek yerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131 ye\u011flemekte, ki\u015fisel \u00f6zelliklerinin etkinliklerine ne denli sinmi\u015f oldu\u00ad\u011funu sezebilmemize imkan veren ipu\u00e7lar\u0131yla canl\u0131 bir kompoziyon sunmakta\u00add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem Filoloji disiplini hem de Klasik Sosyoloji Tarihi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctenlere k\u0131lavuzluk edebilecek mahiyette \u00f6zenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bu \u00e7eviri eser, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 notlar\u0131yla yavan bir \u00e7evirinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mekte, Paralel Hayatlar<\/em> biyografi dizisinin dilimize \u00e7evrilen di\u011fer eserleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kendine hakl\u0131 bir yer edinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>
\nArkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Necmettin ERAYDIN (\u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r.) <\/strong>
\nneraydin@anadolu.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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