{"id":2685,"date":"2017-03-31T13:42:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-31T10:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/?p=2685"},"modified":"2017-03-31T14:28:36","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T11:28:36","slug":"lbr-0083","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0083","title":{"rendered":"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"one_fourth\"><figure class=\"image_styled image_fit_mobile\" style=\"width:177px;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"image_frame effect-zoom\"><div class=\"image_shadow_wrap\">\n\t\t<a data-fittoview=\"true\" class=\"image_size_medium lightbox\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/lbr.2017001.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/strikingr\/images\/2574_lbr.2017001-175.jpg\" data-thumbnail=\"2574\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"three_fourth last\"><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi<\/h2>\n<h3>Alexander A. VASILIEV<\/h3>\n<div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>ISBN: <\/strong>9786051712659<br \/>\n<strong>Page:<\/strong>\u00a0895<br \/>\n<strong>Publication Date:<\/strong> 2016<br \/>\n<strong>Location:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul<br \/>\n<strong>Publisher:<\/strong> Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"two_third\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<strong><em>LIBRI<\/em> II (2017)\u00a01-8<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>DOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2017001<br \/>\n<strong>Received Date<\/strong>: 22.01.2017 | <strong>Acceptance Date:<\/strong>\u00a010.02.2017<br \/>\n<strong>Online Publication Date<\/strong>: 27.03.2017<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2017<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"one_third last\"><div id=\"framed_box_1beb700c28fb5a6925cf503fc13213c8\" class=\"framed_box\">\n\t<div class=\"framed_box_content\">\n\t\t\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-45\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/lbr.2017001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Get PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-46\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/references.jpg\" alt=\"references\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/><strong>\u00a0<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/lbr.2017001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">View PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#refs\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" alt=\"info\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0 <\/a><b><a href=\"#refs\">Citation<\/a><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"framed_box_space\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>A. A. VASILIEV, <em>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi<\/em>. \u0130stanbul 2016. Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 895 sayfa (5 harita ile birlikte). \u00c7ev. T. Alka\u00e7. ISBN: 9786051712659<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 395 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130m\u00adparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 476 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 itibariyle B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu\u2019nun devam\u0131 olarak 1453 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tarih sahnesinde boy g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu veya Edward Gibbon\u2019un isimlendirmesiyle Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan miras alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu k\u00f6klerini ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta do\u011fu k\u00f6kenli bir bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve daha sonra devletin resmi dini olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ile birle\u015ftirip yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu o zamanki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hem politik hem de dini olarak etkilemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130mparatorluk say\u0131s\u0131z sava\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok impa\u00adrator g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kendi inanc\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka bir do\u011fu k\u00f6kenli inan\u00e7 olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimseyen Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan 29 May\u0131s 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden silinmi\u015ftir. Rusya steplerine kadar ula\u015fan Ortodoksluk, Bat\u0131 Avrupa sarayla\u00adr\u0131nda boy g\u00f6steren sanat\u0131 ve kendisi art\u0131k tarih sahne\u00adsinde var olmasa bile miras alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Hellen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 etkilemi\u015f olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkileyicidir. Rus tarih\u00e7i Alexander Alex\u00adandrovich Vasiliev taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7ar\u00adl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son zamanlar\u0131nda ilk cildi ve Sovyet Rusya zaman\u0131nda ise son 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci cilt bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, olu\u015fan ilgi sayesinde \u0130ngilizce ile Fran\u00ads\u0131zca\u2019ya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e