{"id":2695,"date":"2017-03-31T13:57:18","date_gmt":"2017-03-31T10:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/?p=2695"},"modified":"2017-03-31T14:29:16","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:29:16","slug":"lbr-0086","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0086","title":{"rendered":"Medieval And Renaissance Famagusta Studies In Architecture, Art And History"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Medieval And Renaissance Famagusta Studies In Architecture, Art And History<\/h2>\n

Michael J. WALSH, Peter W. EDBURY & Nicholas S. H. COUREAS<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9781409435570
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0341
\nPublication Date:<\/strong>\u00a02012
\nLocation:<\/strong> Farnham
\nPublisher:<\/strong> Ashgate Publishing<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> II (2017) 23-30<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017004
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 17.02.2017 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 20.03.2017
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 29.03.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n

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M. J. K. WALSH, P. W. EDBURY \u2013 N. S. H. COUREAS (Eds.), Medieval And Renaissance Famagusta Studies In Architecture, Art And History<\/em>. Farnham 2012. Ashgate Publishing, 341 sayfa (3 harita, 103 resim ve 4 tablo ile birlikte). ISBN: 9781409435570
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K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu siyasi belirsizlik b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan kalan miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131na bir anlamda katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Orta\u00ad\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a ait g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131lar deprem, sel vb. do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 ile zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse de insan fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerlerinde fazla de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe yol a\u00e7amam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Ge\u00e7 Or\u00adta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Lusignan Hanedan\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Venediklilerin imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ma\u011fusa kenti tarihi dokusunu b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam\u00adda muhafaza ederek zamana kar\u015f\u0131 adeta direnmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte bu tarihi dokunun tamamen kendi kaderine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 kentin tarihinin, yap\u0131lar\u0131\u00adn\u0131n g\u00f6rsel ve sanatsal \u00f6zelliklerinin yava\u015f ya\u015f yok olmas\u0131na da sebep olmakta\u00add\u0131r. Medieval and Renaissance Famagusta Studies in Architecture, Art and History <\/em>(Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6neminde Ma\u011fusa Mimari, Sanat ve Tarih Alan\u0131nda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar) adl\u0131 bu edit\u00f6rl\u00fc eser Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f tarihini ayd\u0131n\u00adlatmak, gerek Gotik \u00fcslupta gerek R\u00f6nesans tarz\u0131 mimari \u00f6\u011felerle in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak, kentin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekerek yok olmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na gereken tedbirleri almaya te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla tarih, mimari, sanat tarihi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli disiplinlerden yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplamda on yedi makaleden olu\u015fan eser Part I: History and Historio\u00adgraphy <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m I: Tarih ve Tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 [13 \u2013 72]); Part II: Art and Architecture <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m II: Sanat ve Mimari [73 \u2013 196]); Part III: Conservation <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m III: Koruma [197 \u2013 287]) \u015feklinde \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Contents <\/em>(\u0130\u00e7indekiler [v \u2013 vi]) k\u0131s\u00adm\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan eser s\u0131ras\u0131yla List of Figures <\/em>(G\u00f6rseller Listesi (ix \u2013 xiii]), List of Plates <\/em>(Renkli G\u00f6rseller Listesi [xv \u2013 xvi]), List of Tables <\/em>(Tablolar Listesi [xviii]) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle devam etmektedir. Ard\u0131ndan esere katk\u0131da bulunan ki\u015filerin k\u0131sa \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015flerinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Notes on Contributors <\/em>(Katk\u0131da Bulunanlara \u0130li\u015f\u00adkin Notlar [xix \u2013 xviii]) yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Philippe Roux de Lusig\u00adnan taraf\u0131ndan Frans\u0131zca kaleme al\u0131nan Foreword <\/em>(\u00d6ns\u00f6z [xvi]); Nicola Cold\u00adstream\u2019e ait Preface <\/em>(Mukaddimme [xxvii \u2013 xxviii]) ve te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerin ifade edil\u00addi\u011fi Acknowledgements <\/em>(Te\u015fekk\u00fcr (xxix]) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri izlemektedir.<\/p>\n

