{"id":1499,"date":"2016-02-28T23:50:45","date_gmt":"2016-02-28T21:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/?p=1499"},"modified":"2016-07-12T13:33:05","modified_gmt":"2016-07-12T10:33:05","slug":"002","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.libridergi.org\/en\/2016-en\/002","title":{"rendered":"Konstantinos Paleologos"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Konstantinos Paleologos<\/h2>\n

Donald M. NICOL<\/h3>\n
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ISBN: <\/strong>9786053608523
\nPage:<\/strong>\u00a0160
\nPublication Date:<\/strong> 2013
\nLocation:<\/strong>\u00a0Ankara
\nPublisher:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>

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<\/div>\nLIBRI<\/em> II (2016) 63-64<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>:\u00a010.20480\/lbr.2016002
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 09.01.2016 \u00a0Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 11.02.2016
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 15.02.2016
\nCopyright \u00a9 Journal of Book Notices, Reviews and Translations, 2016<\/p>\n

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D. M. NICOL, Konstantinos Paleologos, Ankara, 2013, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 160 sayfa (16 resim ile birlikte). \u00c7ev.: Efe Kurtluo\u011flu. <\/strong>ISBN: 9786053608523<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konstantinos XI. Palaiologos 1449-1453 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rt y\u0131l gibi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisi imparator Manuel II. Palaiologos ve S\u0131rp Prensi Konstantin Dragas\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 pren\u00adses Helena\u2019n\u0131n yedi o\u011flundan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Babas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131 ile birlikte annesininkini de ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k on as\u0131rd\u0131r ayakta duran Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ya da Edward Gib\u00adbon\u2019un adland\u0131rmas\u0131yla, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun son imparatoruydu. Kendisi ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 1123 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 11 May\u0131s 330\u2019da Konstantinopolis\u2019i kuran ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da me\u015frula\u015f\u00adt\u0131ran imparator I. Konstantinos ile ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Ancak onunla ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu onun h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son zamanlar\u0131nda bir avu\u00e7 toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u00addan ibaretti. \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131yla Konstantinopolis \u015fehri ve \u00e7evresinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile Kyklad Adalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve buralara ek olarak diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc T\u00fcrklerin h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri kapsamak\u00adtayd\u0131. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n o g\u00f6rkemli imparatorlu\u011fu zaman ilerledik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Osmanl\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f ve \u00e7aresiz bir duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada, hen\u00fcz yirmi bir ya\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na ge\u00e7en Sultan II. Mehmet\u2019in en \u00f6nemli amac\u0131 zay\u0131flayan Konstantinopolis kentini fethetmek oldu. Fatih\u2019in 29 May\u0131s 1453\u2019te Konstanti\u00adnopolis\u2019i fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u00fccadelelerde XI. Konstantinos \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; bu suretle k\u00f6kleri IV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar inen Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve orta\u00e7a\u011f sonlanarak yeni\u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nceleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nan bu eser de, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun son temsilcisi Konstantinos XI. Palaiologos\u2019un do\u011fumundan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadarki hayat hik\u00e2yesine odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Buna ek olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraki zaman diliminde vuku bulmu\u015f olaylar, ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f efsaneler ve bu efsane\u00adler \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen tart\u0131\u015fmalar da ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda eser Soya\u011fac\u0131<\/em> (VII-VI), Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn Notu<\/em> (IX-X) ve \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn<\/em> (XI-XII) ard\u0131ndan yedi ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen \u0130mparatorluk<\/em> (1-19) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Konstantinopolis\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Trakya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 2 Mart 1354 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen depremin ard\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mevcut duruma y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6zlemlerle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda ayr\u0131ca imparator Konstantinos XI. Palaiolo\u00adgos\u2019un dedesi Ioannis Kantakuzenos, babas\u0131 Manuel II. Palaiologos ve abisi Ioannes VII. Palaiolo\u00adgos d\u00f6neminde imparatorlu\u011fun durumu da inceleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Buna ek olarak Kons\u00adtan\u00adtinos XI. Palaiologos\u2019un do\u011fumu, ailesi ile olan ili\u015fkileri, evlilikleri ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc idari g\u00f6revler hakk\u0131nda da bilgilendirmelerde bulunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mistras\u2019ta Despot <\/em>(21-35) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Konstantinos XI.\u00a0 Palaiologos\u2019un Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer alan Mistras kenti \u00f6zelindeki despotluk s\u00fcreci konu edinilirken, di\u011fer yandan da kendisinin \u015fehri kalk\u0131nd\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik ve de sos\u00adyal faaliyetler mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Papal\u0131k \u00f6nderli\u011finde toplanan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu ile Osmanl\u0131 ordusu aras\u0131nda 1444 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Varna Sava\u015f\u0131 Konstantinos XI. Palaiolo\u00adgos\u2019un s\u00f6z konusu bu sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki stratejisi ve sava\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Buna ilaveten a\u011fabeyleri Theodoros ve imparator VIII. Ioannis\u2019in Varna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan d\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonraki \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Konstantinopolis\u2019te \u0130mparator <\/em>(37-52) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Konstantinos XI.\u00a0 Palaiolo\u00adgos\u2019un imparator VIII. Ioannis\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tahta ge\u00e7mesi ve imparatorun ta\u00e7 giyme t\u00f6reninin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara odaklan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna ek olarak kendisinin imparator olmas\u0131ndan sonra hanedan\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yeni bir e\u015f ara\u00adma s\u00fcreci ele almas\u0131ndan son olarak XI. Konstantinos ile Sultan II. Mehmet aras\u0131nda 1449 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma ve bu antla\u015fman\u0131n bozulma s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konstantinopolis\u2019in D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc <\/em>(53-71) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise imparator Konstanti\u00adnos XI. Palaiologos\u2019un ku\u015fatmaya dayanabilmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ve ayr\u0131ca imparatorun bat\u0131 krallar\u0131na, Vatikan\u2019a ve Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda bulunan karde\u015flerine g\u00f6n\u00adderdi\u011fi yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011finilmektedir. Buna paralel olarak Sultan II. Meh\u00admet\u2019in sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131, \u015fehri ku\u015fatma ve fethetme s\u00fcreci de ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde analiz edilmekte\u00addir.<\/p>\n