birka\u00e7 kez d\u00fczenlenerek tekrar bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bask\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde ilk olarak T\u00fcrk arkeolog Arif M\u00fcfid Mansel taraf\u0131ndan 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u00adt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu eser 73 y\u0131l sonra 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrardan bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans \u0130mpara\u00adtorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kronolojik evrelerini her d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6netimde olan hanedanlar ile birlikte siyasal, sosyal, ekono\u00admik, sanatsal ve dini olarak anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu eser <em>\u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/em> (7) k\u0131sm\u0131ndan sonra kendi i\u00e7erisinde 9 ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Bizans Tarihi \u00dczerine Yap\u0131lan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar <\/em>(9-57) isimli ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7in\u00adde 3 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenmektedir. <em>Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar <\/em>(9-44) is\u00admine sahip ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Klasik Hellen ve Roma eserlerine ilgisi olan Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Bizans\u2019a olan ilgisinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve Fransa\u2019da bu alanda yap\u0131lan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara de\u011finilmektedir. Ard\u0131ndan Bizans alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olmu\u015f Du Cange, Mon\u00adtesquieu, Gibbon, Lebeau, Finlay, Hopf, Hertzberg, Ostro\u00adgorsky ve Bury gibi Avrupal\u0131 entellekt\u00fcellerin hayatlar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Rusya\u2019da Bizans Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 <\/em>(44-53) ismine sahip ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da Almanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ba\u015flay\u0131p 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131\u00ads\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n Bizans tarihine olan ilgisinin artmas\u0131 sonucu ba\u015flayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00adlara ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6nc\u00fc olan Vasilievsky, Th. I. Uspensky, C.N. Uspensky, Levchenko ve Vasiliev gibi ki\u015filerin hayatlar\u0131 ve eserleri aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00adc\u00fc ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Dergiler, Genel Refe\u00adrans \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Papiroloji <\/em>(53-57) Bizans \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Al\u00adman\u00adya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>Byzantinische Zeitschrift<\/em> isimli ilk dergiyi takiben Rusya ve Yunanistan\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan dergilere; Bizans hukuku \u00fczerine Al\u00admanya, Fransa, Rusya\u2019da yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ve son olarak Bizans sanat\u0131 ve Bizans kronolojisi hakk\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>B\u00fcy\u00fck Konstantin Zaman\u0131ndan Justinianos\u2019a Kadar \u0130mparatorluk<\/em> (58-156) ismine sahip ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7inde 4 alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Konstantin ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k <\/em>(58-77) imparator Constantinus\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fc\u00adm\u00fcne kadarki s\u00fcre\u00e7te imparatorun yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sava\u015flar\u0131 ve tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 din politi\u00adkas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Milano Ferman\u0131, kilise politikas\u0131, \u0130znik Konsili ve Konstan\u00adtinopolis\u2019in kurulu\u015fu gibi olaylar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Diocletia\u00adnus ve Konstantin Reformlar\u0131 <\/em>(78-83) isimli ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta impa\u00adratorlukta ya\u015fanan III. y\u00fczy\u0131l krizindeki y\u00f6netim sorunu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden merkezi h\u00e2kimiyeti g\u00fc\u00e7\u00adlendirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ortak reformlardan bahse\u00addilmek\u00adtedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>B\u00fcy\u00fck Konstantin D\u00f6neminden VI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ba\u015flar\u0131na Kadar \u0130mparatorlar ve Toplum <\/em>(83-142) imparator Constantin\u00adus\u2019un 337 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00adme\u00adsi sonucu 518 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahta oturan Iustinianus\u2019a kadar siyasi ve sosyal olaylar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan Ek\u00fcmenik Kon\u00adsiller, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n resmi din ilan edilmesi, bat\u0131da ya\u015fanan barbar ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve do\u011fuda yap\u0131lan sava\u015flara de\u011finilmektedir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Edebiyat, E\u011fitim, \u00d6\u011fretim ve Sanat <\/em>(142-156) antik\u00e7a\u011f paganizm ve H\u0131ris\u00adtiyanl\u0131k