Introduction Famagusta: An Imperilled Cultural Mosaic in the Eastern Me\u00additerranean<\/em> (Giri\u015f Ma\u011fusa: Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de Tehlike Alt\u0131ndaki Bir K\u00fclt\u00fcr Mozai\u011fi [1 \u2013 11]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kitab\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 edit\u00f6r\u00fc k\u0131sa yaz\u0131lar kaleme alm\u0131\u015f\u00adlard\u0131r. Part I: Famagusta \u2013 The City <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m I: Ma\u011fusa \u2013 Kent [1 \u2013 4]) alt ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilk yaz\u0131da Peter W. Edbury, 1260\u2019lardan itibaren kentin siyasi ve ticari duru\u00admunda g\u00f6zlemlenen ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ele alarak d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ilerler ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar uzanan bir anlat\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer edit\u00f6r Michael J. K. Walsh, Part II: Famagusta -The Project <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m II: Ma\u011fusa \u2013 Proje [4 \u2013 7]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda giri\u015fimleri sonucunda kentin World Monuments Fund (D\u00fcnya An\u0131tlar Fonu) G\u00f6zlem Listesinde yer alarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla tehlike alt\u0131nda bulunan y\u00fcz sit alan\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonu\u00adcunda pek \u00e7ok kurum ve kurulu\u015f Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n tarihi miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in seferberli\u011fe giri\u015fmi\u015f; mevcut eser de bu projeye fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rmak ve destek vermek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n son edit\u00f6r\u00fc Nicholas S. H. Cou\u00adreas giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn son k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Part III: Famagusta \u2013 The Collec\u00adtion <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m III: Ma\u011fusa \u2013 Derleme [7 \u2013 11]) adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda kitapta yer alan ma\u00adkalelerin i\u00e7erikleri hakk\u0131nda k\u0131saca bilgi vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu giri\u015f niteli\u011findeki de\u011ferlendirmelerin ard\u0131ndan kitab\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ilki olan Part I: History and Historiography <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m I: Tarih ve Tarih Yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 [13 \u2013 72]) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Biri Frans\u0131zca olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt adet makaleden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilk makalesi David Ja\u00adcoby\u2019nin Camlet Manufacture, Trade in Cyprus and the Economy of Fama\u00adgusta from the Thirteenth to the Late Fifteenth Century <\/em>(13. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta \u201cCamlet\u201d \u00dcretimi ile Ticareti ve Ma\u011fusa Ekonomisi [15 \u2013 42]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar \u201ccamlet\u201d kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar\u0131n\u0131, mahiyetine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Latin Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelen yerle\u015fimciler ile K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta imal edil\u00admeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131, kuma\u015f \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin kraliyet d\u00fczenlemelerini ve ver\u00adgileri, piyasadaki arz-talep durumunu; Cenevizlilerin ard\u0131ndan Ma\u011fusa\u2019da aza\u00adlan \u00fcretimi ve Venedikliler d\u00f6neminde boya tesislerinin Lefko\u015fa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u00admas\u0131 ile \u00fcretimin Lefko\u015fa\u2019da devam etmesini anlatmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu bilgi\u00adler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bahsi ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n hem depolama, mal akta\u00adr\u0131m\u0131, ihracat \u2013 ithalat liman\u0131 gibi fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmekte hem de kenti bir \u00fcretim merkezi olarak ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ikinci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ise Peter W. Edbury, Famagusta and the Tradition of History Writing in Frankish Cyprus <\/em>(Frank D\u00f6nemi K\u0131br\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda Ma\u011fusa ve Tarih Yaz\u0131m Gelene\u011fi [43 \u2013 52]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesidir. Yazar, bu makalenin odak noktas\u0131na XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait Venedik \u0130talyancas\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve Birinci Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferinden 1442 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Lusignan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihine dair olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Chronique d\u2019Amadi <\/em>adl\u0131 eseri koymaktad\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki yaz\u0131m gelene\u011fini en iyi \u00f6zetleyen eser oldu\u011funu belirten yazar bu kroni\u011fi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar, \u00fcslup ve i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelemektedir. Buradan ha\u00adreketle Amadi <\/em>kroni\u011finde ve d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131nda Ma\u011fusa kentin\u00adden nas\u0131l bahsedildi\u011fini, kentin tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fen konumu ile tarihi kaynaklardaki bahsinin de de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131, tahkimatland\u0131rma ve imar faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Mythes et r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de