Konstantinos\u2019un \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/em>(73-91) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde son Do\u011fu Roma imparatoru Konstantinos XI. Palaiologos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u015fehrin kaybedilece\u011fiyle ilgili ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f kehanetler\u00adden bahsedilmektedir. Buna ek olarak \u015fehirden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n XI. Konstantinos\u2019un vefat\u0131yla ilgili Papa\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 mektuplara de\u011finilirken di\u011fer yandan imparatorun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tarih\u00e7iler hem de H\u0131ristiyan din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n yazm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 anek\u00addotlar irdelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz \u0130mparator <\/em>(93-105) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde imparator Konstantinos XI. Palai\u00ado\u00adlogos\u2019un dirilmesi ve T\u00fcrkleri tekrar eski vatanlar\u0131na s\u00fcrmesiyle ilgili efsaneler ele al\u0131nmak\u00adtad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru zaman\u0131n Hellen \u015fairleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tema haline geldi\u011finden bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcllenen Korlar <\/em>(107-124) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yedinci ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Palaiologos Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hayatta kalan erkek varislerinin Sultan II. Mehmet, Papal\u0131k ve Avrupa krallar\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkileri konu edini\u00adlirken Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan evlilikler sayesinde hanedan\u0131n son ferdinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadarki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda da kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son olarak evlilik veya kan ba\u011f\u0131 yolu ile k\u00f6\u00adken\u00adlerini Palaiologos Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na dayand\u0131ran ki\u015filerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcre gelen \u00f6rnekle\u00adrine de de\u011finilmektedir. Eser K\u0131saltmalar (125), Kaynak\u00e7a <\/em>(127-135), Notlar <\/em>(137-151) ve Dizin <\/em>(153-160) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla sonland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak bu eserde yakla\u015f\u0131k on as\u0131rd\u0131r ayakta duran Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun son imparatoru olan Konstantinos XI. Palaiologos\u2019un ya\u015fam\u0131 biyografik bir anlat\u0131m perspektifinde ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Buna ek olarak kendisinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hem H\u0131ristiyanlar hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tarihi kaynaklar ve de s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sentezlenerek mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, s\u00f6z konusu eser yal\u0131n \u00fcslubu ve efsanelerle desteklenen anlat\u0131 me\u00adtodu sebebiyle Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun son y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131na ilgi duyanlar\u0131n merak\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabi\u00adlecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma niteli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>
\nAkdeniz Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Mehmetcan \u015eAH\u0130N (MA) <\/strong>
\nmehmetcnsahin@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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