alt\u0131nda Atina, Antakya ve \u0130skenderiye gibi \u015fehirlerin entelekt\u00fcel etkisi ile bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130m\u00adpa\u00adrator Julianus, Teolog Gregorius, B\u00fcy\u00fck Basileos, Nyssal\u0131 Gregorgius, Yu\u00adhanna Chrisostom, Synesius, \u0130skenderiye Piskoposu Ath\u00ada\u00adnasius, Caesarea\u2019l\u0131 Eusebios, Zosimus Ammianus Marcellinus ve Aziz Au\u00adgustinus gibi \u00f6nemli ki\u015fi\u00adliklerin tarih, teoloji ve edebiyat alanlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve hayatlar\u0131 anla\u00adt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>B\u00fcy\u00fck Justinianos ve Onun Halefleri [518-610] <\/em>isimli (157-228) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm bu d\u00f6nemde tahta ge\u00e7en imparatorlardan, Iustinus ve Iustinianus\u2019un isimlerinin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan ve imparator Phokas\u2019a kadar k\u0131sa bir anlat\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kendi i\u00e7inde 4 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenen bu b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcm <em>I. Justinus <\/em>(159-160) isimli ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta imparatorun takip etti\u011fi din politikas\u0131 ve Habe\u015fistan Axum Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kurulan ili\u015fkiler ve bu ili\u015fkilerin daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerde Habe\u015fistan\u2019\u0131n edebi eserleri \u00fczerinden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00add\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. <em>Justinianos ve Theodora\u2019n\u0131n D\u00f6nemi <\/em>(160-203) ismine sahip ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k imparator Iustinianus\u2019un tek bir devlet, tek bir yasa ve tek bir kilise politikas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi\u011fine de\u011finilmekte\u00addir. Bat\u0131da Vizi\u00adgot, Orstrogot ile Vandallar, do\u011fuda Sasaniler, kuzeyde Hunlar ve Slavlar\u2019la yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar ile ek olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mpa\u00adrator Iustinianus\u2019un Roma kilisesi ile kurmak istedi\u011fi yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve Paganlar, Heretikler ile Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131r aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015f\u00adl\u0131k olan <em>Justinianos\u2019tan Sonra Tahta Ge\u00e7en \u0130mparatorlar <\/em>(203-214) impara\u00adtor Iustinianus\u2019un 565\u2019te \u00f6lmesi sonucu tahta ge\u00e7en imparatorlar ve bu d\u00f6nemde Sasaniler, Avarlar, Slavlar ve Lombardlar ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar; Mo\u00adno\u00adfizit hareket kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Orto\u00addoks\u00adlu\u011fun desteklenmesi ve yeni eyalet sis\u00adtemi Eksarhl\u0131klardan bahsedil\u00admektedir. <em>Edebiyat, E\u011fitim ve Sanat <\/em>(215-228) isimli d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise Prokopius, Petrus, Agathias, Simoka\u00adtes, Antiokheal\u0131 Yuhanna Ma\u00adlalas ve Dioscorus gibi ki\u015filerin tarih, co\u011frafya, kronik ve edebiyat alanlar\u0131n\u00addaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile son olarak mimari yap\u0131lar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemin Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f olarak isimlendirilmesindeki katk\u0131s\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Herakleios Hanedan\u0131 D\u00f6nemi [610-717] <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip (229-272) d\u00f6r\u00add\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde imparator Herakleios\u2019un ve hanedan\u0131n k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve tahta ge\u00e7en ard\u0131llardan bahsedilmektedir. Be\u015f alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm <em>D\u0131\u015f Sorunlar <\/em>(231-259) isimli ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Suriye, Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Sasaniler ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar, Avar ve Slav birliklerinin Konstantinopolis ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ile birlikte son olarak Muhammed, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve 4 Halife D\u00f6nemi Arap fetihleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. <em>Hanedan\u0131n Din Politikas\u0131 <\/em>(260-264) ismine sahip ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta imparator Herakleios\u2019un \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in iki tabiata ve tek iradeye sahip oldu\u00ad\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Monoteizm \u00f6\u011fretisi ile inan\u00e7 beyan\u0131 ve 680 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstan\u00adtinopolis\u2019te toplanan alt\u0131nc\u0131 Ek\u00fcmenik konsilde bu \u00f6\u011fretinin lanetlenmesine de\u011finilmektedir. <em>Theme Organizasyonunun K\u00f6keni ve Geli\u015fimi <\/em>(264-268) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise Herakleios d\u00f6nemine atfedilen Eyalet (Theme) sistemin \u00f6nc\u00fclleri, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, say\u0131s\u0131 ve kuruldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedeki ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Anar\u015fi D\u00f6nemi [711-717] <\/em>(268-268) II. Iustinianus\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131 