la pr\u00e9sence templi\u00e8re \u00e0 Famagouste <\/em>(Templierlerin Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki Varl\u0131klar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Efsaneler ve Ger\u00e7ekler [53 \u2013 64]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tek Frans\u0131zca makalesidir ve Pierre-Vincent Claverie taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar, kentte bulunan dini yap\u0131lar, kroniklerde yer alan anlat\u0131lar ve Cenevizli noterlere ait belgelerdeki bilgilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak Templier \u015f\u00f6\u00advalyelerinin Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131, denizcilik faaliyetlerini ve burada bir \u00fcslerinin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Nicholas S. H. Coureas taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan Taverns in Me\u00addieval Famagusta <\/em>(Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Ma\u011fusa\u2019da Meyhaneler [65 \u2013 72]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makale ile sona ermektedir. Coureas ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda Venedik ve Ceneviz no\u00adter belgelerinde bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131 veya \u015fahit olarak ya da do\u011frudan meyha\u00adne\u00adleriyle alakal\u0131 bir mesele dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yer alan Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki meyhane sahipleri\u00adnin izini s\u00fcrerek K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca liman kenti olan Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda sosyal hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikir vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yedi makaleden olu\u015fan Part II: Art and Architec\u00adture <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m II: Sanat ve Mimari [73 \u2013 196]) adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fc\u00adm\u00fcn ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 St. Nicholas in Famagusta: A New Approach to the Dating, Chronology and Sources of Architectural Language <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki St. Nicholas Katedrali: Tarihlendirme, Kronoloji ve Mimari Dilin Kaynaklar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Yeni Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m [75 \u2013 91]) Arne Franke\u2019a aittir. Yazara g\u00f6re 1291 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akk\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesi ve buradaki Latinlerin Ma\u011fusa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesi ile daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ibadet mek\u00e2n\u0131na duyulan ihtiyac\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan St. Nicholas Katedrali Fransa k\u00f6kenli olup b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Avrupa Gotik Mimari gelene\u011finden beslenmekle birlikte \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s\u201da has bir \u00fcslup ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Fark\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011feleri b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu yap\u0131y\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alan Franke, eseri in\u015fa tarihine dair hipotezler, Avrupa mimarisindeki \u00f6rnekler ile aras\u0131n\u00addaki benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, bezeme program\u0131, banileri ve in\u015fa s\u00fcreci gibi \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan incelemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm yine St. Nicholas katedralini konu alan bir ba\u015fka makale ile devam etmektedir. Allan Langdale, Notes on the Marginal Sculpture of the Cath\u00adedral of St. Nicholas <\/em>(St. Nicholas Katedralinde \u00c7evre (Marjin) Heykelle\u00adrine Dair Notlar [93 \u2013 113]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda katedrali, \u00fczerinde fazla durul\u00admam\u0131\u015f bir alan olan heykel sanat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Kompo\u00adzisyonun merkezinden ziyade \u00e7evrede yer alan ve merkezdeki tema ile genellikle bir tezat olu\u015fturarak kompozisyonu tamamlayan bu heykel \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u00admalar\u0131n\u0131 zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fen alg\u0131, esere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 katk\u0131, sosyal anlamda sembolize ettikleri kavramlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mercek alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kitab\u0131n ikinci ve son Frans\u0131zca makalesi olan Les Ordres mendiants \u00e0 Famagouste: une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence spirituelle et architecturale <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki M\u00fcn\u00adzevi Tarikatlar: Ruhani ve Mimari Bir Kaynak [115 \u2013 132]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Thierry Soulard taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Fransisken ve Dominiken tari\u00adkatlar\u0131n\u0131n Ma\u011fusa\u2019da yerle\u015fip yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr tarikatlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kentin zenginli\u011fi incelenirken Ceneviz noter belgeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan vasiyetnameler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu tarikatlar\u0131n manast\u0131rlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar da ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Soulard \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcslup ve yap\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini inceleyerek K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki bu gotik yap\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki t\u00fcrevleri ile aralar\u0131ndaki benzerli\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n mimari eserlerinin konu edildi\u011fi bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm yine kentin di\u011fer bir kilisesini mercek alt\u0131na alan bir ba\u015fka makale ile devam etmektedir. Dick\u00adran Kouymjian\u2019a ait olan The Holy Mother of God Armenian Church in Fama\u00adgusta<\/em> (Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki Ermeni Kilisesi \u201cThe Holy Mother of God\u201d [133 \u2013 146]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Theotokos (the Holy Mother of God =Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kutsal Annesi) yani Hz. Meryem\u2019e atfedilen Ermeni Kilisesini olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem izleyerek incelemeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6nce kentte Ermeni m\u00fcstensihler taraf\u0131ndan is\u00adtinsah edilen dini metinlerin sonunda yer alan istinsah bilgilerinden ve papa\u00adl\u0131k bildirgelerinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak kiliseye yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar ele al\u0131nmakta; ard\u0131n\u00addan kilisede yer alan, Hz. Meryem ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli dini fig\u00fcr veya olaylar\u0131n betimlendi\u011fi fresk kompozisyonlar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn be\u015finci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Justine M. Andrews\u2019e aittir. Yazar, Gothic and Byzantine in the Monumental Arts of Famagusta: Diversity, Permeability and Power <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki An\u0131tsal Eserlerde Gotik ve Bizans Sanat\u0131: \u00c7e\u015fitlilik, Ge\u00e7irgenlik ve G\u00fc\u00e7 [147 \u2013 166]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde Katolik, Ortodoks, Nesturi, Ermeni gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli cemaatlere ait olan katedral, kilise, manast\u0131r gibi dini yap\u0131lar\u0131 incelemektedir. Bir yandan eserlere h\u00e2kim olan gotik \u00fcslubun asl\u0131nda XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131n olan \u00fcsluba g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kendine has esnek ve ge\u00e7irgen bir sanat\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtirken di\u011fer yandan yap\u0131lardaki Bizans sanat\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc duvar resimlerini yorumlamaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Latin ve Rum kesime ait \u00e7e\u015fitli unsur\u00adlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde eriterek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni formu banilerin ve yerle\u00ad\u015fim\u00adcilerin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, mimari elemanlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ve zenginlik g\u00f6stergesi olarak alg\u0131\u00adlanmas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011flayarak sanat ve iktidar kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015f\u00adkiye dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta h\u00e2kimiyet kuran Venediklilerin adaya miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Famagusta from a Latin Perspective: Venetian Heraldic Shields and Other Fragmentary Remains <\/em>(Latin Perspektifinden Ma\u011fusa: Venedik Hanedan\u0131na ait Armalar ve Di\u011fer Kal\u0131nt\u0131 Par\u00e7alar\u0131 [167 \u2013 186]) maka\u00adlesi Vincenzo Lucchese\u2019in kaleminden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada adada Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetinden \u00f6nce Venedik d\u00f6nemine ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ve kal\u0131nt\u0131\u00adlarda yer alan Venedik soylular\u0131na ait armalar\u0131n izini s\u00fcrmekte ve bu par\u00e7alar\u0131 Venedik\u2019teki benzerleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin tan\u0131klar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00adsel malzemenin korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Gianni Perbellini, The Military Architecture of Venetian Famagusta <\/em>(Vene\u00addik D\u00f6neminde Ma\u011fusa\u2019da Askeri Mimari [187 \u2013 196]) adl\u0131 makalesi ile ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Makalede K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n 1489 y\u0131l\u0131nda Venedik\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flay\u0131p XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ivme kazanan silah teknolojisi ve askeri mimari alanlar\u0131ndaki yenilikler do\u011frultusunda, Ma\u00ad\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n savunmaya y\u00f6nelik ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimler ve kentin Orta\u00e7a\u011f savunma sisteminden R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemi askeri mimarisine ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci kentte in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Michael J. K. Walsh, What Lies Beneath: A Contemporary Survey of the Surviving Frescoes of the Churches in the Syrian Quarter of Famagusta <\/em>(Alt\u0131nda Ne Yat\u0131yor: Ma\u011fusa S\u00fcryani Mahallesindeki Kiliselerden G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ula\u015fan Freskelere Dair G\u00fcncel Bir \u0130nceleme [199 \u2013 215]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile eserin alt\u0131 makaleden olu\u015fan Part III: Conservation <\/em>(K\u0131s\u0131m III: Koruma [197 \u2013 287]) adl\u0131 son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilen pek az duvar resmini ele al\u0131p inceleyen yazar \u00e7imento veya kire\u00e7 ile kaplanan veya hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zarar g\u00f6ren resimlere ili\u015fkin daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bahsetmekte ve bu sanat eserlerinin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7menin aciliyetine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Ege Uluca T\u00fcmer\u2019in Twentieth-Century Restorations to the Medieval and Renaissance Monuments of Famagusta <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemlerine Ait An\u0131tsal Yap\u0131lar\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131l Restorasyonlar\u0131 [217 \u2013 233]) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile devam etmektedir. T\u00fcmer, \u0130ngiliz idaresi alt\u0131nda XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flay\u0131p 1935 \u2013 1956 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yo\u00ad\u011fun\u00adla\u015fan, Ma\u011fusa\u2019daki Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemlerine ait yap\u0131lar \u00fczerin\u00adde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermekte ve resto\u00adrasyon ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten T. A. H. Mogabgab\u2019\u0131n ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan ve bug\u00fcne kadar yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f foto\u011fraflar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve 1964 Venedik T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uyar\u0131nca bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Naciye Doratl\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Monumental Buildings in the Revitalization Process of Historic Urban Quarters: The Case of the Walled City <\/em>(Tarihi Kent\u00adsel B\u00f6lgelerin Yeniden Canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00fcrecinde An\u0131tsal Yap\u0131tlar: Ma\u011fusa Sur \u0130\u00e7i [235 \u2013 253]) adl\u0131 makalede restorasyon ve koruma konusuna farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131\u00addan de\u011finmektedir. Yap\u0131lar restore edilirken integrated conservation<\/em> \u2013 b\u00fc\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adle\u015fik koruma <\/em>hususuna dikkat edilmesi; yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 kentten izole edilmi\u015f \u015fekilde de\u011fil kent planlamas\u0131 ve dokusuna uygun \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Ma\u011fusa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak ele alan yazar sur i\u00e7i ile kentin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda de\u011ferlendir\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n

An Inspection of Tree of Famagusta\u2019s Churches <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 Kilisesine Dair Bir \u0130nceleme [255 \u2013 263]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makale Paulo B. Louren\u00e7o ve Lu\u00eds F. Ramos\u2019un ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Makalede \u00f6nce St. George of Greeks, St. Ge\u00adorge of Latins ve St. Mary of the Carmelites adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kilisenin in\u015fa bilgilerine ve mevcut durumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Ard\u0131ndan titre\u015fim test teknikleri ve analitik metotlar\u0131 birlikte kullanarak yap\u0131n\u0131n depreme kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek veya bilgisayar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131n\u0131n bir temsilini \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan model\/dinamik tan\u0131mlama analizi ile elastik dalgalar\u0131n kat\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki yay\u0131lma h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne durumda oldu\u011funu belirlemeye yarayan sonik testler gibi teknik y\u00f6ntemlerin bahsi ge\u00e7en kiliseler \u00fczerinde verdi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bir di\u011fer makale ise George S. Ballard ve Stephen W. Kemp\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 An Assessment of the Structural Fabric of th Church of Saints Peter and Paul: A Case Study in Historical Record and Appraisal Analysis <\/em>(Aziz Peter ve Aziz Paul Kiliselerinin Yap\u0131sal Dokusuna \u0130li\u015fkin Bir De\u011ferlendirme: Tarihi Kay\u0131t ve Yap\u0131sal De\u011ferlendirme Ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00d6rnek Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma [265 \u2013 274]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yazarlar yap\u0131la\u00adr\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra halk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gayesini de g\u00fctmekle birlikte bunun ba\u015fta g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olmak \u00fczere beraberinde pek \u00e7ok zor\u00adlu\u011fu beraberinde getirdi\u011fini belirtmektedirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu lazer tarama tekni\u011fi, zarar vermeyen test y\u00f6ntemi (NDT) ve zemin radar\u0131 (GPR) gibi modern tekniklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile yap\u0131n\u0131n dokusu, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi materyaller, nem oran\u0131, duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat gibi pa\u00adra\u00admetrelerin belirlenip yap\u0131n\u0131n aktif halde gelece\u011fe aktar\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Aziz Peter ve Aziz Paul Kiliseleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ve elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ifade etmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Bu makalenin ard\u0131ndan Robert Silman ve Kent Severson\u2019un D\u00fcnya An\u0131tlar Fonu ad\u0131na 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131nda Ma\u011fusa\u2019ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gezide