tahta ge\u00e7en impara\u00adtorlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve Isauria Hanedan\u2019\u0131ndan III. Leo\u2019nun 717 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahta ge\u00e7mesine kadarki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6nemi k\u0131saca incelenmektedir. <em>Edebiyat, E\u011fitim ve Sanat <\/em>(269-272) isimli be\u015finci ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise kaybedilen topraklar ve i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar sebebiyle karanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7iren edebiyatta Pisidia\u2019l\u0131 Yorgi, Mihael Psellos, Antakyal\u0131 Yuhanna, itiraf\u00e7\u0131 Maximus ve Giritli Andreas\u2019\u0131n hayatlar\u0131 ve eserleri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0130konoklastik D\u00f6nem [717-867]<\/em> ismine sahip (273-346) be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm 3 alt ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenmektedir. <em>\u0130sauria ya da Suriye Hanedan\u0131<\/em> (274-313) ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta tahta ge\u00e7en III. Leo\u2019nun ve hanedan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015f\u00admalar ve imparatorun Araplara kar\u015f\u0131 Konstantinopolis\u2019i ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde savun\u00admas\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Emeviler hanedan\u0131n\u0131n tarihe ka\u00adr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile birlikte yerine Abbasilerin ge\u00e7mesi sonucu rahatlayan ve y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc bat\u0131daki konulara \u00e7eviren imparatorlu\u011fun Balkanlar\u2019da bulunan Bulgar ve Slav sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgilendi\u011fi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sauria Hanedan\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde yap\u0131lan imparator Iustinianos d\u00f6nemi yap\u0131lan kanunnamenin d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adlenmesi, <em>thema<\/em> sistemindeki iyile\u015ftirmeler aktar\u0131l\u0131rken son olarak bu d\u00f6ne\u00admin en \u00f6nemli dini olay\u0131 olan \u0130konoklasizm\u2019in ilk evresinden bahsedil\u00admesi ve Papa III. Leo\u2019nun elinden ta\u00e7 giyen \u015earlman\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131n\u0131n imparatoru olmas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7ift ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>\u0130sau\u00adria Hane\u00addan\u0131n\u0131n Takip\u00e7ileri ve Frigya Hanedan\u0131<\/em> (314-336) isimli ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise imparatori\u00e7e \u0130rene\u2019nin tahtan indirilmesi; I. Nikeforos\u2019un tahta ge\u00e7mesi; bu d\u00f6nemde bat\u0131da Araplara kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nan yenilgiler ve kaybedilen topraklardan; Ruslar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile birlikte Konstanti\u00adnopolis\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ku\u015fatmalar ve Bulgar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flardan bahsedilmekte\u00addir. Son olarak \u0130konoklasizm\u2019in ikinci evresi ile birlikte ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ayr\u0131n\u00adt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Edebiyat, E\u011fitim ve G\u00fczel Sanatlar<\/em> (336-346) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise tasvirseverlerin zaferi ile so\u00adnu\u00e7lanan \u0130konoklast d\u00f6nemde onlar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f edebiyat eser\u00adlerine de\u011finilmekte olup Yorgo Synkellos, Theophanes, Nikeforos ve Yorgo Hamartolus gibi ki\u015file\u00adrin edebiyat, tarih ve teolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yer veril\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Makedonya Hanedan\u0131 D\u00f6nemi [867-1081]<\/em> isimli (347-429) alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm k\u0131sa bir giri\u015f olarak Makedonya Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar ile birlikte bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde cereyan eden sosyal, siyasal ve dini olaylara k\u0131\u00adsaca de\u011finilmektedir. Kendi i\u00e7erisinde 4 alt ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenen bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde <em>Makedonya Hanedan\u0131 \u0130mparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n D\u0131\u015f Politikalar\u0131 <\/em>(350-379) isimli ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta hem do\u011fuda hem de bat\u0131da Araplar ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar ve Arap donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz\u2019deki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri, Bulgar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar ve daha sonras\u0131nda eyalete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011finilmektedir. Son olarak Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Rusya, Pe\u00e7enekler, \u0130tal\u00adya ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa ile olan ili\u015fkileri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Sosyal ve Siyasi Geli\u015f\u00admeler <\/em>(380-404) isimli ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta imparator VI. Leo\u2019nun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc evlili\u011finin dinsel