edindikleri g\u00f6z\u00adlemlerine yer verdikleri The Historic Walled City of Famagusta, 2008: A Re\u00adport <\/em>(Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n Tarihi Suri\u00e7i, 2008: Bir Rapor [275 \u2013 287]) adl\u0131 rapor eserin son yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir. Raporda incelenen yap\u0131lar\u0131n mevcut durumla\u00adr\u0131na, yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerine, daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, ada\u00adn\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu siyasi duruma, yap\u0131larda acil m\u00fcdahale gerektiren hu\u00adsuslara ili\u015fkin genel bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eserin sonunda be\u015f adet ekin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Appendices <\/em>(Ekler [289 \u2013 309] b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Appendix I Address delivered by Michael J. K. Walsh in Paris, 4 April 2008 <\/em>(Michael J. K. Walsh taraf\u0131ndan 4 Nisan 2008 tarihinde Paris\u2019te yap\u0131lan Konu\u015fma [291 \u2013 292]) birinci ektir. Ard\u0131ndan Appendix II: Press Release <\/em>(Ek II: Bas\u0131n Bildirisi [293 \u2013 295]) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rum ve T\u00fcrklerin Tarihi Ma\u011fusa kentini korumak ad\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131na dair bir bas\u0131n bildi\u00adrisi yer almaktad\u0131r. Appendix III Chronology of Venetian Administration for Dating the Coats of Arms of Lusignan <\/em>(Ek III Ma\u011fusa\u2019da Bulunan Lusignan Armalar\u0131n\u0131 Tarihlemeye Y\u00f6nelik Olarak Venedikli \u0130dareciler Kronolojisi [297 \u2013 299]) adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ekte 1480 \u2013 1571 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ma\u011fusa\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan askeri idare\u00adcilerin adlar\u0131na ve g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bir di\u011fer ek Appendix IV: Armenian Manuscript Colophons from Famagusta and Cyprus <\/em>(Ek IV: Ma\u011fusa ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki Ermeni El Yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stinsah Bilgileri [301 \u2013 305]) Dickran Kouymjian taraf\u0131ndan derlenen, 1280 \u2013 1679 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ermenilerin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s Ma\u011fusa\u2019da bulunan el yazmalar\u0131ndaki k\u00e2tip, yazd\u0131ran ki\u015fi, ebat, nicel \u00f6zellikler, metin t\u00fcr\u00fc gibi bilgileri ihtiva etmektedir. Appendix V: Typed Notes by M[onica] Bardswell, February 1937 from Conway Library, Courtauld Institute <\/em>(Ek V: M[onica] Bardswell taraf\u0131ndan \u015eubat 1937 tarihinde tutulan Conway Library, Courtauld Institute\u2019den Notlar [307 \u2013 309]) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 be\u015finci ve son ekte Dickran Kouymjian Ma\u011fusa Ermeni Kilise\u00adsine ait olan ve yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en notlar\u0131 tekrar ele al\u0131p d\u00fczenleyerek ya\u00ady\u0131n\u00adlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ekler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan eser ba\u015fvurulan kaynaklar\u0131n yer adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Biblio\u00adgraphy <\/em>(Bibliyografya [311-329]) ve ki\u015fi ile yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Index (Dizin [331 \u2013 341]) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ile sona ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Eser Ma\u011fusa\u2019y\u0131 Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemlerine yo\u011funla\u015farak tarihi, siyasi, mimari, sanat tarihi, m\u00fchendislik, ticaret gibi pek \u00e7ok alandan de\u011fi\u015fik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla incelemekle birlikte \u00f6zellikle Ma\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 elzem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Bu anlamda siyasi b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hem de uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndemde her daim yer bulan ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda kendisine duyulan ilgi siyasi dinamikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sanatsal miras\u0131n\u0131n geri planda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir or\u00adtamda eser Ma\u011fusa ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zenginliklerini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Eser kentin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lan bu \u00e7aban\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tarih, sanat tarihi, mimarl\u0131k, m\u00fchendislik, restorasyon, gibi alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren ki\u015filer i\u00e7in de ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. Ayr\u0131ca interdisipliner bir ekibin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kolektif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile Ma\u011fusa gibi koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 aciliyet gerektiren di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde de etkili sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131nabilece\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi,\u00a0Akdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>
\nAkdeniz Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Anabilim Dal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00d6zge BOZKURTO\u011eLU \u00d6ZCAN (Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r.) <\/strong>
\nozgeozcan@akdeniz.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

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