a\u00e7\u0131dan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kriz, manast\u0131r m\u00fclklerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 ve 1054 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 kiliselerinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 mese\u00adlesi incelenmektedir. Yasama faaliyetlerinde ise daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kanun kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi ile birlikte eyalet siste\u00admin\u00addeki de\u011fi\u015fiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra son olarak da kodamanlar diye tan\u0131mlanan toprak zenginlerinin etkisini k\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Zor D\u00f6nemler<\/em> (404-414) adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise impara\u00adtori\u00e7e Theodora\u2019n\u0131n 1056 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131 1081\u2019de tahta ge\u00e7en Aleksios Komnenos\u2019a kadarki 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te d\u0131\u015far\u0131da bat\u0131da Normanlar, Kuzeyde Pe\u00e7enekler ve Uzlar do\u011fuda Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri olmak \u00fczere i\u00e7eride ise eyalet y\u00f6neticileri ile toprak sahibi zenginlere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadeleler konu edinil\u00admektedir. <em>E\u011fitim, \u00d6\u011fretim, Edebiyat ve G\u00fczel Sanatlar<\/em> (415-429) ismine sahip son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise bu d\u00f6nemde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan edebiyat, sanat ve e\u011fi\u00adtim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda imparator VI. Leo ve VII. Constantinus\u2019un kendi yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve imparatorluk genelinde bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan ki\u015fileri destekledikleri aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mparatorlukta kurulmu\u015f olan hukuk okulu, \u00fcniversite ve tasvir boyama okullar\u0131 etkili olmakla beraber tarih, edebiyat ve teoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Suidas, Arethas, Nicholas Mysticus ve Hristofiyas gibi ki\u015filerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Bizans ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar <\/em>(430-497) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde 4 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenmektedir. Komnenos Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n I. ve II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi \u00f6ncesi Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu ile olan ili\u015fkileri ve onlarla kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 denge politikas\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015fkenti Latinlerden korumalar\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup seferler sonras\u0131 Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da Latinler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f krall\u0131klar ve onlarla olan m\u00fccadeleler anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>Angelos Hanedan\u0131 D\u00f6nemi D\u0131\u015f Politika <\/em>(497-529) ad\u0131na sahip ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Normanlar ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar ve Selahaddin Eyyubi taraf\u0131ndan Latinlerin elinden tekrar geri al\u0131nan Kud\u00fcs i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verilmektedir. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nden sonra Papa III. Innocentius taraf\u0131ndan yeni bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi olu\u015f\u00adturmak amac\u0131yla kurulan ordunun Venedik\u2019in kendi ekonomik menfa\u00adatlerini \u00f6n planda tutmas\u0131 ile birlikte IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin rotas\u0131n\u0131 Kud\u00fcs\u2019ten Konstan\u00adtinopolis\u2019e \u00e7eviren Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusunun \u015fehri yak\u0131p y\u0131kmalar\u0131, de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar\u0131 yanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeleri ve imparatorlu\u011fun topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u00adlar\u0131 do\u011f\u00adrultusunda payla\u015fmalar\u0131 detayl\u0131ca irdelenmektedir. <em>Komnenos ve Angelos Hanedanlar\u0131 D\u00f6neminde \u0130\u00e7 Meseleler<\/em> (529-550) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta politik a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybeden imparatorlu\u011fun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 kiliselerini tekrar bir\u00adle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131, toprak sahibi zenginlerin ve kilisenin m\u00fclklerine el konul\u00admas\u0131, paran\u0131n de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ile birlikte ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n giderilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve son olarak da Akdeniz\u2019de y\u00fckselen Venedik ve Ce\u00adneviz gibi g\u00fc\u00e7lere verilen ticari imtiyazlardan bahsedilmektedir. <em>E\u011fitim, \u00d6\u011fre\u00adtim, Edebiyat ve Sanat <\/em>(551-569) isimli d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta bu d\u00f6\u00adnemde Makedon Hanedan\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan ve bu d\u00f6nemde Antik\u00e7a\u011f eserle\u00adrine olan ilginin artmas\u0131 sonucu bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve son olarak ise Anna Komneni, Nikeforos Bryennius, Mihail, Ni\u00adketas Akomina\u00adtos ve Prodromos gibi ki\u015filerin hayatlar\u0131 ile birlikte tarih, edebiyat, teoloji gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu [1024-61]<\/em> ismine sahip (570-648) sekizinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7inde 6 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta irdelenmektedir. <em>Bizans Topraklar\u0131nda Kurulan Yeni Devletler<\/em> (570-578) ismine sahip ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ile u\u011fra\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaket sonucu Konstantinopolis\u2019te kurulan yeni Latin Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve II. Bulgar Kral\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile olan m\u00fccadeleler konu edinilmektedir. \u0130kinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>Laska\u00adrislerin D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 ve Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Yeniden Kurulmas\u0131<\/em> (578-607) bu d\u00f6nemde Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri, Avrupa devletleri, Bulgar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Epirus Despotlu\u011fu, Selanik Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Mo\u011follar ile olan ili\u015fkiler ve Mihail Palaiologos Konstantinopolis\u2019i 25 Temmuz 1261\u2019de tekrar ele ge\u00e7irmesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>\u0130znik ve Latin \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki Dini \u0130li\u015fkiler<\/em> (607-613) isimli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi sonucu Konstantinopolis\u2019te kurulan Latin Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte Papa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fuya yapabilece\u011fi etki anlat\u0131l\u00admakta olup buna ek olarak \u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Papal\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n iki kilisesinin tekrar birle\u015ftirilebil\u00admesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler aktar\u0131lmakta\u00add\u0131r. <em>\u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Sosyal ve Ekonomik \u015eartlar\u0131<\/em> (613-616) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131k \u0130znik imparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n zengin toprak sahiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 politika ve Venedik ile yap\u0131lan ticari imtiyaz anla\u015fmas\u0131na de\u011fi\u00adnil\u00admektedir. <em>E\u011fitim, \u00d6\u011fre\u00adtim, Edebiyat ve Sanat<\/em> (616-632) ismine sahip be\u015finci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta impa\u00adratorlar\u0131n edebiyat ve sanata olan ilgileri ile birlikte \u00f6nemli \u00e2limleri saraya davet edip hamisi olmalar\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemin Komnenos ile Palaiologos Hane\u00addanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde durul\u00admak\u00adta\u00add\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayata etkileri olan Nikeforos Blemmydes, Georgios Akropoli\u00adtes, II. Theodor Laskaris ve John ile Nicholas Mescrites gibi ki\u015filere de\u011finilir\u00adken son olarak da Latinle\u00adrin Bat\u0131dan getirdi\u011fi Edebiyat etkisine de vurgu ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r. <em>Bizans Feoda\u00adlizmi<\/em> (632-648) isimli alt\u0131nc\u0131 ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Av\u00adrupa\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc olarak bilinen Feodalizm kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131p ve Bi\u00adzans\u2019ta ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan etkilerini Ge\u00e7 Roma \u0130mparatorluk D\u00f6nemi\u2019nden Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri d\u00f6nemine kadar kronolojik olarak belirtileri ile birlikte a\u00e7\u0131klanmak\u00adtad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Bizans\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc <\/em>(649-807) isimli dokuzuncu ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm kendi i\u00e7eri\u00adsinde 5 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenmekte olup <em>Palaiologoslar\u0131n D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/em> (649-732) isimli ilk alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Bizans\u2019\u0131n elinde kalan topraklar, kendi i\u00e7erisindeki du\u00adrumu ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla tahta ge\u00e7en imparatorlardan bahsederek ba\u015flamakta\u00add\u0131r. Bat\u0131da bulunan Normanlar, Venedik ve Ceneviz gibi devletler ile ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve Balkanlarda \u0130stvan Du\u015fan liderli\u011findeki S\u0131rplar ile yap\u0131lan bir dizi m\u00fccadele sonucu onlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde bahsedilmektedir. Son olarak bat\u0131daki sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011fuda y\u00fckselen Osmanl\u0131lar ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadeleler, Bat\u0131dan istenilen yard\u0131m sayesinde kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131 yenilgiler ile son olarak 29 May\u0131s 1453\u2019te Bizans ba\u015fkentinin T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmesine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011finilmektedir. <em>Palaiologos Hanedan\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Dini Meseleler <\/em>(732-754) olan ikinci alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131 ile birlikte do\u011fu\u00addaki T\u00fcrk tehdidinin engellenmesini kiliselerin birle\u015fmesinde g\u00f6ren Bizans\u2019\u0131n Lyon, Floransa, Basel ve kesinli\u011fi emin olunamasa da Ayasofya Konsilleri an\u00adla\u00adt\u0131lmakta ve son olarak da Arsenit ve Hesychast gibi birle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hare\u00adketler incelenmektedir. <em>\u0130mparatorluk Dahilindeki Siyasi ve Sosyal Durum<\/em> (755-766) bir \u00e7ok gezgin ile t\u00fcccar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden Konstantinopolis\u2019in aktar\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131k ve bu d\u00f6nemde sosyal ve siyasal bozul\u00admalar, i\u00e7 isyanlar, devlet mekanizmalar\u0131, ekonomi ve askeri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fler ele al\u0131n\u00admak\u00adtad\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olan <em>E\u011fitim, Edebiyat, Bilim ve G\u00fczel Sa\u00adnatlar<\/em> (767-798) Bizans\u2019\u0131n siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve askeri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u00adsine bu d\u00f6nemde edebiyat, bilim, sanat ve e\u011fitim gibi alanlarda nas\u0131l zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun sebepleri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler sunulmaktad\u0131r. Pachymeres, Ni\u00adke\u00adforos Kallistus, Nikeforos Gregoras, Gennadius Scholarius, Gregorius Pala\u00admas, Ge\u00admistus Plethon, Nikeforos Chummos, Photius, Selanikli Eustathios, Manuel Hobolos, Manuel Philes ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n; tarih, teoloji, felsefe, edebi\u00adyat, filoloji ve bilim gibi alanlardaki etkileri irdelenmektedir. Son olarak ise 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan Bizans sanat\u0131n\u0131n bu denli y\u00fckselmesindeki et\u00adkileri hak\u00adk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmektedir. <em>Bizans ve \u0130talya R\u00f6nesans\u0131<\/em> (798-807) isimli be\u015finci ve son alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta Bizansl\u0131 Yunanlar\u0131n \u0130talya\u2019daki R\u00f6\u00adnesans\u2019a olan etkileri kronolojik olarak bu d\u00f6neme etki etmi\u015f \u00f6nemli ki\u015filer Calabrial\u0131 Barlaam, Gemistus Plethon ve \u0130znikli Bessarion \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131l\u00admaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yazar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans tarihine olan ilginin artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle Bizans\u2019\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemlerinden 1453\u2019te y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na kadarki olan s\u00fcre\u00e7 incelenmi\u015ftir. Eser i\u00e7erisinde Bi\u00adzans\u2019\u0131n siyasi, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zay\u0131flayan imparatorluk i\u00e7e\u00adrisinde g\u00fc\u00e7\u00adlenmeye ba\u015flayan aristokrat kesimin feodalite sistemine olan etkisi ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zaferinden sonra Avrupa\u2019ya ka\u00e7an bilginlerin R\u00f6nesans\u2019a olan etkilerinin de g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Eser <em>Ekler <\/em>(811-817), <em>Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(819-880) ve <em>Dizin <\/em>(881-895) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile son bul\u00admak\u00adtad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"one_half\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Akdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><div class=\"one_half last\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mehmetcan \u015eAH\u0130N (MA) <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>mehmetcnsahin@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"divider_padding\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"refs\"><\/a><div class=\"tabs_container\"><ul class=\"tabs\"><li><a href=\"#\">Citation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Link<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"panes\"><div class=\"pane\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M. \u015eahin, <em>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi<\/em>. Author: A. A. Vasiliev. Libri III (2017) 1-8. DOI: 10.20480\/lbr.2017001<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 adresi: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0083\">http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2017-en\/lbr-0083<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A. A. VASILIEV, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi. \u0130stanbul 2016. Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 895 sayfa (5 harita ile birlikte). \u00c7ev. T. Alka\u00e7. ISBN: 9786051712659 B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 395 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130m\u00adparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 476 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 itibariyle B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparator\u00adlu\u011fu\u2019nun devam\u0131 olarak 1453 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tarih sahnesinde boy g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu veya Edward Gibbon\u2019un isimlendirmesiyle &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2017-en","category-booknotice-17-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}